Indolicidin derivatives as potent dual-action antifungal and antibacterial agents for the treatment of skin infections: A comprehensive study from in vitro to in vivo evaluation.

As listed by the WHO, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, particularly Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, highlights the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents. In parallel, fungal infections, especially those caused by Candida albicans, have also become increasingly prevalent and clinically challenging, further emphasizing the necessity for broad-spectrum therapeutic strategies. In particular, skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) caused by these bacteria and fungal are common in humans and can lead to severe complications if left untreated.

Perceptions of justice actors on juvenile fundamental rights and rehabilitation in Vietnam: findings from a multi-institutional survey.

This study explores the perceptions of justice and governance professionals in Vietnam regarding the protection of fundamental rights and the implementation of community-based reintegration measures for juvenile offenders. Drawing on a cross-sectional survey of 285 respondents-including police officers, prosecutors, legal aid providers, commune officials, and other local-level actors-the research investigates three key dimensions: the perceived objectives of juvenile justice, support for a specialized juvenile justice system, and the perceived necessity of 22 child-centered, community-based interventions aimed at rehabilitation and recidivism prevention. The findings reveal strong overall support for rehabilitative and educational goals over punitive approaches.

Impacts of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Mental Health and Satisfaction With Life in First-Year College Students: Results From a Cross-Sectional Study in Vietnam.

Objective: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) represent a major public health concern, exerting profound and lasting effects on physical and mental health. However, the burden and specific impacts of ACEs among university students-a population undergoing significant developmental transitions-remain limited. This study aims to address this gap by exploring the prevalence of ACEs and their associations with mental health outcomes and life satisfaction among first-year university students in Vietnam.

Relationship Between Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and the Severity of Coronary Artery Lesions: A Case-Control Study.

Introduction: The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is an important metric for evaluating arterial stiffness (AS). In this study, we used cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) to predict CAD severity of coronary artery lesions.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted between October 2019 and December 2022.

Doppler-Guided Haemorrhoidal Artery Ligation and Rectoanal Repair (HAL-RAR): An Institutional Experience.

: Doppler-guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation with rectoanal repair (HAL-RAR) is a minimally invasive alternative to conventional haemorrhoidectomy. While associated with reduced postoperative pain and quicker recovery, data on its safety, recurrence rates, and applicability across haemorrhoid grades remain limited, particularly in Australian settings. : A retrospective review was conducted on 128 consecutive patients who underwent elective HAL-RAR at a single institution between February 2022 and December 2024.

Clinical and Safety Outcomes Following Endovascular Treatment For Large Ischemic Core Stroke With Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score 3-5 in the 12-24-Hour Time Window.

Introduction: Although efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment (EVT) for large-core ischemic stroke have been proven, most trials used perfusion imaging or included early-window patients, limiting generalizability to the late window, particularly in developing countries.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the safety and functional outcomes of EVT in large-core stroke patients treated between 12-24 hours (late window) from last known well (LKW).

Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicenter observational study across four comprehensive stroke centers in Vietnam, enrolling consecutive patients who underwent EVT within 24 hours of symptom onset between August 2023 and September 2024.

Store-operated calcium entry facilitates LPS-induced superoxide anion-dependent macrophage extracellular traps.

Macrophage extracellular traps (METs) represent a recently discovered complex defence mechanism that is distinct from phagocytosis and involves the release of DNA and antibacterial proteins. They play an important role in pathogen removal, and calcium ions (Ca) have also been reported to be involved. In the present study, we identified METotic cells using digitonin as an alternative to Triton X-100, coupled with immunofluorescence staining using lamin antibodies.

Simulation, synthesis, and characterization of Ni-Co and its co-doping in ZnO for energy applications.

Pristine ZnO, ZnO doped with nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and their co-doped form (NiCo) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized the sol-gel method to explore their potential for energy-related applications. The structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of the prepared samples were systematically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), photoluminescence (PL), and UV-vis spectroscopy. The XRD analysis confirmed that all samples retained a hexagonal wurtzite structure, with minor peak shifts indicating successful incorporation of dopant ions into the ZnO lattice.

The Effect of 12-Week e-Cigarette Use on Smoking Abstinence at 1 Year: The E3 Trial.

Background: The current evidence regarding the long-term efficacy of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) for smoking cessation is unclear.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of nicotine and non-nicotine e-cigarettes for smoking cessation in the general population.

Methods: We randomized 376 adults who smoked ≥10 cigarettes/day and were motivated to quit at 17 Canadian sites to 12 weeks of nicotine (15 mg/mL) e-cigarettes (n = 128), non-nicotine e-cigarettes (n = 127), or no e-cigarettes (n = 121).

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-to-albumin ratio as a prognostic marker for mortality in sepsis and septic shock in Vietnam.

Background: Sepsis and septic shock are life-threatening global health challenges associated with high mortality rates. Early identification of high-risk patients is critical for improving outcomes. In the present study, the association between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-to-albumin ratio (NLAR) and mortality in septic patients was evaluated.

Sodium Glucose Cotransporter Inhibition in Acute Heart Failure: An In-Depth Review.

Inhibitors of the sodium glucose cotransporters were initially developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes but have since been shown to provide many benefits in heart failure, especially in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Already an established and foundational therapy for HFrEF, many uncertainties remain with respect to the use and initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors in hospitalized settings and in sicker individuals. Unfortunately, clear guidance or guidelines on this topic is lacking, but over the past few years, several trials have come out attempting to answer this question.

Invasive Syndrome with Liver Abscess and Endogenous Endophthalmitis.

Background: Invasive Klebsiella syndrome is an emerging infectious condition that frequently involves pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) and metastatic complications such as endogenous endophthalmitis (EE). This condition is often associated with diabetes mellitus and can result in poor visual prognosis despite treatment.

Case Description: We present the case of a 53-year-old diabetic female who developed EE secondary to a Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess.

Factors influencing adoption of self-monitoring of blood pressure among hypertensive patients in primary healthcare in Vietnam: a cross-sectional facility-based study.

Background: Hypertension is an increasing health problem in low- and middle-income countries such as Vietnam. Self-monitoring of blood pressure (SMBP) is a crucial component of hypertension management in primary healthcare (PHC) and stimulated by healthcare providers. Yet, its adoption remains suboptimal.

Minimization of total costs for distribution systems with battery energy storage systems and renewable energy sources.

The penetration of renewable energy distributed generation units in the distribution systems has become widespread due to its many techno-economic and environmental benefits. However, avoiding the unwanted effects of unplanned integration and maximizing the resulting benefits is challenging. Thus, this research introduces a powerful method called modified coyote optimization algorithm (MCOA) for identifying the optimal installation of wind turbine farms (WFs), photovoltaic farms (PVFs), and battery energy storage systems (BESS) in IEEE 123-bus unbalanced distribution system (UDS) and Nha Be 55-bus balanced distribution system (BDS) in Nha Be District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam to minimize total costs.

Multinational comparison of the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in healthy resident feces.

The spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, especially in developing countries, is a critical healthcare issue. Among these, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria are particularly concerning due to their resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins. Traditional methods for assessing bacterial resistance involve culturing bacteria on selective media from fecal samples, which may lead to selection bias.

Comprehensive analysis of stroke epidemiology in Vietnam: Insights from GBD 1990-2019 and RES-Q 2017-2023.

Background: Stroke is a significant health burden in Vietnam, with substantial impacts on mortality, morbidity, and healthcare resources. An up-to-date report on stroke epidemiology and associated risk factors in Vietnam was missing.

Method: We analyzed the data published in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019, in combination with the first-time analysis of the Registry of Stroke Care Quality Improvement (RES-Q) initiative in Vietnam from 2017 to 2023.

ICRP pregnant-female mesh-type reference computational phantoms part 2: development of maternal phantoms.

. In the present study, the pregnant-female mesh-type reference computational phantoms (MRCPs) of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) were fully developed in the tetrahedral-mesh format by constructing the maternal phantoms for 8-, 10-, 15-, 20-, 25-, 30-, 35-, and 38 week fetal ages..

The Influence of Different Implant Placement Techniques on Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis compares the effectiveness of three implant placement techniques: socket shield technique (SST), conventional immediate implant placement (CIIP), and delayed implant placement (DIP) in alveolar ridge preservation, implant survival rates, and esthetics. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, covering studies from 2012 to 2022. Inclusion criteria targeted clinical studies with a minimum follow-up of 6 months.

Evaluation of heavy metal content in agricultural soil samples in the Mekong Delta region, VietNam and human health risks.

Salinity intrusion due to climate change, together with industrialization and farming activities, has increased the heavy metal content in soil, causing serious risks to ecosystems and human health. In this study, neutron analysis was applied to determine the metal content in soil samples, exposure dose, pollution index, and multivariate statistical analysis was used to evaluate the characteristics of each area. The results showed that the Zn content (235 mg/kg) in Soc Trang and Cr (213 mg/kg) in An Giang exceeded the permissible limit of Vietnam.

Energy Loss Reduction for Distribution Electric Power Systems with Renewable Power Sources, Reactive Power Compensators, and Electric Vehicle Charge Stations.

This paper applies the Chameleon Swarm Algorithm (CSA) and Snow Geese Algorithm (SGA) for optimizing the placement of electric vehicle charge stations (EVCSs), renewable energy sources (RESs), and shunt capacitors (SCs). The actual power ranges of the EVCSs of the Vinfast company in Vietnam are used to check the stabilization of the IEEE 85-node distribution power grid by considering four penetration levels of EVCSs, namely 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. All penetration levels of EVCSs violate the operating load voltage limits, and the grid cannot work for all the penetration levels.

Safety profile of self-amplifying mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine ARCT-154 in adults: a pooled phase 1/2/3 randomized clinical study.

Background: Public health concerns due to ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants necessitates further development of improved COVID-19 vaccines. One major innovation are self-amplifying mRNA vaccines, such as ARCT-154 (Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc.), which induces superior immunogenicity compared with conventional mRNA in terms of magnitude, breadth and persistence of neutralizing antibodies.

Prognostic factors of mechanical ventilation in Guillain-Barré syndrome among adults and children in Vietnam.

Objective: Numerous studies have investigated predictors for mechanical ventilation (MV) in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), with varying results. This study identifies factors associated with MV in both populations in Vietnam.

Methods: We retrospectively collected data on GBS patients at Children's Hospital 2 and the University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City from 2017 to 2021.

Ban of colistin livestock feed supplementation decreased the prevalence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in Ecuador.

Objectives: In 2019, Ecuador implemented a ban on colistin feed supplementation owing to the increasing prevalence of colistin-resistant bacteria; however, the impact of this ban remains unclear.

Methods: In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of the 2019 colistin ban by comparing the prevalence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in Ecuador with that in Vietnam, where colistin use is still permitted. We isolated colistin-resistant E.

Water Hammer Phenomenon in Coronary Arteries: Scientific Basis for Diagnostic and Predictive Modeling with Acoustic Action Mapping.

In the study of coronary artery disease, the mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis initiation and progression or regression remain incompletely understood. Our research conceptualized the cardiovascular system as an integrated network of pumps and pipes, advocating for a paradigm shift from static imaging of coronary stenosis to dynamic assessments of coronary flow. Further review of fluid mechanics highlighted the water hammer phenomenon as a compelling analog for processes in coronary arteries.