Simulation and experiment of laser cladding layer for repairing brake disc in heavy-duty vehicles.

The damage to brake discs in heavy-duty vehicles caused by uneven wear is usually repaired with milling method, which reduces their radius and accordingly shortens their service life. Laser cladding repair can maintain the radius, thereby gradually becoming a promising method for brake disc repair, but the complexity of the laser cladding process causes the cladding layer to generate defects that decrease the repair quality. Here, we studied the regulation mechanism of laser power, beam diameter and scanning speed in the cladding layer's quality via simulation and experiment.

Impaired Iron-Sulfur Cluster Synthesis Induces Mitochondrial PARthanatos in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a severe complication of diabetes, is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Despite its severity, the intrinsic factors governing cardiomyocyte damage in DCM remain unclear. It is hypothesized that impaired iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster synthesis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of DCM.

Hydrogen sulfide improves endothelial barrier function by modulating the ubiquitination degradation of KLF4 through TRAF7 S-sulfhydration in diabetic aorta.

Anomalous vascular endothelium significantly contributes to various cardiovascular diseases. VE-cadherin plays a vital role in governing the endothelial barrier. Krüppel-like factor 4(KLF4), as a transcription factor, which binds the VE-cadherin promoter and enhances its transcription.

SIRT5-related lysine demalonylation of GSTP1 contributes to cardiomyocyte pyroptosis suppression in diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5), localized in the mitochondria, has been identified as a protein desuccinylase and demalonylase in the mitochondria since the depletion of SIRT5 boosted the global succinylation and malonylation of mitochondrial proteins. We investigated the role of SIRT5 in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and identified the mechanism regarding lysine demalonylation in this process. Wild-type and SIRT5 knockout mice were induced with DCM, and primary cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts extracted from wild-type and SIRT5 knockout mice were subjected to high glucose (HG).

Exogenous H S promotes ubiquitin-mediated degradation of SREBP1 to alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy via SYVN1 S-sulfhydration.

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy, a distinctive complication of diabetes mellitus, has been correlated with the presence of intracellular lipid deposits. However, the intricate molecular mechanisms governing the aberrant accumulation of lipid droplets within cardiomyocytes remain to be comprehensively elucidated.

Methods: Both obese diabetic (db/db) mice and HL-1 cells treated with 200 μmol/L palmitate and 200 μmol/L oleate were used to simulate type 2 diabetes conditions.

Exogenous HS initiating Nrf2/GPx4/GSH pathway through promoting Syvn1-Keap1 interaction in diabetic hearts.

Excessive ROS accumulation contributes to cardiac injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a vital endogenous gasotransmitter to alleviate cardiac damage in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Hydrogen sulphide reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in cardiac tissues of db/db mice via Hrd1 S-sulfhydration.

Accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) induces cardiac dysfunctions in type 2 diabetes patients. Recent studies have shown that hydrogen sulphide (H S) ameliorates cardiac functions in db/db mice, but its regulation on the formation of LDs in cardiac tissues is unclear. Db/db mice were injected with NaHS (40 μmol·kg ) for twelve weeks.

Exogenous H S prevents the nuclear translocation of PDC-E1 and inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in the diabetic state.

Hydrogen sulphide (H S) inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation induced by hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia; however, the mechanisms are unclear. Here, we observed lower H S levels and higher expression of the proliferation-related proteins PCNA and cyclin D1 in db/db mouse aortae and vascular smooth muscle cells treated with 40 mmol/L glucose and 500 μmol/L palmitate, whereas exogenous H S decreased PCNA and cyclin D1 expression. The nuclear translocation of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-E1 (PDC-E1) was significantly increased in VSMCs treated with high glucose and palmitate, and it increased the level of acetyl-CoA and histone acetylation (H3K9Ac).

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Residual Stress in the Curved Surface Forming of 12CrNi2 Alloy Steel by Laser Melting Deposition.

The performance and service life of the nuclear emergency diesel engine shaft made of 12CrNi2 alloy steel is very important for the safety of nuclear power. Laser melting deposition (LMD) is a challenging camshaft-forming technology due to its high precision, rapid prototyping, and excellent parts performance. However, LMD is an unsteady process under the local action of laser, especially for curved surface forming, which is more likely to generate large residual stress on components, resulting in cracks and other defects.

Hydrogen sulphide ameliorating skeletal muscle atrophy in db/db mice via Muscle RING finger 1 S-sulfhydration.

Muscle atrophy occurs in many pathological states, including cancer, diabetes and sepsis, whose results primarily from accelerated protein degradation and activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Expression of Muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, was increased to induce the loss of muscle mass in diabetic condition. However, hydrogen sulphide (H S) plays a crucial role in the variety of physiological functions, including antihypertension, antiproliferation and antioxidant.

Inner surface of slippery zone: ratchet effect of lunate cells causes anisotropic superhydrophobicity.

Inner surface of slippery zone shows anisotropic superhydrophobic wettability. Here, we investigate what factors cause the anisotropy via sliding angle measurement, morphology/structure observation and model analysis. Static contact angle of ultrapure-water droplet exhibits the value of 154.

Exogenous HS Induces Hrd1 S-sulfhydration and Prevents CD36 Translocation via VAMP3 Ubiquitylation in Diabetic Hearts.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) plays physiological roles in vascular tone regulation, cytoprotection, and ATP synthesis. HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein (Hrd1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is involved in protein trafficking. HS may play a role in controlling fatty acid uptake in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in a manner correlated with modulation of Hrd1 S-sulfhydration; however, this role remains to be elucidated.

Influence of Crack Size on Stress Evaluation of Ferromagnetic Low Alloy Steel with Metal Magnetic Memory Technology.

Based on the magneto-mechanical effect, the influence of crack size on stress evaluated with metal magnetic memory (MMM) technology was discussed in this paper. Based on equivalent theory, the regular rectangular grooves, with different widths and depths, were precut in the surface of an experimental sample for simulating surface crack, and a three dimensional electrically controlled displacement system was used to collect the () signal of the sample under different stresses, and the fracture morphology was observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the influence of detection line on () signal can be ignored; as stress increases, the () signal turns counterclockwise around zero-crossing point and its mutation, corresponding to the location of groove, becomes distinct gradually.

Effect of Thermal Cycle on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melted Low-Alloy Steel.

Low-alloy steel samples were successfully fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The evolution of the microstructure and the mechanical properties were investigated with different values of the energy area density (EAD). The results revealed that the initial solidification microstructures of the single tracks with different EADs were all martensite.

CaSR activates PKCδ to induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis via ER stress‑associated apoptotic pathways during ischemia/reperfusion.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can be activated by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in cardiomyocytes. Persistent ER stress, with an increase in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) concentration, leads to apoptosis. Protein kinase C (PKC) has a key role in myocardial damage by elevation of [Ca2+]i.

Exogenous HS reduces the acetylation levels of mitochondrial respiratory enzymes via regulating the NAD-SIRT3 pathway in cardiac tissues of mice.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS), a gaseous molecule, is involved in modulating multiple physiological functions, such as antioxidant, antihypertension, and the production of polysulfide cysteine. HS may inhibit reactive oxygen species generation and ATP production through modulating respiratory chain enzyme activities; however, the mechanism of this effect remains unclear. In this study, mice, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and H9c2 cells treated with high glucose, oleate, and palmitate were used as animal and cellular models of type 2 diabetes.

Contributions of lunate cells and wax crystals to the surface anisotropy of slippery zone.

slippery zone presents surface anisotropy depending on its specialized structures. Herein, via macro-micro-nano scaled experiments, we analysed the contributions of lunate cells and wax crystals to this anisotropy. Macroscopic climbing of insects showed large displacements (triple body length within 3 s) and high velocities (6.

Hydrogen sulfide regulates muscle RING finger-1 protein S-sulfhydration at Cys to prevent cardiac structural damage in diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Background And Purpose: Hydrogen sulfide (H S) plays important roles as a gasotransmitter in pathologies. Increased expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, muscle RING finger-1 (MuRF1), may be involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Here we have investigated whether and how exogenous H S alleviates cardiac muscle degradation through modifications of MuRF1 S-sulfhydration in db/db mice.

Antifouling performance and mechanism of elastic graphene-silicone rubber composite membranes.

Composite coatings have attracted great attention as an eco-friendly and economic solution to prevent ship hulls from biofouling. Inspired by the unstable surfaces of marine organisms with antifouling properties, this study describes the preparation of graphene-silicone rubber composite membranes. The membranes are characterized by a low surface energy and an adjustable elastic modulus, and these properties are conducive to preventing biofouling.

Progress and Challenges of Ultrasonic Testing for Stress in Remanufacturing Laser Cladding Coating.

Stress in laser cladding coating is an important factor affecting the safe operation of remanufacturing components. Ultrasonic testing has become a popular approach in the nondestructive evaluation of stress, because it has the advantages of safety, nondestructiveness, and online detection. This paper provides a review of ultrasonic testing for stress in remanufacturing laser cladding coating.

Exogenous HS switches cardiac energy substrate metabolism by regulating SIRT3 expression in db/db mice.

Unlabelled: Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is involved in diverse physiological functions, such as anti-hypertension, anti-proliferation, regulating ATP synthesis, and reactive oxygen species production. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a NAD -dependent deacetylase that regulates mitochondrial energy metabolism. The role of HS in energy metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) may be related to regulate SIRT3 expression; however, this role remains to be elucidated.

Exogenous H2S Protects Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Activating Autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR Pathway.

Background/aim: Autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis through the disposal and recycling of cellular components. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is the third endogenous gas that has been shown to confer cardiac protective effects. Given the regulation of autophagy in cardioprotection, this study aimed to investigate the protective effects of H2S via autophagy during high glucose treatment.

Exogenous HS facilitating ubiquitin aggregates clearance via autophagy attenuates type 2 diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes. Hydrogen sulphide (HS), a newly found gaseous signalling molecule, has an important role in many regulatory functions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of exogenous HS on autophagy and its possible mechanism in DCM induced by type II diabetes (T2DCM).

Calcium sensing receptor initiating cystathionine-gamma-lyase/hydrogen sulfide pathway to inhibit platelet activation in hyperhomocysteinemia rat.

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy, high homocysteine) induces the injury of endothelial cells (ECs). Hydrogen sulfide (HS) protects ECs and inhibits the activation of platelets. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) regulates the production of endogenous HS.