Examining the Role of Sleep in Body Weight Regulation and Implications for Obesity Treatment: A Narrative Review.

Despite significant public health efforts to counter the obesity epidemic, approximately 50% of US adults will have obesity by 2030. The cornerstone of obesity treatment is a behavioral intervention promoting negative energy balance via a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity. Behavioral treatment also requires additional support to promote adherence to these recommended lifestyle changes.

Using Time-Weighted Averages of Total Daily Energy Expenditure to Estimate Energy Intake During a Weight Loss Intervention.

Objective: The doubly labeled water (DLW) intake-balance method estimates energy intake (EI) during weight loss using the time-weighted average of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and changes in body energy stores. Because TDEE declines rapidly during the early phase of weight loss, an early additional measurement is recommended. This study aimed to develop regression models that estimate time-weighted TDEE using fewer interim measurements and determine if EI accuracy is maintained during a 12-month weight loss intervention.

Effects of 4:3 Intermittent Fasting on Eating Behaviors and Appetite Hormones: A Secondary Analysis of a 12-Month Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention.

Background/objectives: Daily caloric restriction (DCR) is a common dietary weight loss strategy, but leads to metabolic and behavioral adaptations, including maladaptive eating behaviors and dysregulated appetite. Intermittent fasting (IMF) may mitigate these effects by offering diet flexibility during energy restriction. This secondary analysis compared changes in eating behaviors and appetite-related hormones between 4:3 intermittent fasting (4:3 IMF) and DCR and examined their association with weight loss over 12 months.

Exploring Strategies to Promote Exercise as a Viable Obesity and Chronic Disease Treatment.

Obesity and its related comorbidities continue to be a primary public health concern, especially in the United States (US). Such comorbidities include the top two causes of death in the US: cardiovascular disease and cancer. Obesity is also associated with several other chronic conditions that affect millions of adults and children, including diabetes, kidney, and liver disease.

Effect of physical activity on changes in weight and aerobic capacity during an 18-month behavioral weight loss intervention.

Background: The objective of this secondary analysis was to examine the effect of MVPA and the time of day that MVPA (i.e., morning vs.

Walking economy and exercise efficiency in successful weight loss maintainers.

Purpose: Following short-term weight loss, the energetic cost of transport decreases and exercise efficiency increases. Whether changes persist during long-term weight maintenance is unknown.

Methods: We compared walking economy and exercise efficiency in weight loss maintainers (WLM, maintaining ≥13.

Improving quality control procedures for the measurement of total daily energy expenditure using the two-point doubly labeled water method.

Rationale: The precision of the doubly labeled water (DLW) method is determined by the precision and accuracy of the isotopic measurements. Quality control (QC) procedures to mitigate sample variability require additional measurements if sample duplicates differ more than a factor of instrument precision. We explored the effect of widening QC ranges on total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) determined using the two-point sampling method.

Obesity.

Obesity is a common condition and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Fortunately, weight loss treatment can reduce obesity-related complications. This review summarizes the evidence-based strategies physicians can employ to identify, prevent, and treat obesity, including best practices to diagnose and counsel patients, to assess and address the burden of weight-related disease including weight stigma, to address secondary causes of weight gain, and to help patients set individualized and realistic weight loss goals and an effective treatment plan.

The effects of early time restricted eating plus daily caloric restriction compared to daily caloric restriction alone on continuous glucose levels.

Background: The median eating duration in the U.S. is 14.

The Microbiome, Epigenome, and Diet in Adults with Obesity during Behavioral Weight Loss.

Obesity has been linked to the gut microbiome, epigenome, and diet, yet these factors have not been studied together during obesity treatment. Our objective was to evaluate associations among gut microbiota (MB), DNA methylation (DNAme), and diet prior to and during a behavioral weight loss intervention. Adults ( = 47, age 40.

A pre-conception clinical trial to reduce intergenerational obesity and diabetes risks: The NDPP-NextGen trial protocol.

Background: Intrauterine exposure to maternal overweight/obesity or diabetes transmits risks to offspring, perpetuating a disease cycle across generations. Prenatal interventions to reduce maternal weight or dysglycemia have limited impact, while postpartum interventions can alter the intrauterine environment only if child-bearing continues. Efficacious preconception interventions are needed, especially for underserved populations, and with the potential to be scaled up sustainably.

High- and normal-protein diets improve body composition and glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.

Objective: Weight loss of ≥10% improves glucose control and may remit type 2 diabetes (T2D). High-protein (HP) diets are commonly used for weight loss, but whether protein sources, especially red meat, impact weight loss-induced T2D management is unknown. This trial compared an HP diet including beef and a normal-protein (NP) diet without red meat for weight loss, body composition changes, and glucose control in individuals with T2D.

Impact of the built, social, and food environment on long-term weight loss within a behavioral weight loss intervention.

Background: Behavioral weight loss interventions can lead to an average weight loss of 5%-10% of initial body weight, however there is wide individual variability in treatment response. Although built, social, and community food environments can have potential direct and indirect influences on body weight (through their influence on physical activity and energy intake), these environmental factors are rarely considered as predictors of variation in weight loss.

Objective: Evaluate the association between built, social, and community food environments and changes in weight, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and dietary intake among adults who completed an 18-month behavioral weight loss intervention.

Altered motivation states for physical activity and 'appetite' for movement as compensatory mechanisms limiting the efficacy of exercise training for weight loss.

Weight loss is a major motive for engaging in exercise, despite substantial evidence that exercise training results in compensatory responses that inhibit significant weight loss. According to the Laws of Thermodynamics and the CICO (Calories in, Calories out) model, increased exercise-induced energy expenditure (EE), in the absence of any compensatory increase in energy intake, should result in an energy deficit leading to reductions of body mass. However, the expected negative energy balance is met with both volitional and non-volitional (metabolic and behavioral) compensatory responses.

Proteomics, dietary intake, and changes in cardiometabolic health within a behavioral weight-loss intervention: A pilot study.

Objective: Identifying associations among circulating proteins, dietary intakes, and clinically relevant indicators of cardiometabolic health during weight loss may elucidate biologically relevant pathways affected by diet, allowing for an incorporation of precision nutrition approaches when designing future interventions. This study hypothesized that plasma proteins would be associated with diet and cardiometabolic health indicators within a behavioral weight-loss intervention.

Methods: This secondary data analysis included participants (n = 20, mean [SD], age: 40.

Creating an algorithm to identify indices of sleep quantity and quality from a wearable armband in adults.

Objective: To develop an algorithm to quantify indices of sleep quantity and quality using the SenseWear armband (SWA) and to compare indices of sleep from this novel algorithm to standard wrist actigraphy (Actiwatch 2; AW2) under free-living conditions.

Material And Methods: Thirty participants (47±10 years; 33.0±4.

Comparison of weight loss induced by daily caloric restriction versus intermittent fasting (DRIFT) in individuals with obesity: study protocol for a 52-week randomized clinical trial.

Background: The standard of care for treating overweight and obesity is daily caloric restriction (DCR). While this approach produces modest weight loss, adherence to DCR declines over time and weight regain is common. Intermittent fasting (IMF) is an alternative dietary strategy for reducing energy intake (EI) that involves >60% energy restriction on 2-3 days per week, or on alternate days, with habitual intake on fed days.

Effect of sleep on weight loss and adherence to diet and physical activity recommendations during an 18-month behavioral weight loss intervention.

Background/objectives: To examine the association between indices of sleep quantity and quality with dietary adherence, physical activity adherence, and weight loss during a behavioral weight loss intervention.

Methods: Adults (n = 156) with overweight and obesity (40 ± 9 years, 84% female, BMI: 34.4 ± 4.

The impact of yoga on components of energy balance in adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review.

Background: Yoga may reduce body weight in individuals with overweight or obesity, but whether this occurs through decreased energy intake (EI) or increased energy expenditure (EE)/physical activity (PA) is unclear.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsychINFO was conducted from inception until April 26, 2021. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials or single-arm pre-post studies with any type and duration of yoga intervention in adults with overweight or obesity.

Effect of Morning and Evening Exercise on Energy Balance: A Pilot Study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of randomizing adults with overweight and obesity (BMI 25-40 kg/m) to morning (06:00-10:00) or evening (15:00-19:00) aerobic exercise. Participants completed four exercise sessions per week in the morning (AM, = 18) or evening (PM, = 15). The exercise program was 15 weeks and progressed from 70 to 80% heart rate maximum and 750-2000 kcal/week.

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on weight loss in participants in a behavioral weight-loss intervention.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on weight loss, physical activity, and sleep in adults with overweight or obesity participating in a 39-week weight-loss intervention.

Methods: Participants (n = 81, 85% female, mean [SD] age 38.0 [7.

Weight loss and cystic disease progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is modified by metabolic defects and obesity. Indeed, reduced food intake slows cyst growth in preclinical rodent studies. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of daily caloric restriction (DCR) and intermittent fasting (IMF) in a cohort of overweight or obese patients with ADPKD.