APOE ε4 Carriage is Associated with Hippocampus-Olfactory Tract Functional Connectivity.

Olfactory dysfunction often emerges before cognitive symptoms and may signal early vulnerability to neurodegenerative processes. This study examined whether genetic risk, specifically the presence of the epsilon 4 allele in apolipoprotein E, is associated with altered functional connectivity between the hippocampus and olfactory-related brain regions. Resting-state functional imaging data from 126 participants (mean age = 71.

Comparative efficacy and safety of daridorexant, lemborexant, and suvorexant for insomnia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: In order to appraise the risk-benefit balance of the three available dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs; daridorexant, lemborexant, and suvorexant) for the management of adults with insomnia, we conducted a systematic review and random-effects model network meta-analysis.

Methods: Included were all published double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of these agents. Outcomes included subjective time to sleep onset at month 1 (sTSO, primary), subjective total sleep time at month 1 (sTST, co-primary), subjective wake after sleep onset at month 1, Insomnia Severity Index scores at month 1, all-cause discontinuation, discontinuation due to adverse events, and the incidence of individual adverse events such as somnolence, dizziness, falls, headache, nasopharyngitis, and upper respiratory tract infection.

Theta Burst Stimulation Protocols for Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Importance: To date, several theta burst stimulation (TBS) protocols, such as intermittent TBS (iTBS), have been proposed; however, previous systematic reviews have revealed inconsistent efficacy findings in individual TBS studies for schizophrenia.

Objective: To examine which TBS protocols are associated with the most favorable and acceptable outcomes in adults with schizophrenia.

Data Sources: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched for studies published before May 22, 2024.

Functional connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex in autism spectrum disorder.

The purpose of this study was to assess the functional connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) brain scans of adolescents diagnosed with ASD and a neurotypical control group. The Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) consortium was utilized to acquire data from the University of Michigan (145 subjects) and data from the New York University (183 subjects).

White matter diffusion estimates in obsessive-compulsive disorder across 1653 individuals: machine learning findings from the ENIGMA OCD Working Group.

White matter pathways, typically studied with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), have been implicated in the neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, due to limited sample sizes and the predominance of single-site studies, the generalizability of OCD classification based on diffusion white matter estimates remains unclear. Here, we tested classification accuracy using the largest OCD DTI dataset to date, involving 1336 adult participants (690 OCD patients and 646 healthy controls) and 317 pediatric participants (175 OCD patients and 142 healthy controls) from 18 international sites within the ENIGMA OCD Working Group.

Prevalence of hearing loss in college students: a meta-analysis.

Introduction: Hearing loss among college students, specifically noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), appears to be increasing. This may be particularly challenging for this population as college students are required to listen to lectures in classrooms that may have suboptimal listening environments. College-aged musicians are at a particularly high risk due to repeated and extended exposure to loud noise.

Food go/no-go training alters neural circuits for food evaluation for appetite reduction.

Food go/no-go training has been traditionally categorized as a type of inhibitory training that decreases the desire for high-calorie food consumption. This training requires participants to either respond or withhold their responses to presented items with go cues or food items with no-go cues, respectively. Recent findings have suggested that this training may devalue food items associated with no-go cues instead of facilitating inhibitory control, leading to reduced food consumption.

Pragmatic Deficits in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: While poorer pragmatic language skills have been found in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) populations, there has been no conclusive evidence of this. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of pragmatic language abilities in ADHD populations to definitively demonstrate the extent of pragmatic language deficits in these populations as compared to typically developing (TD) populations.

Methods: Studies were identified using the search terms ((attention deficit) OR (adhd)) AND (pragmatics), and those studies were screened and reviewed for inclusion criteria, descriptive information, and outcome variables in order to conduct a meta-analysis.

Arcuate Fasciculus Microstructure Predicts Alcohol Dependence Risk through Higher IQ.

IQ has been found to correlate with alcohol consumption, with a higher IQ being a risk for alcohol misuse. Furthermore, recent research has shown that the microstructure of the arcuate fasciculus is associated with IQ. This study therefore aimed to examine the association between the arcuate fasciculus microstructure, IQ, and alcohol dependence risk.

Antidepressants for the treatment of adults with major depressive disorder in the maintenance phase: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

A systematic review and random-effects model network meta-analysis were conducted to compare the efficacy, acceptability, tolerability, and safety of antidepressants to treat adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) in the maintenance phase. This study searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases and included only double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials with an enrichment design: patients were stabilized on the antidepressant of interest during the open-label study and then randomized to receive the same antidepressant or placebo. The outcomes were the 6-month relapse rate (primary outcome, efficacy), all-cause discontinuation (acceptability), discontinuation due to adverse events (tolerability), and the incidence of individual adverse events.

Sleep duration is associated with Caudate volume and executive function.

The ineligible role of the caudate nucleus in sleep has been implicated. Previous literature showed that the caudate volume is associated with longer habitual sleep duration in older adults. However, the association between sleep duration and caudate volume remains unknown in the younger population.

Hippocampal Functional Connectivity in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: While the hippocampus is not part of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, influence of Parkinson's disease (PD) on the hippocampus has been consistently implicated. However, it is not clear how the hippocampal changes contribute to the pathology of PD.

Objectives: We aimed to elucidate the physiological changes of the hippocampus in its orchestration with the rest of the brain.

Disrupted functional connectivity of the primary auditory cortex in autism.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been found to influence hearing and sensory integration, while brain functional connectivity in ASD has been repeatedly shown to be atypical. However, functional connectivity of the auditory cortex in ASD has not been well studied. In the current study, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data, provided by the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE), to examine functional connectivity of the primary auditory cortex in ASD.

The interhemispheric auditory white matter tract is associated with impulsivity.

The association between auditory processing and impulsivity has been consistently shown. However, the exact mechanism and pathological relations are not clear. The bilateral auditory cortices are interhemispherically connected through the corpus callosum.

Disrupted functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and posterior cingulate cortex in autism spectrum disorder.

Objectives: Dysfunctions in the basal ganglia have been repeatedly found in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) is known for its central role in social functions and also in its abnormality in ASD. In this study, whole-brain functional connectivity of the NAcc was examined to isolate brain regions that are differently connected to the NAcc in autism, using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data.

The human raphe-hippocampal tract and affective sensitivity: a probabilistic tractography study.

Serotonergic system plays critical roles in modulating affective control. The raphe nucleus has been known to be the origin of forebrain 5-HT afferents. Specifically, the Raphe-Hippocampal projection has been shown to modulate affective sensitivity in rodents.

Pharmacological treatment for bipolar mania: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials.

A systematic review and random-effects model network meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy, acceptability, tolerability, and safety of pharmacological interventions for adults with acute bipolar mania. We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase databases for eligible studies published before March 14, 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of oral medication monotherapy lasting ≥10 days in adults with mania were included, and studies that allowed the use of antipsychotics as a rescue medication during a trial were excluded.

Efficacy and safety of antipsychotic treatments for schizophrenia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials in Japan.

Background: We examined the efficacy and safety of using antipsychotic medication for schizophrenia using only randomized trials of antipsychotic for schizophrenia conducted in Japan to avoid the biological and environmental heterogeneities caused by pooling data from various races and ethnicities.

Methods: We searched for eligible studies on Embase, PubMed, and CENTRAL. Primary outcomes were improvement in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score (PANSS-T) and all-cause discontinuation.

Estimation of Dynamic Bivariate Correlation Using a Weighted Graph Algorithm.

Dynamic correlation is the correlation between two time series across time. Two approaches that currently exist in neuroscience literature for dynamic correlation estimation are the sliding window method and dynamic conditional correlation. In this paper, we first show the limitations of these two methods especially in the presence of extreme values.

Mood stabilizers and/or antipsychotics for bipolar disorder in the maintenance phase: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

We searched Embase, PubMed, and CENTRAL from inception until 22 May 2020 to investigate which antipsychotics and/or mood stabilizers are better for patients with bipolar disorder in the maintenance phase. We performed two categorical network meta-analyses. The first included monotherapy studies and studies in which the two drugs used were specified (i.