Prediction tool for discharge disposition and 30-day readmission using electronic health records among patients hospitalized for traumatic brain injury.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common and complex neurological conditions. Many TBI patients require ongoing rehabilitation beyond acute care, making treatment and discharge decisions critical. While individual risk factors for TBI outcomes are known, integrating comprehensive electronic health record (EHR) data into practical, validated prediction tools for personalized discharge planning and readmission risk assessment remains a key challenge.

Western performance horses with fetlock lameness demonstrate radiographic evidence of chronic exercise remodelling.

Background: Pathological changes of the fetlock joint are well documented in Thoroughbreds, but little information is available describing the common radiographic findings in western performance horses with fetlock lameness.

Objectives: To describe radiographic findings in western performance horses with fetlock lameness. It was hypothesised that the degree of lameness would correlate with the severity of radiographic findings.

Evaluation of the effect of cannabidiol administration with and without nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in dogs with mobility disorders: a prospective, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study.

Introduction: With rapidly growing interest in the use of cannabidiol (CBD) in the management of pain and other conditions, more information is needed on the safety and efficacy of this supplement, particularly its co-administration with commonly used pharmaceuticals such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This study sought to assess the effect of CBD in dogs with mobility impairments, as well as evaluate the clinical tolerance of CBD used together with NSAIDs.

Materials And Methods: Forty-two client-owned dogs with diagnosed mobility impairments were enrolled in this prospective, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study.

Bayesian Methods for Information Borrowing in Basket Trials: An Overview.

Basket trials allow simultaneous evaluation of a single therapy across multiple cancer types or subtypes of the same cancer. Since the same treatment is tested across all baskets, it may be desirable to borrow information across them to improve the statistical precision and power in estimating and detecting the treatment effects in different baskets. We review recent developments in Bayesian methods for the design and analysis of basket trials, focusing on the mechanism of information borrowing.

Substantial variability exists in the interpretation of survey radiographs among equine veterinarians.

Background: Radiographs are a common diagnostic tool utilised during pre-purchase examinations, yet differences surround their interpretation among equine veterinarians.

Objectives: (1) To determine veterinarians' subjective impressions of a spectrum of radiographic abnormalities regarding suitability for purchase; (2) To determine how veterinarians' years in practice, primary discipline or board certification status influence their subjective impression of radiographic abnormalities, and (3) To determine how horses' discipline, current level of work (working at intended level vs. future prospect) and buyer intent (sell vs.

Use of a novel shockwave trode results in better patient acceptance in awake canine patients treated for musculoskeletal disease.

Introduction: Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is used as a treatment option for several musculoskeletal pathologies in dogs. When performing ESWT using electrohydraulic devices, sedation is commonly recommended due to the noise and discomfort associated with the treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the tolerance of ESWT delivered by a standard or novel trode in awake canine patients with musculoskeletal disease.

Contrast administration via ultrasound-guided injection of the cranial tibial artery results in contrast enhancement of the soft tissues of the metatarsus in horses undergoing CT.

Delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) via intravascular techniques to treat diffuse and/or inaccessible soft tissue injuries has grown in popularity. The purpose of the current prospective, analytical pilot study was to utilize CT to validate this novel technique and provide additional evidence to support its use for injectate delivery to specific soft tissue structures. Of particular interest was the proximal suspensory ligament, which presents a challenging injection target.

A Tutorial on Modern Bayesian Methods in Clinical Trials.

Clinical trials continue to be the gold standard for evaluating new medical technologies. New advancements in modern computation power have led to increasing interest in Bayesian methods. Despite the multiple benefits of Bayesian approaches, application to clinical trials has been limited.

The effect of femoral component valgus/varus angle on the mid-term efficacy of unicondylar knee arthroplasty.

Objective: To investigate the effect of femoral component valgus/varus angle (FCVA) on the mid-term outcome after unicondylar knee arthroplasty.

Methods: Patients who underwent unicompartmental knee replacement in the Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, were retrospectively analyzed. According to the postoperative femoral prosthesis internal and external rotation angle, patients were divided into six groups the postoperative femoral prosthesis internal and external rotation angle: standard group, mildly abnormal group.

Biomechanical and histological changes secondary to aging in the human rotator cuff: A preliminary analysis.

The high failure rate of rotator cuff repair surgeries is positively correlated with age, yet the biomechanical changes to the tendons of the rotator cuff with age have not been described. As such, we sought to benchmark and characterize the biomechanical and histopathological properties with the accompanying gene expression of human rotator cuff tendons as a function of age and histopathological degeneration. All four rotator cuff tendons from fresh human cadaver shoulders underwent biomechanical, histopathological, and gene expression analyses.

Hydrogen Sulfide Promotes Osteogenesis by Modulating Macrophage Polarization.

Macrophages, a versatile subset of immune cells, are essential for successful bone repair. Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a gasotransmitter associated with tissue development and repair. Emerging evidence demonstrates that HS is involved in bone formation under physiology condition and bone regeneration under pathology condition.

Modified Alendronate Mitigates Mechanical Degradation of the Rotator Cuff in an Osteoporotic Ovine Model.

Background: Osteoporosis is an independent risk factor for failure after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Since rerupture rates after rotator cuff repair are associated with decreased bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture, adaptations of biomechanical properties of the rotator cuff enthesis in patients with osteoporosis remain unclear. Additionally, the effects of osteogenic therapy carrier drugs used for the treatment of osteoporosis on rotator cuff structure and properties have not been previously documented.

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Suspensory Ligament in Quarter Horses Used for Cutting.

Ultrasound remains a mainstay in proximal suspensory ligament (PSL) evaluation. Despite recent improvements facilitating earlier diagnosis/treatment, needs exist for (1) characterization of normal ultrasonographic PSL cross-sectional area (CSA) in specific breeds/disciplines, (2) improved detection of early/subtle changes in the PSL, and (3) an understanding of suspensory ligament (SL) morphology change from work-related stress. The objectives of this study were to establish normal PSL CSA in Quarter Horses (QH) used for cutting via angle contrast ultrasonography, ultrasonographically monitor SL morphology as horses progress through training, and assess the impact of PSL disease on performance (Lifetime Earnings - $LTE).

Tracking the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 with a time-varying coefficient state-space model.

The spread of COVID-19 has been greatly impacted by regulatory policies and behavior patterns that vary across counties, states, and countries. Population-level dynamics of COVID-19 can generally be described using a set of ordinary differential equations, but these deterministic equations are insufficient for modeling the observed case rates, which can vary due to local testing and case reporting policies and nonhomogeneous behavior among individuals. To assess the impact of population mobility on the spread of COVID-19, we have developed a novel Bayesian time-varying coefficient state-space model for infectious disease transmission.

m A demethylase ALKBH5 drives denervation-induced muscle atrophy by targeting HDAC4 to activate FoxO3 signalling.

Background: Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common clinical manifestation of various neurotrauma and neurological diseases. In addition to the treatment of primary neuropathies, it is a clinical condition that should be investigated. FoxO3 activation is an indispensable mechanism in denervation-induced muscle atrophy; however, upstream factors that control FoxO3 expression and activity have not been fully elucidated.

The Ci3+3 design for dual-agent combination dose-finding clinical trials.

We propose a rule-based statistical design for combination dose-finding trials with two agents. The Ci3 + 3 design is an extension of the i3 + 3 design with simple up-and-down decision rules comparing the observed toxicity rates and equivalence intervals that define the maximum tolerated dose combination. Ci3 + 3 consists of two stages to allow fast and efficient exploration of the dose-combination space.

Incorporating external data into the analysis of clinical trials via Bayesian additive regression trees.

Most clinical trials involve the comparison of a new treatment to a control arm (eg, the standard of care) and the estimation of a treatment effect. External data, including historical clinical trial data and real-world observational data, are commonly available for the control arm. With proper statistical adjustments, borrowing information from external data can potentially reduce the mean squared errors of treatment effect estimates and increase the power of detecting a meaningful treatment effect.

Magnesium supplementation enhances mTOR signalling to facilitate myogenic differentiation and improve aged muscle performance.

Magnesium (Mg), as an essential mineral, supports and sustains the health and activity of the organs of the human body. Despite some clinical evidence on the association of Mg deficiency with muscle regeneration dysfunction and sarcopenia in older-aged individuals, there is no consensus on the action mode and molecular mechanism by which Mg influences aged muscle size and function. Here, we identified the appropriate Mg environment that promotes the myogenic differentiation and myotube hypertrophy in both C2C12 myoblast and primary aged muscle stem cell (MuSC).

A Semiparametric Bayesian Approach to Dropout in Longitudinal Studies with Auxiliary Covariates.

We develop a semiparametric Bayesian approach to missing outcome data in longitudinal studies in the presence of auxiliary covariates. We consider a joint model for the full data response, missingness and auxiliary covariates. We include auxiliary covariates to "move" the missingness "closer" to missing at random (MAR).

Semiparametric Bayesian inference for the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 with a state-space model.

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic affecting over 200 countries and regions. Inference about the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 can provide important insights into the speed of disease spread and the effects of mitigation policies. We develop a novel Bayesian approach to such inference based on a probabilistic compartmental model using data of daily confirmed COVID-19 cases.

The design of an "H" joystick for closed reduction and its application in segmental and comminuted femoral shaft fractures: an innovative technique.

Background: Closed reduction and locked intramedullary nailing has become a common surgical method in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures. Overlap and rotation displacements can usually be corrected through the use of an orthopedic traction table. However, lateral displacement and angulation persist.

RoBoT: a robust Bayesian hypothesis testing method for basket trials.

A basket trial in oncology encompasses multiple "baskets" that simultaneously assess one treatment in multiple cancer types or subtypes. It is well-recognized that hierarchical modeling methods, which adaptively borrow strength across baskets, can improve over simple pooling and stratification. We propose a novel Bayesian method, RoBoT (Robust Bayesian Hypothesis Testing), for the data analysis and decision-making in phase II basket trials.

Meta-analysis of differences in Constant-Murley scores for three mid-shaft clavicular fracture treatments.

There is no consensus on the optimal treatment for mid-shaft clavicular fracture. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness of non-operative treatment, plate fixation, and intramedullary pin fixation in terms of the Constant-Murley Score (CMS) for treatment of mid-shaft clavicular fracture. Comprehensive search of the Embase, Cochrane Library and PubMed was conducted to retrieve relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs).