Examining social withdrawal in relation to academic enablers in students with and without cognitive disengagement syndrome.

Students' social behaviors are associated with academic enablers and academic outcomes. However, social withdrawal, a key correlate of youth with cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS), has not been examined in relation to academic enablers. In this cross-sectional study, we examined associations between teacher-reported social withdrawal and academic enablers, and also whether associations differed for students with or without teacher-reported elevations in CDS.

Identifying resilience promoting factors and sex differences in youth with ADHD across the transition to middle school.

Background: Despite extensive research on risk factors contributing to functional impairment in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there is considerable heterogeneity in outcomes. Some youth experience significant wide-ranging impairments, others experience impairment in specific domains (e.g.

Cross-Sectional and Quasi-Longitudinal Examination of Childhood and Adult Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Insomnia.

Longitudinal studies on cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) are scarce, and only one study has investigated the trajectory of CDS from childhood to early adulthood. Given this, the aims of the present study were to explore, with a quasi-longitudinal design, (1) whether scores for childhood CDS were associated with scores for CDS during early adulthood; (2) whether childhood CDS scores were associated with childhood and adult scores for depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia; (3) whether childhood CDS, depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia and adult depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia were independently associated with adult scores for CDS, and (4) whether childhood CDS scores were directly and indirectly associated with adult CDS scores via adult depression and stress in two conditional effect models. A total of 246 young adult students (mean age = 22.

Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome is Clinically Distinct from ADHD Presentations within Childhood and Adolescence.

Objective: The objective was to determine the differential validity of a cognitive disengagement syndrome-only (CDS-only) group from ADHD-inattentive presentation-only (IN-only), ADHD-hyperactive-impulsive presentation-only (HI-only), and ADHD-combined presentation (C-only) groups within childhood (ages 5-10) and adolescence (ages 11-16).

Methods: Parents of a nationally representative sample of 5,525 Spanish youth (ages 5-16, 56.1% boys) completed measures of CDS, ADHD-inattention (IN), and ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) and other measures.

Neural Correlates of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome Symptoms in Children: A Magnetoencephalography Study.

Despite the growing recognition of cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS), previously termed sluggish cognitive tempo, as a distinct dimension of psychopathology, the neural correlates of CDS remain largely unknown. We investigated the neural correlates of CDS in children using whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG). : A community-based sample of children ( = 43, ages 8-12 years) was recruited and completed self-report ratings of CDS.

ADHD Medication and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study.

Objective: To examine whether higher attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication coverage was associated with lower depressive symptoms among adolescents who live in underresourced neighborhoods and/or identify as a member of a minoritized group.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, adolescents aged 12 to 18 years with ADHD completed a depression screener at their annual well visit. Patients were seen at a primary care office that predominantly serves minoritized, Medicaid-insured youth from underresourced neighborhoods.

The relationship between emotion dysregulation and sleep in children and adolescents with ADHD: protocol for a systematic review.

Introduction: Over half of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulties with emotion dysregulation (EDR) and/or sleep, yet the interrelations between emotional regulation and sleep are not well-characterised in this population. This systematic review will address the relationship between these difficulties and investigate whether specific aspects of EDR are more strongly related to sleep problems in youth with ADHD.

Methods And Analysis: We will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guideline for systematic reviews.

Does Stimulant Medication Status Moderate the Association Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms and Rumination?

Previous research suggests that college students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are at risk for experiencing ruminative thinking. Although research has shown that stimulant medications reduce ADHD symptoms, no research has looked at whether stimulant medication moderates the association between ADHD symptoms and rumination. Given this gap in the literature, the current study examined whether stimulant medication status moderates the association between ADHD symptoms and rumination.

Examining school climate and sleep in adolescents with and without ADHD.

Objectives: Adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are at high risk for sleep difficulties, though sleep problems are widely recognized as a public health concern for adolescents broadly. School climate represents a potentially critical but understudied influence on sleep difficulties, given growing evidence supporting its association with health outcomes. The present study is the first to utilize a multimethod, multi-informant approach, including adolescent-report, parent-report, and actigraphy, to examine associations between school climate and different aspects of sleep functioning among adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Unique associations of ADHD and cognitive disengagement syndrome symptoms with sleep problems and circadian preference in adults.

People with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience higher rates of sleep difficulties coupled with greater circadian preference for eveningness. Emerging evidence suggests that symptoms of cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) may be associated with sleep difficulties and eveningness preference independently of ADHD symptoms. However, most studies have been conducted with children, adolescents, or college students.

Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) and Psychological Ill-Being in Young Adults Using the Adult Concentration Inventory (ACI).

: Young adulthood is a demanding developmental stage, in that individuals are often faced with making major and long-lasting decisions related to career and family. This is also a heightened time of mental health difficulties. There is recent evidence that cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS; previously sluggish cognitive tempo) may also be more prevalent in young adults and associated with poorer functioning.

Examining Narcissistic Traits in Relation To Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Children At-Risk for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

The current study examined narcissistic traits in relation to proactive and reactive functions of aggression in a sample of children at-risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children ages 7-13 years (N = 110) were recruited from a pediatric ADHD assessment clinic. Caregivers completed the Antisocial Process Screening Device.

Cognitive disengagement syndrome: A construct at the crossroads.

Initially described in the mid-1980s, cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS; previously termed sluggish cognitive tempo) is a set of symptoms comprising excessive daydreaming, mental confusion, and hypoactivity that is distinct from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other psychopathology dimensions and independently associated with functional outcomes. This article provides a broad overview of the history of the CDS construct, its terminology, and the current state of the science. Although there has been a marked upsurge in research on CDS, including psychometrically rigorous assessment tools and an emerging pattern of findings across numerous domains of functioning, the existing literature base also points to the importance of marshaling an ambitious research agenda that can guide CDS into its next era.

Cognitive disengagement syndrome and depressive symptoms in early adolescents: Examining the moderating role of a negative interpretation bias.

Background: Despite previous research demonstrating an independent association between cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS; previously termed sluggish cognitive tempo) and depressive symptoms, studies have yet to examine what factors may moderate this link. A negative interpretation bias (i.e.

Setting a research agenda for examining early risk for elevated cognitive disengagement syndrome symptoms using data from the ABCD cohort.

Little research has examined early life risk for symptoms of cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) despite a well-established literature regarding co-occurring outcomes (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder).

Psychometric and Normative Information on the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory With Parent Ratings in a Nationally Representative Sample of Spanish Youth.

Psychometric and normative information is provided for the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) cognitive disengagement syndrome, anxiety, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-inattention, ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity, oppositional defiant disorder, social impairment, peer rejection, withdrawal from peer interactions, and academic impairment scales with a nationally representative sample of Spanish youth. Parents of 5,525 Spanish youth (ages 5-16, 56.1% males) completed the CABI scales on their sons and daughters.

What dimensions of school climate promote adaptive functioning in adolescents with ADHD? A prospective longitudinal study.

Background: The study of ADHD has predominantly focused on individual-level risk-factors, and less is known about contextual factors that promote adaptive functioning.

Aims: The present study is the first to evaluate the longitudinal association between five dimensions of school climate (academic expectations, student engagement, disciplinary structure, respect for students, willingness to seek help) and student outcomes, and whether ADHD symptom severity moderates those associations.

Methods And Procedures: Participants included 274 adolescents (45 % female) who completed assessments in 8th (T1) and 10th (T2) grades.

Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome and Autism Traits are Empirically Distinct from each Other and from Other Psychopathology Dimensions.

Recently, an association between cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS), formerly sluggish cognitive tempo, and autism has been documented, but it is not known if the association is due to overlapping autism and CDS traits or if CDS is empirically distinct from autism. Mothers rated 2,209 children 4-17 years (1,177 with autism, 725 with ADHD-Combined type, and 307 with ADHD-Inattentive type) on the Pediatric Behavior Scale. Factor analysis of the Pediatric Behavior Scale items indicated that CDS and autism traits are empirically distinct from each other without cross-loading and are distinct from eight other factors (attention deficit, impulsivity, hyperactivity, oppositional behavior, irritability/anger, conduct problems, depression, and anxiety).

Validity of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome with Mother and Father Ratings of Brazilian Children: Replication of Northern Hemisphere Findings in South America.

Although the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) scale has demonstrated validity relative to the CABI attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattention (ADHD-IN) scale with parent ratings of youth from North America, Europe, East Asia, and Central Asia, no study has evaluated the validity of the 15 symptom CDS scale with children from South America. Our purpose was to examine for the first time the validity of the CABI CDS scale with Brazilian children. Latent variable modeling procedures were used to examine the validity of CDS scores.

Mindful Awareness Practices (MAPs) in Adolescents With ADHD and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS): A Pilot Open Trial.

Very few studies have investigated intervention approaches that may be efficacious for youth with ADHD and co-occurring cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) symptoms. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention for adolescents with ADHD and co-occurring CDS symptoms. Fourteen adolescents ages 13 to 17 years (35.

Psychometric examination of the patient-reported outcome measurement information system parent proxy pediatric sleep measures from early childhood to adolescence in a nationally representative Spanish sample.

Study Objectives: To use a nationally representative sample to (1) evaluate the factor structure of the patient-reported outcome measurement information system (PROMIS) parent proxy pediatric sleep scales (Spanish translation), (2) examine the invariance of these scales across sex and across different developmental periods of childhood and adolescence, (3) confirm the information and precision of the scales using item response theory (IRT), and (4) provide age-based normative information.

Methods: Parents of a nationally representative sample of 5525 Spanish children and adolescents ages 5-16 years (56.1% boys) completed the Spanish translation parent proxy short versions of the sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment scales.

ADHD and cognitive disengagement syndrome symptoms related to self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in early adolescents.

The current study examined attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) dimensions and cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) symptoms in relation to self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) in an early adolescent sample. Participants were 341 adolescents ages 10-12 years (52.2% female; 37.

Later ("evening") circadian preference is associated with poorer executive, academic, and attentional functioning in adolescents with and without ADHD.

Background: Adolescents vary considerably in their circadian phase preference; those with greater "eveningness" (also known as "night owls") have later bedtimes, wake times, and peak arousal compared to those with greater "morningness." Prior research suggests that (a) greater eveningness is associated with worse academic, executive, and attentional functioning; and (b) adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tend to be high in eveningness and to have deficits in these school-related constructs. However, few studies have examined circadian preference alongside two potential confounds-sleep duration and sleep quality-as predictors of daytime functioning, or whether the strength of associations differs across adolescents with and without ADHD.

Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome-Clinical Interview (CDS-CI): Psychometric support for caregiver and youth versions.

Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS), formerly termed sluggish cognitive tempo, is a set of symptoms characterized by excessive daydreaming, mental confusion, and slowed behavior/thinking. CDS is distinct from symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other psychopathologies and uniquely associated with functional impairment. However, despite significant progress in developing and evaluating rating scale measures of CDS, no clinical interview of CDS exists with established psychometric properties that can facilitate a multimethod approach assessing CDS.

Examining ADHD and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome Symptoms in Relation to Food Insecurity in Early Adolescents.

Approximately 13.8 million U.S.