Abscisic Acid Can Play a Dual Role in the - Pathosystem.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is not only important for plant responses to abiotic stresses, but also plays a key and multifaceted role in plant immunity. In this work, we analyzed the role of ABA in the development of resistance/susceptibility in the wheat ( L.)- Berk.

The Role of Cytokinins and Abscisic Acid in the Growth, Development and Virulence of the Pathogenic Fungus (Berk.).

Cytokinins (CKs) and abscisic acid (ABA) play an important role in the life of both plants and pathogenic fungi. However, the role of CKs and ABA in the regulation of fungal growth, development and virulence has not been sufficiently studied. We compared the ability of two virulent isolates (SnB and Sn9MN-3A) and one avirulent isolate (Sn4VD) of the pathogenic fungus Berk.

Virulence Factors of the Fungal Pathogen Manipulate Hormonal Signaling Pathways in L. by Regulating Host Plant MicroRNA Expressions.

Background: Currently, the role of microRNAs in plant immune responses is being actively studied. Thus, our aim was to research the effect of (Berk.) NEs SnToxA and SnTox3 on the expression of miRNAs involved in the wheat- interaction and to determine the role of phytohormones in this process.

26D Triggers Induced Systemic Resistance against L. by Regulating the Expression of Genes , and microRNA in Bread Spring Wheat.

26D is a plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria capable of inducing systemic resistance through the priming mechanism, which includes plant genome reprogramming and the phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi) and microRNA (miRNAs). The phloem-feeding insect bird cherry-oat aphid L. is a serious pest that causes significant damage to crops throughout the world.

The Contribution of Hormonal Changes to the Protective Effect of Endophytic Bacterium on Two Wheat Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Sensitivities under Osmotic Stress.

A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of seed priming with endophytic bacterium 10-4 (BS) on the hormonal system and cell wall tolerance (lipid peroxidation (LPO), electrolyte leakage (EL), and root lignin deposition) of two L. (wheat) varieties with contrasting drought sensitivities (Ekada 70-drought-tolerant (DT); Salavat Yulaev-drought-sensitive (DS)) under normal conditions and 12% polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG)-induced osmotic stress. The results showed that under normal conditions, the growth stimulation in wheat plants by BS was attributed to changes in the hormonal balance, particularly an increase in endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) accumulation.

Additive Effect of the Composition of Endophytic Bacteria on Systemic Resistance of Wheat against Greenbug Aphid Due to Lipopeptides.

The use of biocontrol agents based on endophytic bacteria against phloem-feeding insects is limited by a lack of knowledge and understanding of the mechanism of action of the endophyte community that makes up the plant microbiome. In this work, the mechanisms of the additive action of endophytic strains 26D and 11VM on the resistance of bread spring wheat against greenbug aphid was studied. It was shown that 26D secreted lipopeptide surfactin and phytohormones cytokinins, and 11VM produced iturin and auxins into the cultivation medium.

By Modulating the Hormonal Balance and Ribonuclease Activity of Tomato Plants Induces Defense Response against Potato Virus X and Potato Virus Y.

Endophytic plant-growth-promoting microorganisms can protect plants against pathogens, but they have rarely been investigated as potential biocontrol agents and triggers of induced systemic resistance (ISR), regulated by phytohormones, against viruses. We studied the role of endophytic strains 26D and Ttl2, which secrete ribonucleases and phytohormones, in the induction of tomato plant resistance against potato virus X and potato virus Y in a greenhouse condition. The endophytes reduced the accumulation of viruses in plants, increased the activity of plant ribonucleases and recovered the fruit yield of infected tomato plants.

Reactive Oxygen Species in Host Plant Are Required for an Early Defense Response against Attack of Berk. Necrotrophic Effectors SnTox.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in plant immune responses. The most important virulence factors of the Berk. are multiple fungal necrotrophic effectors (NEs) (SnTox) that affect the redox-status and cause necrosis and/or chlorosis in wheat lines possessing dominant susceptibility genes ().

Endophytic Strain 26D Increases Levels of Phytohormones and Repairs Growth of Potato Plants after Colorado Potato Beetle Damage.

Plant damage caused by defoliating insects has a long-term negative effect on plant growth and productivity. Consequently, the restoration of plant growth after exposure to pathogens or pests is the main indicator of the effectiveness of the implemented defense reactions. A short-term Say attack on potato tube-grown plantlets ( L.

Ethylene-Cytokinin Interaction Determines Early Defense Response of Wheat against Berk.

Ethylene, salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid are the key phytohormones involved in plant immunity, and other plant hormones have been demonstrated to interact with them. The classic phytohormone cytokinins are important participants of plant defense signaling. Crosstalk between ethylene and cytokinins has not been sufficiently studied as an aspect of plant immunity and is addressed in the present research.

Endophytic spp. as a Prospective Biological Tool for Control of Viral Diseases and Non-vector Say. in L.

Viral diseases and their damage causing significant loss to economically important crops have increased by several folds during the last decade. All the conventional approaches are not able to eradicate the viral infection. Therefore, there is a need to look for efficient and eco-friendly viral disease-preventive measures.

Mechanisms of Plant Tolerance to RNA Viruses Induced by Plant-Growth-Promoting Microorganisms.

Plant viruses are globally responsible for the significant crop losses of economically important plants. All common approaches are not able to eradicate viral infection. Many non-conventional strategies are currently used to control viral infection, but unfortunately, they are not always effective.

The ARGOS-LIKE genes of Arabidopsis and tobacco as targets for improving plant productivity and stress tolerance.

A small family of ARGOS genes encodes transmembrane proteins that act as negative regulators of ethylene signaling. Recent studies show that ARGOS genes are involved in the regulation of plant growth under the influence of stress factors. However, the role of ARGOS genes in this process is poorly known.

Regulation of oncogene expression in T-DNA-transformed host plant cells.

Virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains integrate their T-DNA into the plant genome where the encoded agrobacterial oncogenes are expressed and cause crown gall disease. Essential for crown gall development are IaaH (indole-3-acetamide hydrolase), IaaM (tryptophan monooxygenase) and Ipt (isopentenyl transferase), which encode enzymes for the biosynthesis of auxin (IaaH, IaaM) and cytokinin (Ipt). Although these oncogenes are well studied as the tumor-inducing principle, nothing is known about the regulation of oncogene expression in plant cells.

Involvement of root ABA and hydraulic conductivity in the control of water relations in wheat plants exposed to increased evaporative demand.

We studied the possible involvement of ABA in the control of water relations under conditions of increased evaporative demand. Warming the air by 3°C increased stomatal conductance and raised transpiration rates of hydroponically grown Triticum durum plants while bringing about a temporary loss of relative water content (RWC) and immediate cessation of leaf extension. However, both RWC and extension growth recovered within 30 min although transpiration remained high.

The effect of root cooling on hormone content, leaf conductance and root hydraulic conductivity of durum wheat seedlings (Triticum durum L.).

Root cooling of 7-day-old wheat seedlings decreased root hydraulic conductivity causing a gradual loss of relative water content during 45 min (RWC). Subsequently (in 60 min), RWC became partially restored due to a decrease in transpiration linked to lower stomatal conductivity. The decrease in stomatal conductivity cannot be attributed to ABA-induced stomatal closure, since no increase in ABA content in the leaves or in the concentration in xylem sap or delivery of ABA from roots was found.

Development of Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58-induced plant tumors and impact on host shoots are controlled by a cascade of jasmonic acid, auxin, cytokinin, ethylene and abscisic acid.

The development of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced plant tumors primarily depends on the excessive production of auxin and cytokinin by enzymes encoded on T-DNA genes integrated into the plant genome. The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of additional phytohormone signals in the vascularization required for rapid tumor proliferation. In stem tumors of Ricinus communis L.