Guiding cellular behavior with micro/nanostructured cellulose acetate substrates fabricated using femtosecond laser lithography.

The lack of efficient, reliable, and sustainable substrates for directed cell growth and tissue engineering remains a critical challenge in modern biomedical applications. Conventional cell culture platforms, such as flat and featureless surfaces, fail to replicate the complex microenvironments necessary for guiding cellular behavior, including contact guidance. This limitation is particularly significant in applications such as skeletal muscle tissue engineering, where the alignment and morphology of cells play a critical role in functionality.

Spectroscopic Characterization and Differentiation of SARS-CoV-2 Virus-like Particles.

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are recombinant, noninfectious, self-assembled structures that are made up of the viral structural proteins that mimic the morphology of viruses but lack genomic material. VLPs have been used to develop vaccines against viruses and cancer, leading to a surge of industry interest in exploring VLP vaccines. There are strict quality controls as a part of downstream processing in the production of nonreplicating VLPs.

Zinc ferrite nanoparticles as electrode material for supercapacitors.

In the realm of sustainable and renewable nanotechnology, supercapacitors have appeared as the dominant solution for energy conversion and storage. Ferrites have been widely explored in magnetic, electronic and microwave devices, and are now being explored for applications in energy storage devices due to the possibility of achieving fast and reversible surface Faradic reactions. From this perspective, a simple and inexpensive chemical co-precipitation method was used to synthesize ultrasmall ZnFeOnanoparticles (NPs).

Toxicological Effects of Metal-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots.

Multi-domain biological and environmental research highlights the efficacy of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as a safer alternative to toxic metal-based quantum dots (QDs) and expensive conventional organic dyes, particularly in biomedical applications. CQDs are often functionalized by metal heteroatoms to improve their electron-donating properties and modify charge density, thereby enhancing their physicochemical characteristics. However, metal doping may re-introduce toxicity concerns similar to traditional QDs and further increase environmental risks.

Carbon Quantum Dots Based Nanocomposite for Selective Mercury Detection.

The emergence of 2D carbon-based materials has a profound impact on various research areas, such as biosciences, electronics, optics, environmental protection, and monitoring. Mercury, a highly toxic pollutant, can cause severe health complications such as neural toxicity, insomnia, cognitive dysfunction, muscle atrophy, peripheral vision impairment, and emotional instability. A suitable 2D nanostructural interface is required to effectively monitor mercury levels in the environment.

Directed Cell Growth of C2C12 Cells on ECM Free Bioprinted Nano/Micro Scaffolds.

Skeletal muscle cell growth impairment can result in severe health issues, such as reduced mobility, metabolic problems, and cardiovascular issues, which can significantly impact an individual's overall health and lifestyle. To address this issue, it is essential to adopt a multi-faceted approach. Conventional 2D cell culture methods fail to replicate the critical features of in vivo micro/nanoarchitecture, which is crucial for the growth of skeletal muscle cells.

CB[6]/ZnO chelated superoleophobic-hydrophilic PVDF membranes for one-step remediation of multi-contaminant in wastewater.

Industrial wastewater, despite undergoing primary and secondary treatments with conventional methods, continues to pose challenges due to the presence of multiple contaminants. Membrane separation has emerged as an effective solution to streamline the treatment process, yet it often results in surface fouling. This study introduces a single platform designed for simultaneous removal of dyes, oils, and proteins during the tertiary treatment stage, thereby eliminating the need for multiple separation steps.

Graphene-Coated Ni-Cu Alloys for Durable Degradation Resistance of Bi-Polar Plates for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Remarkable Role of Alloy Composition.

Bipolar plates, a critical component of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), are constructed out of alloys of Ti, Pt, Cr, or graphitic materials that have limitations. Electrical conductivity, cost, and corrosion resistance are among the critical considerations for bi-polar plate material. Graphene, which possesses impressive conductivity and toughness, is an attractive option as coating on metallic substrates of PEMFC bipolar plates.

On using non-Kekulé triangular graphene quantum dots for scavenging hazardous sulfur hexafluoride components.

The goal of present study is to explore how the size and functionalization of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) affect their sensing capabilities. Specifically, we investigated the adsorption of SO, SOF, SOF, and SF on GQDs that were functionalized with -CH, -COCH, and -NH. We used density functional theory to analyse the electronic properties of these functionalized GQDs and found that the functionalization significantly altered their electronic properties.

Two decades of two-photon lithography: Materials science perspective for additive manufacturing of 2D/3D nano-microstructures.

Two-photon lithography (TPL) is a versatile technology for additive manufacturing of 2D and 3D micro/nanostructures with sub-wavelength resolved features. Recent advancement in laser technology has enabled the application of TPL fabricated structures in several fields such as microelectronics, photonics, optoelectronics, microfluidics, and plasmonic devices. However, the lack of two-photon polymerizable resins (TPPRs) induces bottleneck to the growth of TPL to its true potential, and hence continuous research efforts are focused on developing efficient TPPRs.

Bacillussp. based nano-bio hybrids for efficient water remediation.

Macroalgae are a diverse group of primary producers that offer indispensable ecosystem services towards bacterial colonization and proliferation in aquatic biomes. Macroalgae/bacteria interactions are complex in natural biomes and contribute mutually to their growth and biotechnological outcomes. Most findings on macroalgae-associated bacteria and their secreted enzymes have largely been limited to nutraceutical applications.

Bioequivalence of a biosimilar enoxaparin (Cloti-Xa™) and its innovator (Clexane ): A single-dose, randomized, double-blind, two-period, two-treatment, two-sequence, crossover, balanced study in healthy human subjects.

Currently, several biosimilars of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) with differing potencies are being developed and marketed globally. Thus, it is important that the potency of each biosimilar LMWH be compared with its innovator's molecule. The present study aimed to determine the bioequivalence of biosimilar (Cloti-Xa™) and innovator (Clexane ) formulations of enoxaparin sodium (40 mg/0.

Newborn thermal care in western Uttar Pradesh - gap analysis between knowledge and practices.

Background: The provision of health care services including maternal and newborn care is a dynamic system of entitlement and obligations among the community, the service providers, and the government. Thermal control remains poor in newborns owing to immaturity of the thermoregulatory center and newborn become vulnerable to hypothermia especially premature babies, intrauterine growth retardation and LBW babies, and even normal babies.This study aimed to assess the knowledge & practices regarding thermal protection their determinants.

Modified PVA membrane for separation of micro-emulsion.

Release of liquefied hydrocarbons in domestic and industrial effluents, along with oil spills cause significant adverse effects on the soil, water, aquatic ecosystem, and humans. Thus, selective and cost-effective technology to address this challenge is highly desirable. Here, we report the fabrication of electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane, modified with glutaraldehyde (GA) and a device thereof, for treatment of oil emulsions and recovery of precious fossil fuel.

Additive-Free All-Carbon Composite: A Two-Photon Material System for Nanopatterning of Fluorescent Sub-Wavelength Structures.

The major bottleneck in fabrication of engineered 3D nanostructures is the choice of materials. Adding functionality to these nanostructures is a daunting task. In order to mitigate these issues, we report a two-photon patternable all carbon material system which can be used to fabricate fluorescent 3D micro/nanostructures using two-photon lithography, with subwavelength resolution.

Rationally engineered 3D-dendritic cell-like morphologies of LDH nanostructures using graphene-based core-shell structures.

Functionalization of graphene-based materials using chemical moieties not only modify the electronic structure of the underlying graphene but also enable in limited enhancement of targeted properties. Surface modification of graphene-based materials using other nanostructures enhances the effective properties by minimally modifying the properties of pristine graphene backbone. In this pursuit, we have synthesized bio-inspired hierarchical nanostructures based on Ni-Co layered double hydroxide on reduced graphene oxide core-shells using template based wet chemical approach.

Surface Engineering of Graphene Oxide Shells Using Lamellar LDH Nanostructures.

The discovery of graphene oxide (GO) has made a profound impact on varied areas of research due to its excellent physicochemical properties. However, surface engineering of these nanostructures holds the key to enhanced surface properties. Here, we introduce surface engineering of reduced GO (rGO) shells by radially grafting Ni-Co layered double hydroxide (LDH) lamella on rGO shells to form Ni-Co LDH@rGO.

Predicting double negativity using transmitted phase in space coiling metamaterials.

Metamaterials are engineered materials that offer the flexibility to manipulate the incident waves leading to exotic applications such as cloaking, extraordinary transmission, sub-wavelength imaging and negative refraction. These concepts have largely been explored in the context of electromagnetic waves. Acoustic metamaterials, similar to their optical counterparts, demonstrate anomalous effective elastic properties.

Optical properties of stanene.

Successful synthesis of graphene has created a runaway effect in the exploration of other similar two-dimensional materials. These materials are important as they provide large surface areas and have led to the exploration of new physical phenomena. Even though graphene has exotic electronic properties, its spin-orbit coupling is very weak.

Double Negativity in 3D Space Coiling Metamaterials.

Metamaterials displaying negative refractive index has remarkable potential to facilitate the manipulation of incident waves for wide variety of applications such as cloaking, superlensing and the like. Space-coiling approach is a recently explored technique to achieve extreme properties. The space coiling phenomena cause less energy absorption as compared to local resonating phenomena for obtaining extreme parameters.

Stanene: Atomically Thick Free-standing Layer of 2D Hexagonal Tin.

Stanene is one of most important of 2D materials due to its potential to demonstrate room temperature topological effects due to opening of spin-orbit gap. In this pursuit we report synthesis and investigation of optical properties of stanene up to few layers, a two-dimensional hexagonal structural analogue of graphene. Atomic scale morphological and elemental characterization using HRTEM equipped with SAED and EDAX detectors confirm the presence of hexagonal lattice of Sn atoms.

3D Oxidized Graphene Frameworks for Efficient Nano Sieving.

The small size of Na(+) and Cl(-) ions provides a bottleneck in desalination and is a challenge in providing alternatives for continuously depleting fresh water resources. Graphene by virtue of its structural properties has the potential to address this issue. Studies have indicated that use of monolayer graphene can be used to filter micro volumes of saline solution.

Plasmonic micro lens for extraordinary transmission of broadband light.

Extraordinary transmittance and focusing of light in quasi far field region using miniaturized optical devices is a daunting task. A polarization independent, broadband, planar metallic transmissive micro aperture capable of achromatically focusing visible light in quasi far field region is proposed. The calculated enhancement factor of transmission efficiency was about ~2.