Virome profiling of through small RNA-seq: A challenge of suboptimal samples.

Viral infections in mosquitoes trigger the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, a key antiviral defense mechanism that generates virus-derived small RNAs (vsRNAs). Given the natural enrichment of vsRNAs during infection and their stability, small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) has emerged as a powerful tool for virome characterization. is a widely distributed mosquito species in North America and is an important vector of West Nile virus (WNV).

Influence of Different Levels of Ginger-Derived Liquid Protease on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Immune Organs and Gut pH in Broiler Chickens.

This study assessed the effects of ginger-derived liquid protease (GDPE) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut health, and histology in broiler chickens (n = 360) over 35 days in a completely randomized design. Four dietary treatments were provided: a control diet and three test groups with varying GDPE concentrations (0.25 ml/kg, 0.

Neuro-Ophthalmic Dengue Infection: A Case Report with a Multiple Body Site Sampling Strategy and Review of Laboratory Data.

Dengue neurological disease is an uncommon yet severe complication of dengue infection. It can manifest as encephalitis, encephalopathy, neuro-ophthalmic complications, or neuromuscular disorders. Severe infection can result in viral shedding across multiple body sites.

Growth performance, nutrients digestibility, intestinal microbiota and histology altered in broilers fed maize- or sorghum-based diets.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying levels of sorghum-based diets as an alternative to maize in broiler nutrition. A total of 320 one-day-old male Ross 708 broiler chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups (5 pens per treatment and 16 birds per pen), comprising a control group with a basal diet and groups receiving sorghum-based diets with 20%, 40%, and 100% maize replacement. The overall weight gain was significantly ( < 0.

Live performance, nutrient digestibility, immune response and fecal microbial load modulation in Japanese quails fed a -based probiotic alone or combination with xylanase.

Animal industry seeks cost-effective solutions to enhance performance and health of domestic animals. This study investigated the effects of supplementing spp. probiotics and xylanase on 2000 one-day-old Japanese quails, randomly assigned to four treatment groups (10 replicates).

Effect of citrus peeling (Citrus sinensis) on production performance, humoral immunity, nutrients, and energy utilization of broiler quails.

Citrus citrus peeling has a wide range of vitamins and trace minerals that have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. It is hypothesized that the addition of citrus peeling to broiler quail diets can improve their production performance, humoral immunity, nutrients, and energy utilization. A trial was performed to study the impact of a methanolic extract of citrus peeling (Citrus sinensis) on production performance, humoral immunity, nutrients, and energy utilization of broiler quails.

and Coinfection and Superinfection Dynamics of Mayaro and Zika Viruses in Mosquito and Vertebrate Backgrounds.

Globalization and climate change have contributed to the simultaneous increase and spread of arboviral diseases. Cocirculation of several arboviruses in the same geographic region provides an impetus to study the impacts of multiple concurrent infections within an individual vector mosquito. Here, we describe coinfection and superinfection with the Mayaro virus (Togaviridae, ) and Zika virus (Flaviviridae, ) in vertebrate and mosquito cells, as well as Aedes aegypti adult mosquitoes, to understand the interaction dynamics of these pathogens and effects on viral infection, dissemination, and transmission.

Identification of MicroRNAs in the West Nile Virus Vector Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae).

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression during important biological processes including development and pathogen defense in most living organisms. Presently, no miRNAs have been identified in the mosquito Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae), one of the most important vectors of West Nile virus (WNV) in North America. We used small RNA sequencing data and in vitro and in vivo experiments to identify and validate a repertoire of miRNAs in Cx.

Impact of varying housing systems on egg quality characteristics, fatty acid profile, and cholesterol content of Rhode Island Red × Fyoumi laying hens.

The present study was designed to study the effects of conventional and free range systems on egg quality attributes, fatty acid profile, and cholesterol contents of laying hen. Two hundred and forty R1 cross of Rhode Island Red (RIR) × Fyoumi (F) layers during the peak production were divided into two groups and reared in two different housing systems (free range vs. conventional systems).

Self-assembling tetrameric peptides allow in situ 3D bioprinting under physiological conditions.

We have developed an in situ bioprinting method that allows the printing of cells under true physiological conditions by applying self-assembling ultrashort peptides as bioinks. This method avoids cell stressing methods, such as UV-treatment, chemical crosslinking and viscous bioink printing methods. We further demonstrate that different nanomaterials can easily be synthesized or incorporated in the 3D bioprinted peptide scaffolds which opens up the possibility of functionalized 3D scaffolds.

Dengue Virus Infection of Alters Extracellular Vesicle Protein Cargo to Enhance Virus Transmission.

Dengue is the most burdensome vector-borne viral disease in the world. Dengue virus (DENV), the etiological cause of dengue, is transmitted primarily by the mosquito. Like any arbovirus, the transmission cycle of dengue involves the complex interactions of a multitude of human and mosquito factors.

Examining the Role of Niemann-Pick C1 Protein in the Permissiveness of Aedes Mosquitoes to Filoviruses.

mosquitoes vector many viruses with divergent characteristics, yet the criteria needed for a virus to be vectored by an arthropod remain unknown. The intracellular cholesterol transporter protein Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) has been identified as the necessary entry receptor for filoviruses such as Ebola and Marburg viruses. While homologues of NPC1 are observed in mosquitoes, currently no filovirus has been identified as circulating in mosquitoes.

RNA activation in insects: The targeted activation of endogenous and exogenous genes.

RNA activation (RNAa) is a newly emerging area of research in which dsRNA targeting promoter regions can induce the expression of the target gene. Although still in its infancy, it is already having significant impacts in several research areas in particular as cancer therapeutics. So far, the scope of RNAa has been limited to mammals and Caenorhabditis elegans with no indication of its prevalence in insects.

Phentotypic, gentotypic antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity of Salmonella enterica serovars Typimurium and Enteriditis in poultry and poultry products.

For detection and isolation of Salmonella enterica, 650 meat and tissue samples were processed using Rappaport-Vassiliadis Enrichment broth and Salmonella Chromogenic agar followed by confirmation through specific antisera and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting their Specific Serovar Genomic Regions (SSGRS). Isolates were tested for 15 antibiotics (CRO, AMX, GEN, STR, TET, CHL, CLR, LVX, OFX, GAT, CIP, SXT, AMP, LIN and AZM) according to the disc diffusion method and antimicrobial resistant genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), strA/strB, aadA, aac(3)IV), aadB, sul1, sul2 and sul3, blaCMY-2, blaTEM and blaSHV) using PCR. The overall prevalence of Salmonella enterica was 12%, being higher in markets (15%) as compared to poultry farms (37.

Quantification of Antibody-dependent Enhancement of the Zika Virus in Primary Human Cells.

The recent emergence of the flavivirus Zika and neurological complications, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly in infants, has brought serious public safety concerns. Among the risk factors, antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) poses the most significant threat, as the recent re-emergence of the Zika virus (ZIKV) is primarily in areas where the population has been exposed and is in a state of pre-immunity to other closely related flaviviruses, especially dengue virus (DENV). Here, we describe a protocol for quantifying the effect of human serum antibodies against DENV on ZIKV infection in primary human cells or cell lines.

Suppression of the pelo protein by Wolbachia and its effect on dengue virus in Aedes aegypti.

The endosymbiont Wolbachia is known to block replication of several important arboviruses, including dengue virus (DENV), in the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. So far, the exact mechanism of this viral inhibition is not fully understood. A recent study in Drosophila melanogaster has demonstrated an interaction between the pelo gene and Drosophila C virus.

Upregulation of Aedes aegypti Vago1 by Wolbachia and its effect on dengue virus replication.

Dengue infection along with its related disease conditions poses a significant threat to human health. The pathogen responsible for this infection is dengue virus (DENV) which is primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Unavailability of a potent vaccine has recently sparked renewed research endeavours aimed at vector control.

Cell fusing agent virus and dengue virus mutually interact in Aedes aegypti cell lines.

The genus Flavivirus contains more than 70 single-stranded, positive-sense arthropod-borne RNA viruses. Some flaviviruses are particularly medically important to humans and other vertebrates including dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus. These viruses are transmitted to vertebrates by mosquitoes and other arthropod species.

Drosophila microRNA modulates viral replication by targeting a homologue of mammalian cJun.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of biological processes, including host-virus interaction. This study investigated the involvement of Drosophila melanogaster miR-8-5p in host-virus interaction. Drosophila flies and cells challenged with Drosophila C virus (DCV) were found to have lower miR-8-5p abundance compared to uninfected samples.

Downregulation of Aedes aegypti chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7/Kismet by Wolbachia and its effect on dengue virus replication.

Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus imposing a significant burden on human health around the world. Since current control strategies are not sufficient, there is an urgent need to find alternative methods to control DENV transmission. It has been demonstrated that introduction of Wolbachia pipientis in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes can impede DENV transmission with the mechanism(s) not fully understood.

Identification of Aedes aegypti Long Intergenic Non-coding RNAs and Their Association with Wolbachia and Dengue Virus Infection.

Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are appearing as an important class of regulatory RNAs with a variety of biological functions. The aim of this study was to identify the lincRNA profile in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti and evaluate their potential role in host-pathogen interaction. The majority of previous RNA-Seq transcriptome studies in Ae.

Growth performance and meat quality of rabbits under different feeding regimes.

This study evaluated the growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality of indigenous rabbits in northern Pakistan. Weaned rabbits (age 35 days, weight 323 g) of four distinct phenotypes (white, black and white, brown and black) were fed four experimental diets: alfalfa hay (AH), berseem fodder (BF), BF supplemented with low-level concentrate (50 %; LLC) and high-level concentrate (75 %; HLC). Each experimental diet was fed to 48 rabbits, 12 of each phenotype, in a randomized complete block design.

Stable Huh-7 cell lines expressing non-structural proteins of genotype 1a of hepatitis C virus.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has infected approximately 3% of the world population. HCV genotype 1a is distributed throughout the world, and along with genotype 1b, is relatively resistant to current standards of therapy compared to other HCV genotypes. The present study was designed to produce stable Huh-7 cell lines expressing non-structural proteins of HCV genotype la, representing an in vitro system to facilitate the development of new antiviral drugs against chronic HCV infection.

Five most common prognostically important fusion oncogenes are detected in the majority of Pakistani pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients and are strongly associated with disease biology and treatment outcome.

Background And Objectives: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a complex genetic disease involving many fusion oncogenes (FO) having prognostic significance. The frequency of various FO can vary in different ethnic groups, with important implications for prognosis, drug selection and treatment outcome.

Method: We studied fusion oncogenes in 101 pediatric ALL patients using interphase FISH and RT-PCR, and their associations with clinical features and treatment outcome.

Prognostically significant fusion oncogenes in Pakistani patients with adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia and their association with disease biology and outcome.

Background And Objectives: Chromosomal abnormalities play an important role in genesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and have prognostic implications. Five major risk stratifying fusion genes in ALL are BCR-ABL, MLL-AF4, ETV6-RUNX11, E2A-PBX1 and SIL-TAL1. This work aimed to detect common chromosomal translocations and associated fusion oncogenes in adult ALL patients and study their relationship with clinical features and treatment outcome.