AI's ability to interpret unlabeled anatomy images and supplement educational research as an AI rater.

Evidence suggests custom chatbots are superior to commercial generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) systems for text-based anatomy content inquiries. This study evaluates ChatGPT-4o's and Claude 3.5 Sonnet's capabilities to interpret unlabeled anatomical images.

Advancements in Machine Learning for Precision Diagnostics and Surgical Interventions in Interconnected Musculoskeletal and Visual Systems.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping precision medicine by revealing diagnostic links between ocular biomarkers and systemic musculoskeletal disorders. This review synthesizes clinical evidence on the associations between optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived parameters, such as retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning and choroidal thickness, and conditions including osteoporosis, cervical spine instability, and inflammatory arthritis. The findings, based on an analysis of studies that integrate AI with ocular and musculoskeletal imaging, highlight consistent correlations between ocular microstructural changes and systemic degenerative pathologies.

Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Orthopedic Care: Advancements in Bone Care and Future Directions.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the field of orthopedic bioengineering by increasing diagnostic accuracy and surgical precision and improving patient outcomes. This review highlights using AI for orthopedics in preoperative planning, intraoperative robotics, smart implants, and bone regeneration. AI-powered imaging, automated 3D anatomical modeling, and robotic-assisted surgery have dramatically changed orthopedic practices.

"But Why?": Explanatory Feedback Is a Reliable Marker of High-Quality Narrative Assessment of Surgical Performance.

Purpose: This study examines the quality of short narrative comments collected using an online workplace-based assessment (WBA) tool.

Method: The quality of comments collected by a WBA tool at the UPMC Ophthalmology Residency Training Program was evaluated between July 2017-June 2020. A randomized rating exercise involving 10 meta-raters from 6 institutions was performed to evaluate the value of narratives from deidentified WBAs.

Beginning to Address an Implementation Gap in Asthma: Clinicians' Views of Prescribing Reliever Budesonide-Formoterol Inhalers and SMART in the United States.

Background: The Global Initiative for Asthma and National Asthma Education and Prevention Program recently made paradigm-shifting recommendations regarding inhaler management in asthma. The Global Initiative for Asthma now recommends that combination inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-formoterol inhalers replace short-acting β-agonists as the preferred reliever therapy at all steps of asthma management. Although the most recent guidelines of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program did not review reliever ICS-formoterol usage in mild asthma, they similarly recommended single maintenance and reliever therapy (SMART) at steps 3 and 4 of asthma management.

Regarding "Burden of Comorbidities and Healthcare Resource Utilization Among Medicaid-Enrolled Extremely Premature Infants".

In their article, Mowitz et al investigated the burden of comorbidities and healthcare resource utilization among extremely premature infants enrolled in Medicaid, laying a foundation for further policy action.

Clinician Perspectives on Barriers and Enablers to Implementing an Inpatient Oncology Early Warning System: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Purpose: To elicit end-user and stakeholder perceptions regarding design and implementation of an inpatient clinical deterioration early warning system (EWS) for oncology patients to better fit routine clinical practices and enhance clinical impact.

Methods: In an explanatory-sequential mixed-methods study, we evaluated a stakeholder-informed oncology early warning system (OncEWS) using surveys and semistructured interviews. Stakeholders were physicians, advanced practice providers (APPs), and nurses.

Symptom-driven inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta-agonist therapy for adult patients with asthma who are non-adherent to daily maintenance inhalers: a study protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.

Background: While inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are considered the essential foundation of most asthma therapy, ICS inhaler nonadherence is a notoriously common problem and a significant cause of asthma-related morbidity. Partially acknowledging the problem of nonadherence, international organizations recently made paradigm-shifting recommendations that all patients with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma be considered for symptom-driven ICS-containing inhalers rather than relying on adherence to traditional maintenance ICS inhalers and symptom-driven short-acting beta-agonists (SABA). With this new approach, asthma patients are at least exposed to the important anti-inflammatory effects of ICS-containing inhalers when their symptom reliever inhaler is deployed due to acute symptoms.

Crowdsourced Assessment of Surgical Skill Proficiency in Cataract Surgery.

Objective: To test whether crowdsourced lay raters can accurately assess cataract surgical skills.

Design: Two-armed study: independent cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts.

Setting: Washington University Department of Ophthalmology.