A proteomic approach supports the clinical relevance of TAT-Cx43 in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain cancer. The Src inhibitor, TAT-Cx43, exerts antitumor effects in in vitro and in vivo models of GBM. Because addressing the mechanism of action is essential to translate these results to a clinical setting, in this study we carried out an unbiased proteomic approach.

Oxidative Stress and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Are Signature Pathways of Extracellular Vesicles Released upon Morphine Exposure on Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells.

Morphine, a commonly used antinociceptive drug in hospitals, is known to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by first passing through brain endothelial cells. Despite its pain-relieving effect, morphine also has detrimental effects, such as the potential induction of redox imbalance in the brain. However, there is still insufficient evidence of these effects on the brain, particularly on the brain endothelial cells and the extracellular vesicles that they naturally release.

Digoxin Induces Human Astrocyte Reaction In Vitro.

Astrocyte reaction is a complex cellular process involving astrocytes in response to various types of CNS injury and a marker of neurotoxicity. It has been abundantly studied in rodents but relatively poorly in human cells due to limited access to the brain. Astrocytes play important roles in cerebral energy metabolism and are also key players in neuroinflammation.

Neurovascular Unit-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: From Their Physiopathological Roles to Their Clinical Applications in Acute Brain Injuries.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) form a heterogeneous group of membrane-enclosed structures secreted by all cell types. EVs export encapsulated materials composed of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, making them a key mediator in cell-cell communication. In the context of the neurovascular unit (NVU), a tightly interacting multicellular brain complex, EVs play a role in intercellular communication and in maintaining NVU functionality.

Morphine-induced modulation of Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells.

Morphine is one of the most potent opioid analgesic used for pain treatment. Morphine action in the central nervous system requires crossing the blood-brain barrier. Due to the controversial relationship between morphine and oxidative stress, the potential pro- or antioxidant effects of morphine in the blood-brain barrier is important to be understood, as oxidative stress could cause its disruption and predispose to neurodegenerative diseases.

Paraquat-induced cholesterol biosynthesis proteins dysregulation in human brain microvascular endothelial cells.

Despite Paraquat (PQ) being banned in several countries, it is still one of the most commonly used herbicides in agriculture. This compound is known to induce damaging effects on human and animal brain cells by generating Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). However, there is few evidence of PQ effect on Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HBMECs), one of the major component of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB).

Ubiquinone Metabolism and Transcription HIF-1 Targets Pathway Are Toxicity Signature Pathways Present in Extracellular Vesicles of Paraquat-Exposed Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells.

Over the last decade, the knowledge in extracellular vesicles (EVs) biogenesis and modulation has increasingly grown. As their content reflects the physiological state of their donor cells, these "intercellular messengers" progressively became a potential source of biomarker reflecting the host cell state. However, little is known about EVs released from the human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs).

Nitrification of anaerobic digester effluent for nitrogen management at swine farms.

Anaerobic digester effluent collected from a swine farm was nitrified in lab-scale bioreactors mimicking an innovative manure management system to understand factors relevant to a successful start-up. The effects of digester effluent strength, aeration time, nitrifying sludge inoculation, and initial pH control on the startup of the nitrification system were investigated. The results showed that initial NH4+-N concentrations higher than 800 mg L−1 could severely inhibit the onset of nitrification if relying on native bacterial populations.

Relationship between bone resorption, oxidative stress and inflammation in severe COPD exacerbation.

Background: The natural course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is complicated by the development of systemic consequences and co-morbidities. Increasing evidence indicates that COPD and osteoporosis are strongly linked. The common features in COPD pathology, history of smoking, age, inactivity, systemic inflammation, and use of systemic corticosteroids, are important risk factors for osteoporosis.

Pulmonary function, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in severe COPD exacerbation.

Background: Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Objective: Pulmonary function, oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory markers were measured in 74 patients with severe COPD exacerbation and 41 healthy subjects. In patients all parameters were assessed at two time points: Firstly, one day after admission and secondly, after 7 10 days when they were clinically stable enough to be discharged.