Integrating Serological and Genomic Data to Elucidate Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Diversity in Cattle from Bangladesh.

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), a transboundary pathogen threatening cattle health in South and Southeast Asia, presents growing challenges for disease control. This study combined serological, molecular, and genomic approaches to investigate LSDV in Barura Upazila, Bangladesh. Serological screening of 424 cattle using a commercial ELISA revealed a high seroprevalence of 55.

Discovery and Genomic Characterisation of Novel Papillomaviruses in Australian Wild Birds.

Papillomaviruses are small, circular DNA viruses that infect epithelial and mucosal cells, which have co-evolved with their hosts over time. While certain mammalian papillomaviruses-especially those linked to disease-are well studied, there is limited knowledge about papillomaviruses associated with avian species. In this study, we identified two avian papillomaviruses from eye/choana swabs of the sacred kingfisher () and the little corella (), collected in Queensland, Australia.

Viral Threats to Australian Fish and Prawns: Economic Impacts and Biosecurity Solutions-A Systematic Review.

Viral diseases pose significant threats to aquaculture industries worldwide, including the Australian fish and prawn farming sectors, which contribute over AUD 1.6 billion annually to the national economy. The Australian aquaculture industry relies heavily on wild-caught broodstock for seedstock production, introducing substantial and unprecedented biosecurity risks.

Draft genome sequence of multidrug-resistant strain Hakim RU_LJ isolated from lacchi juice in Bangladesh.

This report details the draft genome sequence of the multidrug-resistant strain Hakim RU_LJ derived from lacchi juice. The assembled genome spans 4.03 Mb, with 50.

Polymorphism analysis of GDF9 and BMP15 genes and their association with litter size in crossbreed goats in Malaysia.

The goat industry plays a crucial role in Malaysia's economy, with breeds such as Katjang and Boer being integral to the chevon supply. However, achieving self-sufficiency in goat meat production is still challenging due to the insufficient local carcass supply. To address this issue, a crossbreeding program has been initiated to improve reproductive performance in local breeds.

A systematic review on the role of gut microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease: Spotlight on virome and plant metabolites.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, arise from various factors such as dietary, genetic, immunological, and microbiological influences. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development and treatment of IBD, though the exact mechanisms remain uncertain. Current research has yet to definitively establish the beneficial effects of the microbiome on IBD.

The Spleen Virome of Australia's Endemic Platypus Is Dominated by Highly Diverse Papillomaviruses.

The platypus (), a unique monotreme, represents a pivotal point in mammalian evolution with its distinctive traits, such as electroreception and venom production. Despite its evolutionary significance, the viral diversity within platypuses remains poorly understood. This study employed next-generation sequencing to investigate the virome of the dead platypuses, uncovering a range of novel and divergent viruses.

Current trends and future potential in the detection of avian coronaviruses: An emphasis on sensors-based technologies.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), an avian coronavirus, member of the genus Gammacoronavirus, poses significant threats to poultry health, causing severe respiratory, reproductive, and renal infections. The genetic diversity of IBV, driven by mutations, recombination and deletions, has led to the emergence of numerous serotypes and genotypes, complicating both diagnosis and control measures. Rapid and accurate diagnostic tools are essential for effective disease management and minimizing economic losses.

The Global Burden of Emerging and Re-Emerging Orbiviruses in Livestock: An Emphasis on Bluetongue Virus and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus.

Bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) are vector-borne orbiviruses that pose an emerging threat to livestock, including cattle and sheep. This review summarizes the global distribution, genetic diversity, and key factors driving their spread along with the existing knowledge gaps and recommendations to mitigate their impact. Both viruses cause hemorrhagic disease in susceptible ruminants and are commonly reported in tropical and subtropical regions including North America, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and some parts of Europe.

No rumen fermentation profiles and associated microbial diversities difference were found between Hu sheep and Karakul sheep fed a cottonseed hull diet.

Background: This research aimed to investigate differences in rumen fermentation characteristics between Karakul sheep and Hu sheep reared under identical conditions. The test subjects included newborn Hu and Karakul sheep, which were monitored across three stages: stage I (Weaning period: 15 ~ 30 days), stage II (Supplementary feeding period: 31 ~ 90 days), and stage III (Complete feeding period: 91 ~ 150 days). During the supplementary feeding period, cottonseed hulls were the main roughage source.

Evidence of an emerging triple-reassortant H3N3 avian influenza virus in China.

The H3 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) stands out as one of the most prevalent subtypes, posing a significant threat to public health. In this study, a novel triple-reassortant H3N3 AIV designated A/chicken/China/16/2023 (H3N3), was isolated from a sick chicken in northern China. The complete genome of the isolate was determined using next-generation sequencing, and the AIV-like particles were confirmed via transmission electron microscopy.

Metagenomic Detection of Multiple Viruses in Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) in Australia.

Background: Birds are known to harbour many pathogens, including circovirus, herpesviruses, adenoviruses and Chlamydia psittaci. Some of these pose zoonotic risks, while others, such as beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), have a significant impact on the conservation of endangered bird species.

Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the faecal virome of a group of apparently healthy Monk parakeet using high-throughput sequencing.

Mechanistic Insights Into an Ancient Adenovirus Precursor Protein VII Show Multiple Nuclear Import Receptor Pathways.

Adenoviral pVII proteins are multifunctional, highly basic, histone-like proteins that can bind to and transport the viral genome into the host cell nucleus. Despite the identification of several nuclear localization signals (NLSs) in the pVII protein of human adenovirus (HAdV)2, the mechanistic details of nuclear transport are largely unknown. Here we provide a full characterization of the nuclear import of precursor (Pre-) pVII protein from an ancient siadenovirus, frog siadenovirus 1 (FrAdV1), using a combination of structural, functional, and biochemical approaches.

Deciphering the complete genome sequence of multidrug-resistant strain Hakim RU_GHWS isolated from ladies' hall sewage water in Bangladesh.

This report details the genome sequence of strain Hakim RU_GHWS, isolated from sewage water. The assembled genome comprises 5.022 Mb with 77.

Wildlife Viruses: Impact on Human and Animal Health.

In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the appearance of new viral infectious diseases among wildlife populations globally [...

Complete genome constellation of a dominant Bovine rotavirus genotype circulating in Bangladesh reveals NSP4 intragenic recombination with human strains.

Rotavirus A is a leading cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans and domesticated animals. Despite the vast diversity of bovine Rotavirus A strains documented in South Asian countries, there are very few whole genomes available for phylogenetic study. A cross-sectional study identified a high prevalence of the G6P[11] genotype of bovine Rotavirus A circulating in the commercial cattle population in Bangladesh.

Detection of a parvovirus and a beak and feather disease virus genome sequence from rose-ringed parakeet ().

This study reports a genome of psittaciform chaphamaparvovirus 4 (PsChPV-4) and a beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) detected in fecal materials of rose-ringed parakeet. The genomes of PsChPV-4 and BFDV were 4,304 and 2,009 bp long, respectively, and both genomes possessed a genomic structure consistent with their respective genera.

Role of miRNA in Highly Pathogenic H5 Avian Influenza Virus Infection: An Emphasis on Cellular and Chicken Models.

The avian influenza virus, particularly the H5N1 strain, poses a significant and ongoing threat to both human and animal health. Recent outbreaks have affected domestic and wild birds on a massive scale, raising concerns about the virus' spread to mammals. This review focuses on the critical role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulating pro-inflammatory signaling pathways during the pathogenesis of influenza A virus (IAV), with an emphasis on highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viral infections.

DNA Virome in Cardiac Tissue from Green Sea Turtles () with Myocarditis.

As part of a sea turtle health monitoring program on the central east coast of Queensland, Australia, stranded and sick green sea turtles () were subjected to necropsy and histopathology. A subset of these turtles had myocarditis of varying severity, which could not be attributed to parasitism by spirorchid flukes or bacterial infections. We, therefore, undertook an investigation to determine whether virus infections might be part of the pathogenesis.

Draft genome sequence of multidrug-resistant strain Hakim RU_BHWE isolated from sewage water in Bangladesh.

We have sequenced the genome of Kurthia strain Hakim RU_BHWE, isolated from sewage water. The assembled genome consists of 2.891 Mb with 58.

Draft genome sequence of carbapenems-resistant Hakim RU_CBWP strain isolated from a pond surface water in Bangladesh.

We have revealed the genomic sequence of strain Hakim RU_CBWP isolated from pond surface water. Our assembled genome covers 3.787 Mb with 45.

Opportunistic sampling of yellow canary (Crithagra flaviventris) has revealed a high genetic diversity of detected parvoviral sequences.

Parvoviruses are known to be significant viral pathogens that infect a wide range of species globally. However, little is known about the parvoviruses circulating in Australian birds, including yellow canaries. Here, we present four parvoviral sequences including three novel parvoviruses detected from 10 yellow canaries (Crithagra flaviventris), named canary chaphamaparvovirus 1 and -2 (CaChPV1 and CaChPV2), canary dependoparvovirus 1 and -2 (CaDePV1 and CaDePV2).

An optimised protocol for the expression and purification of adenovirus core protein VII.

Adenovirus protein VII (pVII) is a highly basic core protein, bearing resemblance to mammalian histones. Despite its diverse functions, a comprehensive understanding of its structural intricacies and the mechanisms underlying its functions remain elusive, primarily due to the complexity of producing a good amount of soluble pVII. This study aimed to optimise the expression and purification of recombinant pVII from four different adenoviruses with a simple vector construct.