Altermagnetic Band Splitting in 10 nm Epitaxial CrSb Thin Films.

Altermagnets are a newly identified family of collinear antiferromagnets with a momentum-dependent spin-split band structure of non-relativistic origin, derived from spin-group symmetry-protected crystal structures. Among candidate altermagnets, CrSb is attractive for potential applications because of a large spin-splitting near the Fermi level and a high Néel transition temperature of around 700 K. Molecular beam epitaxy is used to synthesize CrSb (0001) thin films with thicknesses ranging from 10 to 100 nm.

Correction: Nicotine-mediated effects in neuronal and mouse models of synucleinopathy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.

Spin excitations and flat electronic bands in a Cr-based kagome superconductor.

In the quest for topology- and correlation-driven quantum states, kagome lattice materials have garnered significant interest for their band structures, featuring flat bands (FBs) from the quantum destructive interference of the electronic wavefunction. Tuning an FB to the chemical potential could induce electronic instabilities and emergent orders. Despite extensive studies, direct evidence of FBs tuned to the chemical potential and their role in emergent orders in bulk materials remains lacking.

ACE2 Alleviates Microglia Neuroinflammation by RANK-RANKL-OPG Axis in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) and osteoporosis are prevalent age-related conditions. Notably, individuals with PD exhibit a markedly elevated risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a critical regulator of bone homeostasis, may also influence neuroinflammatory processes.

Disentangling the intertwined orders in a magnetic kagome metal.

Intertwined orders appear when multiple orders are strongly interacting, and kagome metals have emerged as new platforms to explore exotic phases. FeGe has been found to develop a charge density wave (CDW) order within magnetic phase, suggesting an intricate interplay of the lattice, charge, and spin degrees of freedom. Recently, postgrowth annealing has been proposed to tune the CDW order from long-range to complete suppression, offering a tuning knob for the CDW order.

Band-Selective Spin-Charge Separation across the Charge Density Wave Transition in Quasi-1D NbSe_{3}.

Non-Fermi liquid (non-FL) phase is a pivotal enigma in understanding intriguing quantum phases in strongly correlated systems, such as high-temperature superconductivity. Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) theory, designed for one-dimensional (1D) systems, serves as one of the microscopic frameworks that elucidates non-FL behavior. Despite its theoretical concreteness, comprehensive experimental verification has remained incomplete.

Introducing new resonant soft x-ray scattering capability in SSRL.

Resonant soft x-ray scattering (RSXS) is a powerful technique for probing both spatial and electronic structures within solid-state systems. We present a newly developed RSXS capability at beamline 13-3 of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, designed to enhance materials science research. This advanced setup achieves a base sample temperature as low as 9.

Kramers nodal lines in intercalated TaS superconductors.

Kramers degeneracy is one fundamental embodiment of the quantum mechanical nature of particles with half-integer spin under time reversal symmetry. Under the chiral and noncentrosymmetric achiral crystalline symmetries, Kramers degeneracy emerges respectively as topological quasiparticles of Weyl fermions and Kramers nodal lines (KNLs), anchoring the Berry phase-related physics of electrons. However, an experimental demonstration for ideal KNLs well isolated at the Fermi level is lacking.

Pseudogap and Fermi arc induced by Fermi surface nesting in a centrosymmetric skyrmion magnet.

Skyrmions in noncentrosymmetric materials are believed to occur due to the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. By contrast, the skyrmion formation mechanism in centrosymmetric materials remains elusive. Here, we reveal the intrinsic electronic structure of the centrosymmetric GdRuSi by selectively measuring magnetic domains using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES).

A Case Series of Sixteen Patients With Coronavirus Disease-Related Laryngopharyngitis.

Objectives: Few studies have examined the characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-related laryngopharyngitis. Our department has accumulated numerous laryngofiberscopic images of patients with COVID-19-related laryngopharyngitis. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and clinical courses of these patients.

One-Dimensional Electron Gas Confined along Nanowrinkles in a Unidirectional Charge Density Wave Material.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials inherently exhibit instabilities. Structurally, this may lead to modulations along the third dimension, e.g.

Electronic Structure of the Alternating Monolayer-Trilayer Phase of La_{3}Ni_{2}O_{7}.

Recent studies of La_{3}Ni_{2}O_{7} have identified a bilayer (2222) structure and an unexpected alternating monolayer-trilayer (1313) structure, both of which feature signatures of superconductivity near 80 K under high pressures. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we measure the electronic structure of 1313 samples. In contrast to the previously studied 2222 structure, we find that the 1313 structure hosts a flat band with a markedly different binding energy, as well as an additional electron pocket and band splittings.

Electron correlation and incipient flat bands in the Kagome superconductor CsCrSb.

Correlated kagome materials exhibit a compelling interplay between lattice geometry, electron correlation, and topology. In particular, the flat bands near the Fermi level provide a fertile playground for novel many-body states. Here we investigate the electronic structure of CsCrSb using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and ab-initio calculations.

Characterization of ActVI-ORF3 and ActVI-ORF4 as Lactonizing and Delactonizing Enzymes in Relation to Metabolic Flux in Actinorhodin Biosynthesis.

Actinorhodin (ACT) from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) is an aromatic polyketide antibiotic with a benzoisochromanequinone (BIQ) skeleton. Although actVI-ORF3 and actVI-ORF4 are not essential for ACT biosynthesis, homologous genes to these are present in the biosynthetic gene clusters of BIQ lactones. In this study, ActVI-ORF3 was identified as a cofactor-independent enzyme with lactonization activity, using ACT as a substrate.

Scalable preparation of furanosteroidal viridin, β-viridin and viridiol from Trichoderma virens.

Viridin and viridiol, along with wortmannin, metabolized by filamentous fungus Trichoderma virens, are identical furanosteroids with high-potent inhibitory activity towards phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) that associates the growth of tumor cells. Therefore, structure-activity relationship study (SAR) of these furanosteroids contributes to the development of novel drugs. However, rational supply methods have not been established yet.

Pseudogap in electron-doped cuprates: Strong correlation leading to band splitting.

The pseudogap phenomena have been a long-standing mystery of the cuprate high-temperature superconductors. The pseudogap in the electron-doped cuprates has been attributed to band folding due to antiferromagnetic (AFM) long-range order or short-range correlation. We performed an angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of the electron-doped cuprates PrLaCeCuO showing spin-glass, disordered AFM behaviors, and superconductivity at low temperatures and, by measurements with fine momentum cuts, found that the gap opens on the unfolded Fermi surface rather than the AFM Brillouin zone boundary.

Robotically assisted mitral valve repair using the butterfly technique in a patient with a narrow chest.

Background: Minimally invasive cardiac surgery for mitral regurgitation is challenging in patients with narrow chests due to limited thoracic space. The butterfly technique can prevent systolic anterior motion in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation and redundant posterior leaflets, but it is difficult to perform via minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Few reports have described mitral valve repair using the butterfly technique or in a narrow chest.

Erratum: Robust Weak Topological Insulator in the Bismuth Halide Bi_{4}Br_{2}I_{2} [Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 086602 (2024)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.

Colossal magnetoresistance from spin-polarized polarons in an Ising system.

Recent experiments suggest a new paradigm toward novel colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) in a family of materials EuM[Formula: see text]X[Formula: see text] (M [Formula: see text] Cd, In, Zn; X [Formula: see text] P, As), distinct from the traditional avenues involving Kondo-Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida crossovers, magnetic phase transitions with structural distortions, or topological phase transitions. Here, we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to explore their origin, particularly focusing on EuCd[Formula: see text]P[Formula: see text]. While the low-energy spectral weight royally tracks that of the resistivity anomaly near the temperature with maximum magnetoresistance ([Formula: see text]) as expected from transport-spectroscopy correspondence, the spectra are completely incoherent and strongly suppressed with no hint of a Landau quasiparticle.

Robust Weak Topological Insulator in the Bismuth Halide Bi_{4}Br_{2}I_{2}.

We apply a topological material design concept for selecting a bulk topology of 3D crystals by different van der Waals stackings of 2D topological insulator layers, and find a bismuth halide Bi_{4}Br_{2}I_{2} to be an ideal weak topological insulator (WTI) with the largest band gap (∼300  meV) among all the WTI candidates, by means of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and resistivity measurements. Furthermore, we reveal that the topological surface state of a WTI is not "weak" but rather robust against external perturbations against the initial theoretical prediction by performing potassium deposition experiments. Our results vastly expand future opportunities for fundamental research and device applications with a robust WTI.

Coupling Between Electrons and Charge Density Wave Fluctuation and its Possible Role in Superconductivity.

In most charge density wave (CDW) systems of different material classes, ranging from traditional correlated systems in low-dimension to recent topological systems with Kagome lattice, superconductivity emerges when the system is driven toward the quantum critical point (QCP) of CDW via external parameters of doping and pressure. Despite this rather universal trend, the essential hinge between CDW and superconductivity has not been established yet. Here, the evidence of coupling between electron and CDW fluctuation is reported, based on a temperature- and intercalation-dependent kink in the angle-resolved photoemission spectra of 2H-PdTaSe.

A Review of Cinnamic Acid's Skeleton Modification: Features for Antibacterial-Agent-Guided Derivatives.

Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a significant danger to global health, and the need for more effective antimicrobial resistance (AMR) control has been highlighted. Cinnamic acid is abundant in plant products and is a potential starting material for further modification, focusing on the development of new antimicrobial compounds. In the following review, we describe the classification of critical antibacterial-guided reactions applied to the main skeleton structure of cinnamic acid derivatives over the last decade.

Anomalous normal-state gap in an electron-doped cuprate.

In the underdoped n-type cuprate NdCeCuO, long-range antiferromagnetic order reconstructs the Fermi surface, resulting in a putative antiferromagnetic metal with small Fermi pockets. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we observe an anomalous energy gap, an order of magnitude smaller than the antiferromagnetic gap, in a wide portion of the underdoped regime and smoothly connecting to the superconducting gap at optimal doping. After considering all the known ordering tendencies in tandem with the phase diagram, we hypothesize that the normal-state gap in the underdoped n-type cuprates originates from Cooper pairing.

Innate neuroimmunity across aging and neurodegeneration: a perspective from amyloidogenic evolvability.

In Alzheimer's Disease (AD), amyloidogenic proteins (APs), such as β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau, may act as alarmins/damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to stimulate neuroinflammation and cell death. Indeed, recent evidence suggests that brain-specific type 2 immune networks may be important in modulating amyloidogenicity and brain homeostasis. Central to this, components of innate neuroimmune signaling, particularly type 2 components, assume distinctly specialized roles in regulating immune homeostasis and brain function.