Leveraging lower body negative pressure for enhanced outcomes in orthopedic arthroplasty-Insights from NASA's bone health research.

Exposure to microgravity causes rapid bone loss and muscle atrophy, posing serious challenges for long-duration spaceflight. In response, NASA developed countermeasures such as Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) to simulate gravitational loading on astronauts' lower extremities. LBNP, often combined with exercise, has proven effective in mitigating musculoskeletal degradation during bed rest analogs.

Next-Generation Biomaterials for Load-Bearing Tissue Interfaces: Sensor-Integrated Scaffolds and Mechanoadaptive Constructs for Skeletal Regeneration.

Advancements in load-bearing tissue repair increasingly demand biomaterials that not only support structural integrity but also interact dynamically with the physiological environment. This review examines the latest progress in smart biomaterials designed for skeletal reconstruction, with emphasis on mechanoresponsive scaffolds, bioactive composites, and integrated microsensors for real-time monitoring. We explore material formulations that enhance osseointegration, resist micromotion-induced loosening, and modulate inflammatory responses at the bone-implant interface.

Computational and Imaging Approaches for Precision Characterization of Bone, Cartilage, and Synovial Biomolecules.

Degenerative joint diseases (DJDs) involve intricate molecular disruptions within bone, cartilage, and synovial tissues, often preceding overt radiographic changes. These tissues exhibit complex biomolecular architectures and their degeneration leads to microstructural disorganization and inflammation that are challenging to detect with conventional imaging techniques. This review aims to synthesize recent advances in imaging, computational modeling, and sequencing technologies that enable high-resolution, non-invasive characterization of joint tissue health.

Emerging Diagnostic Approaches for Musculoskeletal Disorders: Advances in Imaging, Biomarkers, and Clinical Assessment.

Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders remain a major global cause of disability, with diagnostic complexity arising from their heterogeneous presentation and multifactorial pathophysiology. Recent advances across imaging modalities, molecular biomarkers, artificial intelligence applications, and point-of-care technologies are fundamentally reshaping musculoskeletal diagnostics. This review offers a novel synthesis by unifying recent innovations across multiple diagnostic imaging modalities, such as CT, MRI, and ultrasound, with emerging biochemical, genetic, and digital technologies.

Prediction of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Pressure with Generative Adversarial Network Synthetic Plasma-CSF Biomarker Pairing.

Non-invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring can help clinicians safely and efficiently monitor spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS), idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and traumatic brain injury in astronauts. Current invasive ICP measurement techniques are unsuitable for austere environments like spaceflight. In this study, we explore the potential of plasma-derived cell-free RNA (cfRNA) biomarkers as non-invasive alternatives to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers for ICP assessment.

Advancements in Machine Learning for Precision Diagnostics and Surgical Interventions in Interconnected Musculoskeletal and Visual Systems.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping precision medicine by revealing diagnostic links between ocular biomarkers and systemic musculoskeletal disorders. This review synthesizes clinical evidence on the associations between optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived parameters, such as retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning and choroidal thickness, and conditions including osteoporosis, cervical spine instability, and inflammatory arthritis. The findings, based on an analysis of studies that integrate AI with ocular and musculoskeletal imaging, highlight consistent correlations between ocular microstructural changes and systemic degenerative pathologies.

Biomarker-Guided Imaging and AI-Augmented Diagnosis of Degenerative Joint Disease.

Degenerative joint disease remains a leading cause of global disability, with early diagnosis posing a significant clinical challenge due to its gradual onset and symptom overlap with other musculoskeletal disorders. This review focuses on emerging diagnostic strategies by synthesizing evidence specifically from studies that integrate biochemical biomarkers, advanced imaging techniques, and machine learning models relevant to osteoarthritis. We evaluate the diagnostic utility of cartilage degradation markers (e.

Integrating Radiogenomics and Machine Learning in Musculoskeletal Oncology Care.

Musculoskeletal tumors present a diagnostic challenge due to their rarity, histological diversity, and overlapping imaging features. Accurate characterization is essential for effective treatment planning and prognosis, yet current diagnostic workflows rely heavily on invasive biopsy and subjective radiologic interpretation. This review explores the evolving role of radiogenomics and machine learning in improving diagnostic accuracy for bone and soft tissue tumors.

Applications of Machine Learning-Driven Molecular Models for Advancing Ophthalmic Precision Medicine.

Ophthalmic diseases such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), and optic neuritis involve complex molecular and cellular disruptions that challenge current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models offer a novel lens to analyze these diseases by integrating diverse datasets, identifying patterns, and enabling precision medicine strategies. Over the past decade, applications of AI in ophthalmology have expanded from imaging-based diagnostics to molecular-level modeling, bridging critical gaps in understanding disease mechanisms.

Targeting Imd pathway receptor in and repurposing of phyto-inhibitors: structural modulation and molecular dynamics.

Dysbiosis is a major cause of disease in an individual, generally initiated in the gastrointestinal tract. The gut, also known as the second brain, constitutes a major role in immune signaling. To study the immunity cascade, the Drosophila model was considered targeting the Imd pathway receptor (2F2L) located in the midgut.

T-cell Epitope-based Vaccine Design for Nipah Virus by Reverse Vaccinology Approach.

Aim And Objective: Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic virus of the paramyxovirus family that sporadically breaks out from livestock and spreads in humans through breathing resulting in an indication of encephalitis syndrome. In the current study, T cell epitopes with the NiV W protein antigens were predicted.

Materials And Methods: Modelling of unavailable 3D structure of W protein followed by docking studies of respective Human MHC - class I and MHC - class II alleles predicted was carried out for the highest binding rates.