Pathways for integration of body composition and energy metabolism assessments throughout the nutrition care process: Protocol for implementation planning.

Background & Aims: Body composition and energy metabolism (BC and EM) assessments inform patients' nutritional status and allow the identification, diagnosis, and management of core nutritional problems. However, a structured approach or care model for integrating these assessments into the nutrition care process is currently lacking. This manuscript describes the protocol for a planning project aimed at convening a multidisciplinary team of researchers, healthcare providers, provincial managers, and industry partners to identify a practical pathway for implementing BC methods and indirect calorimetry for EM assessment in targeted clinical settings.

Comparing Appetite and Dietary Intake Responses to Resistance Exercise in Breast Cancer Survivors Undergoing Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy Versus Individuals Without Cancer: A Secondary Analysis.

Breast cancer survivors (BCS) undergoing adjuvant endocrine therapy have increased risk of obesity. Estrogen and exercise suppress appetite in non-BCS populations, but their combined effects in BCS are unknown. This secondary analysis compared the impact of acute resistance exercise (REx) on appetite and energy intake in estrogen-suppressed BCS versus females without cancer ('non-BCS').

Integrative Field-Based Health and Performance Research: A Narrative Review on Experimental Methods and Logistics to Conduct Competition and Training Camp Studies in Athletes.

Field-based sport research involves studies that collect data from athletes and/or teams during competition and/or their daily training environments. Over the last decade, sport-specific field-based research projects have significantly increased in number and complexity, partially owing to the further development of more portable measurement equipment (e.g.

From Evidence to Practice: A Narrative Framework for Integrating the Mediterranean Diet into Inflammatory Bowel Disease Management.

Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of diet in preventing and managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As our comprehension of the microbiome's role in IBD expands, dietary modifications are increasingly recognized as potential adjuncts or primary therapeutic strategies. Key components of the Mediterranean diet (MD)-including microbiota-accessible carbohydrates, omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, and antioxidants-have demonstrated promise in enhancing gut microbiota diversity and reducing intestinal inflammation, making it a practical approach for managing IBD.

Total energy expenditure measured using doubly labeled water in adults with major chronic diseases: a systematic review.

Background: Energy requirement assessment is a cornerstone for nutrition practice. The extent to which total energy expenditure (TEE; indicator of energy requirements) has been measured in adults with chronic diseases has not been explored.

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to characterize evidence on TEE among individuals with chronic diseases and describe TEE across chronic diseases and in comparison to controls without a chronic disease.

Association Between Diabetes and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Purpose: Metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus may play a role in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PC); however, this association remains to be explored in the context of specific PC stages. The objective of this study was to systematically review the evidence for an association between diabetes and overall, early, or advanced PC risk.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL) from inception until September 2023.

The use of accelerometers to improve estimation of the thermic effect of food in whole room calorimetry studies.

We tested whether spontaneous physical activity (SPA) from accelerometers could be used in a whole room calorimeter to estimate thermic effect of food (TEF). Eleven healthy participants ( = 7 females; age: 27 ± 4 yr; body mass index: 22.8 ± 2.

The 24-hour food frequency assessment screening tool (FAST24): Development and evaluation of a novel dietary screener to identify foods associated with weight change.

Background & Aims: Brief screening questionnaires can identify 'at risk' behaviors in clinical settings. However, there is currently no screener for dietary intake specifically developed using foods associated with body weight change and increased risk for multiple chronic conditions and diseases.

Methods: We developed a novel brief dietary screener, the 24-Hour Food Frequency Assessment Screening Tool Questionnaire (FAST24), to identify intake of foods associated with weight change.

The Effects of an Acute Bout of Aerobic or Resistance Exercise on Nonexercise Physical Activity.

Introduction/purpose: A reduction in nonexercise physical activity (NEPA) after exercise may reduce the effectiveness of exercise interventions on weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity. Aerobic exercise (AEx) and resistance exercise (REx) may have different effects on NEPA. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine the effect of a single bout of AEx or REx on NEPA and sedentary behavior in inactive adults with overweight or obesity.

Total energy expenditure assessed by 24-h whole-room indirect calorimeter in patients with colorectal cancer: baseline findings from the PRIMe study.

Background: Total energy expenditure (TEE) determines energy requirements, but objective data in patients with cancer are limited.

Objectives: We aimed to characterize TEE, investigate its predictors, and compare TEE with cancer-specific predicted energy requirements.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included patients with stages II-IV colorectal cancer from the Protein Recommendation to Increase Muscle (PRIMe) trial.

Pharmacokinetics of cancer therapeutics and energy balance: the role of diet intake, energy expenditure, and body composition.

Energy balance accounts for an individual's energy intake, expenditure, and storage. Each aspect of energy balance has implications for the pharmacokinetics of cancer treatments and may impact an individual's drug exposure and subsequently its tolerance and efficacy. However, the integrated effects of diet, physical activity, and body composition on drug absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion are not yet fully understood.

Ability of Anthropometric Measurements to Predict Metabolic Health among Patients in Alberta: A Cross-sectional Study in Primary Care.

This study compared anthropometric and body fat percent (BF%) equations in relation to measures of metabolic health. BF% calculations (Bergman, Fels, and Woolcott) and anthropometric measurements were used to determine obesity among a sample of patients attending primary care in Alberta, Canada. Anthropometric variables included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist:hip ratio, waist:height ratio, and calculated BF%.

The effects of resistance exercise on appetite sensations, appetite related hormones and energy intake in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer survivors.

Appetite is a determinant of dietary intake and is impacted by sex hormones, exercise, and body composition among individuals without chronic conditions. Whether appetite is altered by exercise in the context of estrogen suppression and cancer survivorship is unknown. This randomized cross-over study compared appetite and ad libitum energy intake (EI) after acute resistance exercise (REx) versus sedentary (SED) conditions and in relation to body composition and resting metabolic rate (RMR) in breast cancer survivors (BCS).

Dietary choices after a cancer diagnosis: A narrative review.

Individuals with cancer may be motivated to make lifestyle changes and informed dietary choices, but are exposed to conflicting and erroneous nutrition information, particularly from online and social media sources. Changes to dietary choices that stem from a diagnosis of cancer are not fully understood. Thus, we conducted a narrative review to summarize the literature focused on dietary choices after a cancer diagnosis, and highlighted influential factors.

The impact of yoga on components of energy balance in adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review.

Background: Yoga may reduce body weight in individuals with overweight or obesity, but whether this occurs through decreased energy intake (EI) or increased energy expenditure (EE)/physical activity (PA) is unclear.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsychINFO was conducted from inception until April 26, 2021. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials or single-arm pre-post studies with any type and duration of yoga intervention in adults with overweight or obesity.

Effect of Morning and Evening Exercise on Energy Balance: A Pilot Study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of randomizing adults with overweight and obesity (BMI 25-40 kg/m) to morning (06:00-10:00) or evening (15:00-19:00) aerobic exercise. Participants completed four exercise sessions per week in the morning (AM, = 18) or evening (PM, = 15). The exercise program was 15 weeks and progressed from 70 to 80% heart rate maximum and 750-2000 kcal/week.

Body Composition and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.

Body composition parameters are not captured by measures of body mass, which may explain inconsistent associations between body weight and prostate cancer (PC) risk. The objective of this systematic review was to characterize the association between fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) parameters and PC risk. A search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science identified case-control and cohort studies that measured body composition in relation to PC risk.

Dietary Intake and Energy Expenditure in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Review.

Many breast cancer survivors (BCS) gain fat mass and lose fat-free mass during treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, surgery) and estrogen suppression therapy, which increases the risk of developing comorbidities. Whether these body composition alterations are a result of changes in dietary intake, energy expenditure, or both is unclear. Thus, we reviewed studies that have measured components of energy balance in BCS who have completed treatment.

Prevalence of Sarcopenic Obesity Using Different Definitions and the Relationship With Strength and Physical Performance in the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Sarcopenic obesity is associated with several negative health outcomes. However, the prevalence of this condition - and the relationship to physical performance parameters - varies across definitions. The aim of this cross-sectional investigation was to describe the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity using different published definitions and their relationship with handgrip strength and walking speed in older Canadian adults.

Accuracy of the MedGem® portable indirect calorimeter for measuring resting energy expenditure in adults with class II or III obesity.

Background And Aims: The accuracy of some portable indirect calorimeters in estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) - and hence energy recommendations - among pre-bariatric patients is unknown. Our objective was to assess the accuracy of the MedGem® among individuals with class II or III obesity awaiting bariatric surgery.

Methods: Male and female adults who were awaiting bariatric surgery were recruited to this cross-sectional study.

Accuracy and reliability of a portable indirect calorimeter compared to whole-body indirect calorimetry for measuring resting energy expenditure.

Background/objectives: Resting energy expenditure (REE) is the largest component of total energy expenditure. As such, inaccurate estimation or measurement of REE may impact the development of individualized energy intake recommendations. The objective of this observational study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of REE measured with a portable indirect calorimeter with ventilated hood - Fitmate GS - compared to REE from whole-body indirect calorimetry (WBC).

Nutrition interventions to treat low muscle mass in cancer.

Many patients with cancer experience poor nutritional status, which detrimentally impacts clinical outcomes. Poor nutritional status in cancer is primarily manifested by severe muscle mass (MM) depletion, which may occur at any stage (from curative to palliative) and often co-exists with obesity. The objective of this article was to discuss gaps and opportunities related to the role of nutrition in preventing and reversing low MM in cancer.