Abdominopelvic complications of gynecologic malignancy: Essentials for radiologists.

Gynecologic cancers are among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among female patients, with over 80 % of patients experiencing persistent or long-term effects even after curative treatment. Abdominopelvic complications can arise from the disease itself or treatment-related factors. Tumor-related complications include effects from locoregional invasion (malignant bowel obstruction, obstructive uropathy), tumor rupture (and associated hemorrhage), hypercoagulability (leading to deep vein thrombosis), and infections (including tumor fistulization to the bowel or lower urinary tract, abscesses, pyometra, and/or superinfected necrosis).

Feasibility and Safety of a Three-Dimensional Sheath for Right Ventricular Septal Endomyocardial Biopsy.

Background: Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is a complementary invasive procedure for the diagnosis of several cardiac diseases. New technical developments are needed to increase the safety of the procedure even in low-volume centers.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients who underwent EMB in our institution, which is a non-heart transplant tertiary care center.

Lymphocytic myocarditis: A histopathologic definition and classification from the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology and Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology. I: Endomyocardial biopsy.

Background And Aim: Lymphocytic myocarditis has long been appreciated as a lymphocyte-predominant myocardial inflammation with resultant myocyte injury. However, current methods of diagnosis on endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) lead to inconsistent diagnoses. To improve patient care, the criteria for the diagnosis of lymphocytic myocarditis on endomyocardial biopsies have been revised to address shortcomings of the Dallas Criteria and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) criteria.

Congo red fluorescence enhances digital pathology workflow in cardiac amyloidosis.

Despite advances in non-invasive methods, endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) remains essential for definitive diagnosis of amyloidosis in many cases. Traditionally, Congo red birefringence (CRB) has been crucial for identifying amyloid deposits but is challenging to capture digitally. Emerging fluorescent Congo red imaging (CRF) overcomes this problem and holds promise in image analysis and AI applications.

Updated ESUR Guidelines for Endometrial Cancer: integrating MRI with the 2023 FIGO Staging Revolution.

Objectives: To summarize the key updates introduced in the 2023 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification for endometrial cancer (EC), and to highlight the role of MRI in aligning with these changes for improved staging and patient management.

Materials And Methods: A review of the updated 2023 FIGO classification, which integrates molecular profiling and histopathological criteria, was conducted. Additionally, the revised European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) MRI recommendations were analyzed to assess their alignment with the new FIGO framework, focusing on their role in evaluating myometrial invasion (MI) and cervical stromal involvement.

Clinical impact of follow-up endomyocardial biopsy in myocarditis during or after immune-suppressive therapy.

Aims: While the diagnostic role of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) in myocarditis is unquestioned, little is known about its indications and clinical value during long-term follow-up. We aim to report our experience on the clinical relevance of repeating EMB in a cohort of biopsy-proven myocarditis patients treated with immune-suppressive therapy (IMT).

Methods And Results: We retrospectively included 92 patients with virus-negative EMB-proven myocarditis treated with IMT, of whom 22 [73% male, 37 years, interquartile range (IQR) 33-48] received at least one, uneventful, follow-up EMB, 3.

Incidental findings in female pelvis MRI performed for gynaecological malignancies.

Incidental findings on female pelvic MRI present diagnostic challenges and may have significant clinical implications. Defined as abnormalities unrelated to the primary imaging indication, these findings have become increasingly prevalent with the expanded use of MRI in gynaecological practice. Standard gynaecological MRI protocols, incorporating T1- and T2-weighted sequences, diffusion-weighted imaging, and contrast-enhanced sequences, facilitate the characterisation of numerous extra-gynaecological abnormalities, ranging from benign to critical lesions.

A Retrospective Assessment of Computed Tomography-Based Body Composition and Toxicity in Ovarian Cancer Patients Treated with PARP Inhibitors.

The objective of this single-site retrospective study was to assess the association between Computed Tomography (CT)-based whole-body composition values with dose reduction in patients with a diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) treated with poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi). : Forty-eight patients (median age 61 years; interquartile range 53-68.5) with EOC who had a thorax and abdomen CT scan (performed before starting PARPi) were enrolled.

Perioperative Strategies in Resectable Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with EGFR Mutations and ALK Rearrangement.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, ranking first among men and second among women for both incidence and mortality. Surgery remains the primary treatment for early-stage, resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), encompassing stages I and selected cases of stage IIIB. For patients with stage II to III disease, as well as some stage IB tumors, neoadjuvant or adjuvant systemic therapies are recommended.

Radiation Dose Reduction in Cancer Imaging with New-Model CT Scanners: A Quality of Care Evaluation.

Background/objectives: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether the replacement of roughly one-decade-old computed tomography (CT) scanners with new-model CT scanners were associated with an additional reduction in the radiation dose delivered to oncological patients, in a radiological setting where the optimization of protocols had already reached very low radiation doses. An exploratory secondary objective was to evaluate the potential differences in the objective image quality between the CT scans obtained before and after the installation of the new-generation CT scanners.

Methods: Chest and abdominal CT examinations conducted for oncologic purposes were retrospectively selected from two time periods-prior to scanner replacement (2022) and following an upgrade (2024)-after five CT systems in our radiology department were replaced.

The impact of iodinated contrast medium on bone mineral density (BMD) quantification in computed tomography: a monocentric retrospective study evaluating phases, sex and age differences.

Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to assess the impact of iodinated contrast medium on bone mineral density (BMD) measurement in CT scans. The secondary purpose was to evaluate the impact of contrast medium on different acquisition phases, stratified by sex and age.

Material And Methods: CT examinations acquired in the emergency room between January 2019 and September 2021, before and after contrast medium administration, were included.

Multi-model quantitative MRI of uterine cancers in precision medicine's era-a narrative review.

Purpose: This review aims to summarize the current applications of quantitative MRI biomarkers in the staging, treatment response evaluation, and prognostication of endometrial (EC) and cervical cancer (CC). By focusing on functional imaging techniques, we explore how these biomarkers enhance personalized cancer management beyond traditional morphological assessments.

Methods: A structured search of the PubMed database from January to May 2024 was conducted to identify relevant studies on quantitative MRI in uterine cancers.

Pharmacological Management of Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy: Where We Are and Where We Are Going.

Transthyretin (TTR) amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a progressive disease that has emerged as a significant cause of heart failure. Advances in the understanding of ATTR-CM pathophysiology have revolutionised its therapeutic landscape over the past decade, with the development of targeted therapies that are able to improve survival and quality of life. TTR stabilizers, such as tafamidis and acoramidis, can reduce TTR instability and subsequent amyloid fibril formation.

The Role of [F]FES PET/CT in Breast Cancer Management: An Umbrella Review.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Estrogen receptor (ER) status is a key determinant in the diagnosis and treatment of BC. Although immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the gold standard for ER assessment, it has limitations.

Hydrocarbon Exposure in Myocarditis: Rare Toxic Cause or Trigger? Insights from a Biopsy-Proven Fulminant Viral Case and a Systematic Literature Review.

Toxic myocarditis (TM) is rare, and no systematic evidence is available regarding its treatment or prognosis. Hydrocarbons even more rarely cause TM, and they are associated with severe extracardiac toxicity. Moreover, a pathogenic interaction between viral and toxic agents in TM has not been studied.

European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) guidelines on MR imaging prior to fertility-sparing treatments in patients with cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers.

Objective: To establish standardised MRI protocols and structured reporting guidelines for optimal patient selection in fertility-sparing treatments for gynaecological cancers.

Methods: The European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) Female Pelvis Working Group utilised the RAND-UCLA Appropriateness Method to develop these guidelines. A multidisciplinary panel composed of ten radiologists and two gynaecological oncologists conducted a comprehensive review of clinical and imaging literature (until 28th February 2025) and evaluated MRI protocols through a structured survey consisting of 104 questions across five sections covering MR imaging preparation, equipment specifications, protocols, and reporting standards.

Use of Open-Source Large Language Models for Automatic Synthesis of the Entire Imaging Medical Records of Patients: A Feasibility Study.

Background/objectives: Reviewing the entire history of imaging exams of a single patient's records is an essential step in clinical practice, but it is time and resource consuming, with potential negative effects on workflow and on the quality of medical decisions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of three open-source large language models (LLMs) for the automatic generation of concise summaries of patient's imaging records. Secondary objectives were to assess correlations among the LLMs and to evaluate the length reduction provided by each model.

Integrating Novel and Classical Prognostic Factors in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: A Machine Learning-Based Predictive Model (ESTHER Study).

: This study aimed to assess the prognostic significance of pretreatment nutritional and systemic inflammatory indices (IIs), and body composition parameters in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) treated with chemoradiation and brachytherapy. The goal was to identify key predictors of clinical outcomes, such as local control (LC), metastasis-free survival (MFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS), using machine learning techniques. : A retrospective analysis of 173 patients with LACC treated between 2007 and 2021 was conducted.

Intercalated Disc Abnormalities Are Linked to Arrhythmias in Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy.

Background: The relationship between intercalated disc abnormalities (IDAs) and arrhythmias in inflammatory cardiomyopathy (ICM) remains incompletely understood.

Objectives: This study presents a pilot research that aimed to: 1) investigate the link between IDAs and arrhythmias in humans with ICM; and 2) compare findings in humans and mice with experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM).

Methods: Humans with ICM (N = 316) investigated for either genetic or autoimmune IDAs were identified at a referral center.

Anti-interleukin-5 efficacy in an inclisiran-triggered eosinophilic myocarditis: a case report.

Background: Eosinophilic myocarditis is a rare condition that can be associated with hypersensitivity reactions. Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is required for diagnosis, especially when cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is inconclusive. Immunosuppressive treatment is usually limited to corticosteroids.

The Node Reporting and Data System (Node-RADS) for standardized MRI evaluation of lymph nodes in endometrial cancer, integrated with clinicopathological and molecular data.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of Node-RADS score using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting lymph node involvement (LNI) in patients with endometrial cancer (EC). Additionally, the applicability of the Node-RADS score was evaluated by three readers with different levels of experience in pelvic imaging. Finally, this study investigated the correlation between the Node-RADS score and the extent of myometrial invasion, histological type, lympho vascular invasion (LVI) and molecular subtype.

The frequency of CD3+ lymphocytes in non-myocarditis endomyocardial biopsies.

Lymphocytic myocarditis is a serious disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular pathology has an important role in its diagnosis, a diagnosis historically made using the presence of a lymphocytic infiltrate and myocyte injury (Dallas Criteria). The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) criteria, additionally, use a threshold of immune cells, determined by CD3 immunohistochemical stains to render the diagnosis of myocarditis on endomyocardial biopsy.

Statin-Intolerant Patients Exhibit Diminished Muscle Strength Regardless of Lipid-Lowering Therapy.

Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) is a frequent side effect of statin therapy, limiting its clinical use and increasing cardiovascular risk. Its relationship with muscle performance and quality is not completely understood. The aim of our study was to retrospectively assess the differences between body composition and muscle strength in patients with SAMS, compared with matched controls.

The 'Padua classification' of cardiomyopathies into three groups: hypertrophic/restrictive, dilated/hypokinetic, and scarring/arrhythmogenic.

The newly proposed classification of cardiomyopathies, referred to as 'the Padua Classification', is based on both pathobiological basis (genetics, molecular biology, and pathology) and clinical features (morpho-functional and structural ventricular remodelling as evidenced by cardiac magnetic resonance). Cardiomyopathies are grouped into tree main categories and characterized by a designation combining both 'anatomical' and 'functional' features: hypertrophic/restrictive, dilated/hypokinetic, and scarring/arrhythmogenic; each cardiomyopathy group includes either genetic or non-genetic aetiologic variants. This novel approach aims to enhance the diagnostic accuracy and to support 'disease-specific' therapeutic strategies, with the objective to improve patient management and outcome.