Identification of superior rice donors with enhanced nitrogen use efficiency using a comprehensive multivariate genotype selection strategy.

Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of rice plants utilizing a few end-of-season traits poses a severe phenotyping bottleneck in exploring the genetic diversity of a large population and genotype selection accuracy. Therefore, a comprehensive multivariate genotype selection strategy was developed to explore maximum genetic variation of 300 diverse rice genotypes and accurately select promising rice donors with enhanced NUE traits on a multi-year (2019, 2021, and 2022) -trait (126 traits) -environment (2) -temporal (5) -location (3) scale. The multi-trait genotype ideotype distance index (MGIDI) ranked Cauvery, Suweon, RPW9-4 (SSI) and BAM3690 (IC463705) as superior NUE genotypes; Moroberekan, PUSA1121 and BAM8315 (Basmati 370) as low NUE genotypes.

Unveiling genomic diversity of glycolipid transfer protein (GLTP) gene family in rice: The lipid connection to climate resilience.

Glycolipid transfer protein (GLTP) genes are recognized for their role in stress adaptation in animals. In this study, for the first time, seventy-four GLTP genes were identified across ten Oryza species, with each species containing 6-9 genes. These genes exhibited strong synteny and collinearity, maintaining conserved chromosomal positions across all Oryza species.

Unravelling root system architecture plasticity in response to abiotic stresses in maize.

Maize (Zea mays L.) production is often limited by edaphic stresses, viz., drought, salinity and nutrient deficiencies.

Identification of subtropical breeding lines for ideal plant architecture in maize through multiple selection indices.

High plant density assumes significance for higher yield per unit area. However, reports on breeding for ideal plant architecture (IPA) in maize are limited due to lack of comprehensive characterization of germplasm. Here, we assessed genetic variation and identified inbreds for 14 plant architectural traits among 48 subtropical maize inbreds through multi-location analysis.

Deciphering ABA/PYL gene family in flax: evolutionary analysis, and abiotic stress response.

The identified PYL/PYR/RCAR receptor gene family differentially modulates stress-responsive and developmental roles in linseed. This gene family is evolutionarily and functionally conserved in agronomically imperative oilseed crop species. Abscisic acid (ABA) functions as a key phytohormone, exerting significant regulation over diverse cellular activities, notably growth and responses to various environmental stressors.

Unlocking genetic hotspots: GWAS reveals key nitrogen responsive genomic regions and key genes for root and yield traits in indica rice.

Nitrogen (N) induced environmental pollution from rice cultivation has resulted in undesired environmental impacts. To minimize the impacts, improvement of inherent NUE is very crucial in rice as it has the lowest NUE among the cereals. Though many family based and association based QTL studies have been reported earlier on NUE in rice, the reports on indica rice and precise evaluation of root parameters till physiological maturity is lacking.

Mapping of the QTLs governing grain nutrients in wheat ( L.) under nitrogen treatment using high-density SNP markers.

Introduction: Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe), are prevalent global health issues, especially among children, that lead to hidden hunger. Wheat is a primary food source for billions of people, but it contains low essential minerals. According to recent studies, the optimum application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers can significantly enhance the micronutrient uptake and accumulation in wheat grains.

Nitrogen at the crossroads of light: integration of light signalling and plant nitrogen metabolism.

Plants have developed complex mechanisms to perceive, transduce, and respond to environmental signals, such as light, which are essential for acquiring and allocating resources, including nitrogen (N). This review delves into the complex interaction between light signals and N metabolism, emphasizing light-mediated regulation of N uptake and assimilation. Firstly, we examine the details of light-mediated regulation of N uptake and assimilation, focusing on the light-responsive activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrate transporters.

Tetraspanin 5 orchestrates resilience to salt stress through the regulation of ion and reactive oxygen species homeostasis in rice.

Tetraspanins (TETs) are integral membrane proteins, characterized by four transmembrane domains and a unique signature motif in their large extracellular loop. They form dynamic supramolecular complexes called tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs), through interactions with partner proteins. In plants, TETs are involved in development, reproduction and immune responses, but their role in defining abiotic stress responses is largely underexplored.

Physiological Basis of Plant Growth Promotion in Rice by Rhizosphere and Endosphere Associated Streptomyces Isolates from India.

This study demonstrated the plant growth-promoting capabilities of native actinobacterial strains obtained from different regions of the rice plant, including the rhizosphere (FT1, FTSA2, FB2, and FH7) and endosphere (EB6). We delved into the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of these plant-microbe interactions by conducting a transcriptional analysis of a select group of key genes involved in phytohormone pathways. Through in vitro screening for various plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, all tested isolates exhibited positive traits for indole-3-acetic acid synthesis and siderophore production, with FT1 being the sole producer of hydrogen cyanide (HCN).

CRISPR/Cas9-induced knockout of an amino acid permease gene (AAP6) reduced Arabidopsis thaliana susceptibility to Meloidogyne incognita.

Background: Plant-parasitic root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) causes global yield loss in agri- and horticultural crops. Nematode management options rely on chemical method. However, only a handful of nematicides are commercially available.

High-quality genome elucidates its potential use in improving stress resilience and therapeutic properties of bitter gourd.

Introduction: is the closest wild species that can be crossed with an important fruit vegetable crop, , has immense medicinal value, and placed under II subclass of primary gene pool of bitter gourd. is tolerant to major biotic and abiotic stresses. Genome characterization of as a wild relative of bitter gourd will contribute to the knowledge of the gene pool available for improvement in bitter gourd.

Physiological Analysis of Source-Sink Relationship in Rice Genotypes with Contrasting Grain Yields.

Rice is a major staple food, and, hence, doubling its productivity is critical to sustain future food security. Improving photosynthesis, source-sink relationships and grain-filling mechanisms are promising traits for improvement in grain yield. To understand the source-sink relationship and grain yield, a set of contrasting rice genotypes differing in yield and biomass were studied for physiological, biochemical and gene-expression differences.

A Versatile Protocol for Efficient Transformation and Regeneration in Mega Rice Cultivar MTU1010: Optimization through Hormonal Variables.

Rice is one of the apex food crops in terms of meeting the daily calorific and dietary requirement of the majority of the world population. However, rice productivity is severely limited by various biotic and abiotic attributes, causing a severe threat to global food security. In the use of functional genomics and genome editing for the generation of trait-enhanced genotypes, it is necessary to have an efficient genetic transformation and regeneration protocol.

Nitrogen-enhanced carbon quantum dots mediated immunosensor for electrochemical detection of HER2 breast cancer biomarker.

Using nitrogen-enhanced carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) on a coated graphite sheet (GS) substrate (N-CQDs/GS), a simple strategy for the electrochemical detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a breast cancer biomarker, was investigated. The bovine serum albumin (BSA)-modified HER2 Antibody/N-CQDs/GS immunoelectrode enabled excellent activity preservation for the biosensor, while the GS electrode provided a highly stable and conducting substrate. With a linear response range of 0.

Transcriptional Regulation of Small Heat Shock Protein 17 (sHSP-17) by Transcription Factor Confers Tolerance in under Heat Stress.

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) contribute significantly to thermotolerance acclimation. Here, we identified and cloned a putative HSF gene () of 1218 nucleotide (acc. no.

Image-based phenotyping of seed architectural traits and prediction of seed weight using machine learning models in soybean.

Among seed attributes, weight is one of the main factors determining the soybean harvest index. Recently, the focus of soybean breeding has shifted to improving seed size and weight for crop optimization in terms of seed and oil yield. With recent technological advancements, there is an increasing application of imaging sensors that provide simple, real-time, non-destructive, and inexpensive image data for rapid image-based prediction of seed traits in plant breeding programs.

Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING): advances and opportunities for fast tracking crop breeding.

The intensification of food production conventional crop breeding alone is inadequate to cater for global hunger. The development of precise and expeditious high throughput reverse genetics approaches has hugely benefited modern plant breeding programs. Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING) is one such reverse genetics approach which employs chemical/physical mutagenesis to create new genetic sources and identifies superior/novel alleles.

Phenomics based prediction of plant biomass and leaf area in wheat using machine learning approaches.

Introduction: Phenomics has emerged as important tool to bridge the genotype-phenotype gap. To dissect complex traits such as highly dynamic plant growth, and quantification of its component traits over a different growth phase of plant will immensely help dissect genetic basis of biomass production. Based on RGB images, models have been developed to predict biomass recently.