Single-neuron projectome reveals organization of somatosensory ascending pathways in the mouse brain.

Relay of multimodal somatosensory information from the spinal cord to the brain is critical for sensory perception, but the underlying circuit organization remains unclear. We have reconstructed mouse cervical spinal projection neurons at single-cell resolution and identified 19 projectome-defined subtypes exhibiting diverse projection patterns. We also reconstructed the brain-wide axonal projections of central relay neurons that receive direct spinal inputs at the single-cell resolution.

Magnetic field treatment-induced multi-scale structural changes in starch within potato pulp-enriched dough: Impact on pasting and digestion properties.

This study evaluated the regulatory mechanism of a 4 mT magnetic field on starch granules separated from dough with a 40 % potato pulp substitution (SDPP-4 mT). It was found that the magnetic field treatment not only promoted amylose precipitation and molecular rearrangement in the starch but also significantly enhanced the viscoelastic properties, increased the elastic modulus, and adjusted the cross-link spacing. Additionally, the magnetic field increased the swelling power (from 11.

Distinct Roles of Dopamine Receptor Subtypes in the Nucleus Accumbens during Itch Signal Processing.

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurons, which are well known for their central roles in reward and motivation-related behaviors, have been shown to participate in itch processing via their projection to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, the functional roles of different dopamine receptor subtypes in subregions of the NAc during itch processing remain unknown. With pharmacological approaches, we found that the blockade of dopamine D1 receptors (D1R), but not dopamine D2 receptors (D2R), in the lateral shell (LaSh) of the NAc impaired pruritogen-induced scratching behavior in male mice.

External intervention model with direct and indirect propagation behaviors on social media platforms.

A significant distinction between the COVID-19 pandemic and previous pandemics is the significant role of social media platforms in shaping public adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions and vaccine acceptance. However, with the recurrence of the epidemic, the conflict between epidemic prevention and production recovery has become increasingly prominent on social media. To help design effective communication strategies to guide public opinion, we propose a susceptible-forwarding-immune pseudo-environment (SFI-PE) dynamic model for understanding the environment with direct and indirect propagation behaviors.

Synaptic control of spinal GRPR neurons by local and long-range inhibitory inputs.

Spinal gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-expressing (GRPR) neurons play an essential role in itch signal processing. However, the circuit mechanisms underlying the modulation of spinal GRPR neurons by direct local and long-range inhibitory inputs remain elusive. Using viral tracing and electrophysiological approaches, we dissected the neural circuits underlying the inhibitory control of spinal GRPR neurons.

Dynamics and Functional Role of Dopaminergic Neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area during Itch Processing.

Itchiness triggers a strong urge to engage in scratching behavior, which could lead to severe skin or tissue damage in patients with chronic itch. This process is dynamically modulated. However, the neural mechanisms underlying itch modulation remain largely unknown.