Palmitoylation in cardiometabolic diseases: From molecular mechanisms to clinical implications.

Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), encompassing both cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndromes, are among the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality. Protein S-palmitoylation, a reversible lipid-based post-translational modification, has emerged as a crucial regulator of cellular function and homeostasis. Palmitoylation is catalysed by palmitoyl transferases (PATs), also known as ZDHHC (zinc finger Asp-His-His-Cys) proteins, while a series of deacylases mediate the process of depalmitoylation.

Integrative evidence linking excessive daytime sleepiness, narcolepsy, and hypertension: insights from NHANES, Mendelian randomization, and proteomics.

Background: This study aimed to explore associations and causality between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), narcolepsy, and hypertension.

Methods: Publicly available data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and protein quantitative trait locus (pQTL) data sets were used for analysis. Logistic regression models assessed the association between different frequencies of EDS and hypertension, and sex-stratified subgroup analyses were also performed.

Advances in Palmitoylation: A key Regulator of liver cancer development and therapeutic targets.

Liver cancer ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, which remains a significant public health concern. The development of liver cancer is associated with several signaling pathways, particularly metabolic reprogramming. Protein S-palmitoylation, a type of lipid post-translational modification (PTM), involves the reversible attachment of palmitic acid to a cysteine residue through a thioester bond.

Ocular hypertension after silicone oil filling surgery for high myopia: a case-control study.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the correlation between specific clinical parameters, such as axial eye length, and the onset of ocular hypertension "OH" following the use of silicone oil filling in patients with high myopia.

Method: In this retrospective analysis, we reviewed 214 eyes from 432 patients diagnosed with severe myopia, all of whom underwent vitrectomy and were treated with silicone oil filling. The study aimed to document the incidence and timing of postoperative ocular hypertension "OH" while assessing various factors, including demographic details, medical history, additional surgical interventions, and findings from supplementary examinations (such as axial length, silicone oil emulsification, and anterior chamber penetration).

Association of COPD with adverse outcomes in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction.

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to detect the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on the prognosis of heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We systematically screened eligible literature from three electronic databases, PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library, up to April 2023. Two researchers participated in data collection independently.

Association Between Liver Fibrosis Score and Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study of Hospitalized Patients.

Objectives: To investigate the association between liver fibrosis score and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A total of 897 hospitalized patients with T2DM were included in this study. Each patient completed DKD screening.

Dysregulation of ferroptosis-related genes in granulosa cells associates with impaired oocyte quality in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Poor oocyte quality remains one of the major challenges for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients during fertilization (IVF) treatment. Granulosa cells (GCs) in PCOS display altered functions and could cause an unfavorable microenvironment for oocyte growth and maturation. Ferroptosis is a new form of programmed cell death, but its role in PCOS has been largely unclarified.

Association between proliferative-to-secretory endometrial compaction and pregnancy outcomes after embryo transfer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Study Question: Does the change in endometrial thickness (EMT) from the end of the follicular/estrogen phase to the day of embryo transfer (ET) determine subsequent pregnancy outcomes?

Summary Answer: Endometrial compaction from the late-proliferative to secretory phase is not associated with live birth rate (LBR) and other pregnancy outcomes.

What Is Known Already: Endometrial compaction has been suggested to be indicative of endometrial responsiveness to progesterone, and its association with ET outcome has been investigated but is controversial.

Study Design, Size, Duration: A systematic review with meta-analysis was carried out.

A role for macrophages under cytokine control in mediating resistance to ADI-PEG20 (pegargiminase) in ASS1-deficient mesothelioma.

Background: Pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20; pegargiminase) depletes arginine and improves survival outcomes for patients with argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1)-deficient malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Optimisation of ADI-PEG20-based therapy will require a deeper understanding of resistance mechanisms, including those mediated by the tumor microenvironment. Here, we sought to reverse translate increased tumoral macrophage infiltration in patients with ASS1-deficient MPM relapsing on pegargiminase therapy.

Oncolytic Adenovirus, a New Treatment Strategy for Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in males. Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is an effective strategy to inhibit tumour growth at early stages. However, 10~50% of cases are estimated to progress to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) which currently lacks effective treatments.

Effects of oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with pulmonary diseases.

Background: To evaluate the effect of oral anticoagulants (OACs) therapy, including vitamin K antagonist (VKA) and direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) in patients with pulmonary diseases.

Methods: Literature from PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library were screened until June 2022. Studies assessing OACs for pulmonary hypertension (PH), pulmonary embolism (PE), pulmonary fibrosis (PF), or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were evaluated for inclusion.

Is the Risk of Diabetes Lower in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Direct Oral Anticoagulant Compared to Warfarin?

Background: The use of anticoagulants is an established strategy to prevent stroke, embolism, and cardiovascular mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), but its role in the prevention of incident diabetes is unclear. We aimed to investigate this question by using participant data from cohort studies.

Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of participants to investigate the impact of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) on the risk of new-onset diabetes in AF patients.

Association of Depression, Antidepressants With Atrial Fibrillation Risk: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Depression is a possible influence factor for the increased risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF). Although several investigations have assessed their association, the results are still controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between depression or using antidepressants and AF.