N-Acetylornithine deacetylase functions as a Cys-Gly dipeptidase in the cytosolic glutathione degradation pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Glutathione (GSH) is required for various physiological processes in plants, including redox regulation and detoxification of harmful compounds. GSH also functions as a repository for assimilated sulfur and is actively catabolized in plants. In Arabidopsis, GSH is mainly degraded initially by cytosolic enzymes, γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase, and γ-glutamyl peptidase, which release cysteinylglycine (Cys-Gly).

Involvement of Peptidoglycan Receptor Proteins in Mediating the Growth-Promoting Effects of Bacillus pumilus TUAT1 in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Bacillus pumilus TUAT1 acts as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for various plants like rice and Arabidopsis. Under stress conditions, B. pumilus TUAT1 forms spores with a thick peptidoglycan (PGN) cell wall.

-Induced Morphological Feminization in the Grapsid Crab .

Rhizocephalan barnacles (Thecostraca: Cirripedia) are parasitic crustaceans that lack appendages, segmentation, and a digestive system in adults, while instead infiltrating their hosts with a nutrient-absorbing system of rootlets. Sacculinids, belonging to the Rhizocephala order, are known for their various parasitization-induced effects on their decapod hosts, such as parasitic castration, reduction in the growth of secondary sexual characteristics, feminization of male crabs, and alteration of host behavior. In this study, we conducted field surveys in Japan at Manazuru Town (Kanagawa) on the Pacific coast, and on Sado Island and Noto Peninsula on the Sea of Japan side, and found that sacculinid-parasite-ratios on the grapsid crab were particularly high on the Sea of Japan coast.

Degradation of glutathione and glutathione conjugates in plants.

Glutathione (GSH) is a ubiquitous, abundant, and indispensable thiol for plants that participates in various biological processes, such as scavenging reactive oxygen species, redox signaling, storage and transport of sulfur, detoxification of harmful substances, and metabolism of several compounds. Therefore knowledge of GSH metabolism is essential for plant science. Nevertheless, GSH degradation has been insufficiently elucidated, and this has hampered our understanding of plant life.

Effect of pulmonary vein isolation on rotor/multiple wavelet dynamics in persistent atrial fibrillation, association with vagal response and implications for adjunctive ablation.

Persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) may develop arrhythmogenic substrates of rotors/multiple wavelets. However, the ways in which pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) affects the dynamics of rotor/multiple wavelets in PeAF patients remain elusive. Real-time phase-mapping (ExTRa mapping, EXT) in the whole left atrium (LA) was performed during PeAF before and after PVI (n = 111).

Genetic and Physiological Characterization of Soybean-Nodule-Derived Isolates from Bangladeshi Soils Revealed Diverse Array of Bacteria with Potential Bradyrhizobia for Biofertilizers.

Genetic and physiological characterization of bacteria derived from nodules of leguminous plants in the exploration of biofertilizer is of paramount importance from agricultural and environmental perspectives. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of 84 isolates derived from Bangladeshi soils revealed an unpredictably diverse array of nodule-forming and endosymbiotic bacteria-mostly belonging to the genus . A sequence analysis of the symbiotic genes ( and ) revealed similarities with the 16S rRNA gene tree, with few discrepancies.

Glutathione degradation activity of γ-glutamyl peptidase 1 manifests its dual roles in primary and secondary sulfur metabolism in Arabidopsis.

Glutathione (GSH) functions as a major sulfur repository and hence occupies an important position in primary sulfur metabolism. GSH degradation results in sulfur reallocation and is believed to be carried out mainly by γ-glutamyl cyclotransferases (GGCT2;1, GGCT2;2, and GGCT2;3), which, however, do not fully explain the rapid GSH turnover. Here, we discovered that γ-glutamyl peptidase 1 (GGP1) contributes to GSH degradation through a yeast complementation assay.

Selvester QRS score predicts improvement of LVEF in atrial fibrillation patients with systolic heart failure.

Background: Left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) comorbid with atrial fibrillation is reversible, but recovery is limited in a subset of patients. The Selvester QRS (S-QRS) score is an electrocardiogram-based assessment that reportedly reflects myocardial scar/damage. We evaluated the predictability of S-QRS score for the recovery of left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in persistent AF (PeAF) patients with LVSD undergoing catheter ablation (CA).

Synchronization of relaxation oscillators with adaptive thresholds and application to automated guided vehicles.

The present paper proposes an adaptive control law for inducing in-phase and antiphase synchronization in a pair of relaxation oscillators. We analytically show that the phase dynamics of the oscillators coupled by the control law is equivalent to that of Kuramoto phase oscillators and then extend the results for a pair of oscillators to three or more oscillators. We also provide a systematic procedure for designing the controller parameters for oscillator networks with all-to-all and ring topologies.

Retrograde sulfur flow from glucosinolates to cysteine in .

Specialized (secondary) metabolic pathways in plants have long been considered one-way routes of leading primary metabolite precursors to bioactive end products. Conversely, endogenous degradation of such "end" products in plant tissues has been observed following environmental stimuli, including nutrition stress. Therefore, it is of general interest whether specialized metabolites can be reintegrated into primary metabolism to recover the invested resources, especially in the case of nitrogen- or sulfur-rich compounds.

[Asymptomatic Aplastic or Twig-Like Middle Cerebral Artery Associated with Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms at the Origin (A1) of a Collateral Artery and the Anterior Communicating Artery: A Case Report with Multiple Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenoses].

We report a rare case of asymptomatic aplastic or twig-like middle cerebral artery (Ap/T-MCA) with small unruptured aneurysms at the origin (A1) of the anomalous collateral artery containing plexiform (twig-like) networks and in the anterior communicating artery. In Ap/T-MCA, other cerebrovascular systems are usually considered to exhibit normal findings not associated with atherosclerosis. At first admission, atherosclerotic M1 occlusion was suspected because of the patient's risk factors and multiple stenoses in major intracranial arteries.

Wall thickness-based adjustment of ablation index improves efficacy of pulmonary vein isolation in atrial fibrillation: Real-time assessment by intracardiac echocardiography.

Background: Ablation index (AI) linearly correlates with lesion depth and may yield better therapeutic performance in pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) when tailored to a patient's wall thickness (WT) in the left atrium (LA).

Methods And Results: First study: In paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients (PAF; n = 20), the average LA WT (mm) in each anatomical segment for PVI was measured by intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) placed in the LA; the optimal AI for creating 1-mm transmural lesion (AI/mm) was calculated. Second study: PAF (n = 80) patients were randomly assigned either to a force-time integral protocol (FTI; 400 g·s, n = 40) or a tailored-AI protocol (TAI; n = 40).

Carotid Endarterectomy Using Lone Star Retractor System.

Cervical carotid disease is typical atherosclerosis, which is responsible for ischemic stroke. The effectiveness of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for advanced carotid stenosis has been established in many large studies, and CEA is the gold standard in surgical treatment. On the other hand, endovascular carotid artery stenting (CAS) has become increasingly popular recently.

[Orbital Compartment Syndrome Perhaps Secondary to Intra-Orbital Fluid Retention and Orbital/Palpebral Emphysema Following Frontotemporal Craniotomy for an Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm:A Case Report].

A 58-year-old woman underwent left frontotemporal craniotomy for clipping of an unruptured cerebral aneurysm. A small defect was accidentally created in the orbital roof intraoperatively. The patient developed left eyelid edema and ocular pain after recovery from anesthesia.

[Early Development of a Symptomatic Expanding Porencephalic Cyst in the Hematoma Cavity after Subcortical Hematoma Removal in an Adult:A Case Report].

A 69-year-old woman presented on an emergency basis, with headache and left hemiparesis. Initial head CT at the time of admission revealed a large subcortical hematoma with perihematomal edema extending from the right parietal to the occipital lobe. A small part of the hematoma extended toward the trigone of the right lateral ventricle.

[Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysm Associated with Arachnoid Cyst].

Cerebral aneurysms and arachnoid cysts are relatively common cerebral malformations and the use of recent modalities has increased their detection rates. However, cerebral aneurysms associated with arachnoid cysts are unusual. We describe two cases of ruptured cerebral aneurysms associated with arachnoid cysts.

[A Case of Radiation-induced Glioblastoma 29 Years after Treatments for Germinoma].

Intracranial germinomas are considered one of the most radiosensitive tumors and are curable by radiotherapy alone. Although patients can expect long-term survival, the adverse effects of radiotherapy and late sequelae in survivors are a major concern. Radiation-induced secondary neoplasms are one of those sequelae and are a serious concern because they are often connected directly with life prognosis.

[A Rare Case of Communicating Hydrocephalus with Intraparenchymal Pericatheter Cyst and Surrounding Edema in an Adult due to Accidental Change in the Pressure Setting of the Programmable Shunt System].

A 59-year-old woman suffering from memory impairment visited our hospital. She was discharged nine years ago without complications after undergoing neck clipping surgery for intracranial aneurysm rupture and a right ventricular peritoneal shunt using the CODMAN HAKIM programmable valve system(CHPV)for hydrocephalus. Initial CT/MRI revealed a cystic lesion with surrounding edema in the right frontal lobe around the proximal catheter, and a left frontal subacute subdural hematoma.

[Aplastic or Twig-like Middle Cerebral Artery with Cortical Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome during the Postpartum Period in a Juvenile Female:A Case Report].

A 17-year-old female in a lethargic state with mild dysarthria was transferred to our hospital after experiencing a generalized tonic seizure immediately after giving birth. Head CT showed a cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage(cSAH)in the left frontoparietal convexity. Three-dimensional rotational angiography(3D-RA)revealed multifocal narrowing of the cortical branches of the left middle cerebral artery(MCA)and severe stenosis of the left M1 segment with plexiform collateral networks, suggesting the presence of reversible vasoconstriction syndrome(RCVS)and aplastic or twig-like MCA(Ap/T-MCA).

[Significance of Existence and Future Prospects of Nurse Practitioners in Neurosurgical Teams].

Recently, hospitals and medical facilities have been experiencing a shortage of doctors along with heavy workload. The role of a mid-level provider may be important as a potential solution to these problems. A nurse practitioner(NP)is the most famous mid-level provider, and in our institution, the neurosurgery department has 3 NPs.