Co-elution of -NMIFAs in the 18:3t region: analytical approach in fatty acid identification.

Accurate identification of -18:3 fatty acid isomers remain challenging due to the co-elution of structurally diverse isomers, particularly non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids (NMIFAs). GC-FID analysis of pine nut using an SP™-2560 column revealed unusually high peak areas (> 13%) in the 18:3t region. However, a peak reduction in the 18:3t region after nitric acid-induced isomerization reaction, suggested the presence of isomers in native pine nut.

Association between long-term exposure to a mixture of ambient air pollutants and the incidences of bladder and kidney cancers.

Background: Evidence regarding associations between air pollution and urinary system cancers, including bladder cancer (BC) and kidney cancer (KC), remains limited and inconsistent. This study assessed the impact of long-term exposure to air pollutant mixtures on BC and KC incidence.

Materials And Methods: Using data from the Korean National Health Information Database (2011-2021) and air pollution estimates (2007-2019), we conducted a nested case-control study involving 3788 BC cases with 15,152 matched controls and 4084 KC cases with 16,336 matched controls.

Intrapulmonary Spreading of Pharyngeally Instilled Liquids: Impact of Nanoparticle Concentration and PEG Lubrication in Polymer Lung Surfactant Solutions.

The efficacy of surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) depends on the effective delivery of active ingredients─therapeutic lung surfactant (LS), specifically polymer lung surfactant (PLS) nanoparticles in this study─to their target site, the alveoli, in the lungs. This study examines how PLS concentration affects the spreading and distribution of PLS solutions in mouse lungs. A constant volumetric dose (∼80 μL, 4 mL/kg body weight) of PLS solutions at three polymer concentrations (0.

Investigating contact resistance between WO and metal electrodes in ECRAMs via interface analysis.

In neuromorphic computing, which overcomes the limitations of the von Neumann architecture, resistive processing units performing data processing and memory storage simultaneously have been widely researched. Among analog resistive devices, electrochemical random-access memories (ECRAMs) have drawn significant attention, which operate via ion movements to control channel conductance. Despite their promising switching characteristics, the contact resistance between Tungsten oxide (WO) channel and metal electrodes has not been studied yet.

Highly-efficient and scalable TrioN (3N0C) synaptic cell for analog process-in-memory.

The development of non-volatile memory (NVM)-based cross-point arrays has paved the way for the realization of neuromorphic architectures toward analog process-in-memory (aPIM). However, the inherent non-ideal characteristics of NVM devices such as asymmetry necessitate capacitor-based synaptic cells. We introduce a capacitorless 3-NMOS 0-capacitor (TrioN, 3N0C) cross-point device, a novel synaptic cell leveraging amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO), and a promising oxide semiconductor with low off-current.

Unconventional Multimodal Switching in Single-Crystalline Nanowire Channel ECRAM.

Electrochemical random-access memory (ECRAM) devices are promising synaptic elements for neuromorphic computing due to their uniform and tunable programmability. However, despite growing interest in ECRAM devices, studies have primarily focused on devices with amorphous or polycrystalline tungsten oxide (WO) films, leaving the impact of single-crystalline materials in oxygen-based ECRAMs largely unexplored. This work reports the first realization of single-crystalline hexagonal tungsten oxide (h-WO) nanowire (NW) based ECRAM device.

Analog Switching in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Memristors via Multiple Nano-Filaments Confinement.

Memristors have emerged as a key building block for artificial neural networks (ANNs), offering energy efficiency and high scalability for hardware-based synaptic weight updates. As device miniaturization is crucial for enhancing memristor performance, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) stands out as a promising resistive switching medium due to its excellent insulating characteristics even at an atomically thin scale. However, conventional h-BN memristors suffer from abrupt switching behavior by uncontrollable filament formation, limiting their potential for ANN applications.

Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 Reverses Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression Through Dual Modulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity.

Deficiencies in immune function increase susceptibility to infections and chronic diseases by impairing immune surveillance and tolerance mechanisms, especially in children with immature immune systems. Chronic inflammation associated with immune dysfunction can impair childhood by suppressing the GH-IGF-1. HT042 is composed of , , and , which are medicinal herbs that are traditionally utilized in East Asia to promote growth and enhance immune function; thus, HT042 itself holds potential as an immunomodulator.

Long-term ambient ozone exposure and lung cancer mortality: A nested case-control study in Korea.

The link between long-term exposure to tropospheric ozone (O) and risk of lung cancer mortality remains uncertain. We aimed to provide new insights into the association between long-term O exposure and lung cancer mortality in Korea. A nested case-control study was conducted within a cancer-free cohort of 1,731,513 individuals who underwent health screenings provided by the National Health Insurance Service in 2006-2007.

Assessing the Efficacy of Ligilactobacillus salivarius CLS0420 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CLPC0603 on Vaginal Well-Being in Healthy Women: A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Despite the growing development of probiotics for preventing bacterial vaginosis (BV), their effectiveness in women without BV has not been thoroughly investigated. This pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study aims to assess the impact of orally administered probiotic strains, exhibiting in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans, on vaginal well-being in women without preexisting health conditions. Healthy women (n = 30, aged 19-50) were enrolled and randomly assigned using simple randomization to receive either probiotic or placebo capsules.

Unveiling ECRAM switching mechanisms using variable temperature Hall measurements for accelerated AI computation.

Electrochemical random-access memory devices are promising for analog cross-point array-based artificial intelligence accelerators due to their high stability and programmability. However, understanding their switching mechanism is challenging due to complex multilayer structures and the high resistivity of oxide materials. Here, we fabricate multi-terminal Hall-bar devices and conduct alternating current magnetic parallel dipole line Hall measurements to extract transport parameters.

The Farm Animal Genotype-Tissue Expression (FarmGTEx) Project.

Genetic mutation and drift, coupled with natural and human-mediated selection and migration, have produced a wide variety of genotypes and phenotypes in farmed animals. We here introduce the Farm Animal Genotype-Tissue Expression (FarmGTEx) Project, which aims to elucidate the genetic determinants of gene expression across 16 terrestrial and aquatic domestic species under diverse biological and environmental contexts. For each species, we aim to collect multiomics data, particularly genomics and transcriptomics, from 50 tissues of 1,000 healthy adults and 200 additional animals representing a specific context.

Metabolomic insight into the link of intermuscular fat with cognitive performance: the Health ABC Study.

There is growing evidence that higher intermuscular fat (IMF) is associated with worse processing speed, measured by the digit symbol substitution test (DSST) in older adults. However, the underlying biological mechanisms are not well understood. Considering that both muscle and the brain are metabolically active organs, we sought to identify metabolites that may explain the IMF-DSST association.

Design of a multi-sensor walking boot to quantify the forefoot rocker motion as a function of walking speed.

In this study, we designed a wearable multi-sensor walking boot to measure foot angular momentum and introduced a novel method to quantify forefoot rocker motion as a function of walking speed. A treadmill walking experiment was conducted with eight healthy subjects wearing the multi-sensor walking boot. Using the collected data, we calculated foot angular momentum and the average rate of change in angular momentum during the double support phase.

A Novel Eco-Friendly Process for the Synthesis and Purification of Ascorbyl-6-Oleates.

Commercial ascorbyl-6-O-esters (AEs) are composed of saturated fatty acids with relatively high melting points, resulting in limited solubility in lipophilic media. Therefore, a lipase-catalysed synthesis and purification method for ascorbyl-6-O-oleate (AO) was proposed in this study. The esterification synthesis (i.

A Multi-Bit ECRAM-Based Analog Neuromorphic System With High-Precision Current Readout Achieving 97.3% Inference Accuracy.

This article proposes an analog neuromorphic system that enhances symmetry, linearity, and endurance by using a high-precision current readout circuit for multi-bit nonvolatile electro-chemical random-access memory (ECRAM). For on-chip training and inference, the system uses activation modules and matrix processing units to manage analog update/read paths and perform precise output sensing with feedback-based current scaling on the ECRAM array. The 250nm CMOS neuromorphic chip was tested with a 32 × 32 ECRAM synaptic array, achieving linear and symmetric updates and accurate read operations.

A Rare Case of Solitary Neurofibroma Misdiagnosed as Diabetic Foot Ulcer in the Toe Tip Region.

Neurofibromas, rare benign tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath, present diagnostic challenges, particularly in diabetic patients with toe ulcers. This case involves a 55-year-old female with type 2 diabetes mellitus who developed an enlarging ulcer on her right second toe. The initial evaluation suggested a diabetic ulcer; however, advanced imaging revealed a mass-like lesion.

Nursing core competencies and educational needs in the low- and middle-income country: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The government of the Kyrgyz Republic is committed to improving healthcare worker education, and as nurses comprise the majority of healthcare workers, improving nursing education and competency is a critical policy strategy. However, insufficient understanding of nurses' duties and competencies, low levels of professional education and motivation, and the poor reputation of the profession have negatively impacted the development of nursing in the Kyrgyz Republic.

Aim: This study aimed to identify the core competencies of nursing that are necessary for improving healthcare in the Kyrgyz Republic.

Extremely Rare Case of Successful Treatment of Foot Ulcer Associated with Evans' Syndrome and Buerger's Disease.

Evans Syndrome (ES) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Thrombotic complications in ES patients are uncommon, particularly involving Buerger's Disease (BD). We report a case of a 49-year-old male with ES and a history of diabetes and heavy smoking, presenting with a necrotic wound on his right great toe.

Ornaments for efficient allele-specific expression estimation with bias correction.

Allele-specific expression plays a crucial role in unraveling various biological mechanisms, including genomic imprinting and gene expression controlled by cis-regulatory variants. However, existing methods for quantification from RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) reads do not adequately and efficiently remove various allele-specific read mapping biases, such as reference bias arising from reads containing the alternative allele that do not map to the reference transcriptome or ambiguous mapping bias caused by reads containing the reference allele that map differently from reads containing the alternative allele. We present Ornaments, a computational tool for rapid and accurate estimation of allele-specific transcript expression at unphased heterozygous loci from RNA-seq reads while correcting for allele-specific read mapping biases.

High-purity 1,2-dimyristoyl--glycero-3-phosphocholine: synthesis and emulsifying performance evaluation.

Introduction: 1,2-Dimyristoyl--glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) is a promising emulsifier for bioactive delivery systems, but its industrial applications are limited by the lack of cost-effective and scalable synthetic routes. The purpose of this study was to economically produce high-purity DMPC by replacing commonly used column chromatography methods and to evaluate the emulsifying performance.

Methods: DMPC was synthesized from -glycero-3-phosphocholine using Steglich esterification followed by sequential recrystallization from ethyl acetate and acetone.

Attojoule Hexagonal Boron Nitride-Based Memristor for High-Performance Neuromorphic Computing.

In next-generation neuromorphic computing applications, the primary challenge lies in achieving energy-efficient and reliable memristors while minimizing their energy consumption to a level comparable to that of biological synapses. In this work, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)-based metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) memristors operating is presented at the attojoule-level tailored for high-performance artificial neural networks. The memristors benefit from a wafer-scale uniform h-BN resistive switching medium grown directly on a highly doped Si wafer using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), resulting in outstanding reliability and low variability.

Retention-aware zero-shifting technique for Tiki-Taka algorithm-based analog deep learning accelerator.

We present the fabrication of 4 K-scale electrochemical random-access memory (ECRAM) cross-point arrays for analog neural network training accelerator and an electrical characteristic of an 8 × 8 ECRAM array with a 100% yield, showing excellent switching characteristics, low cycle-to-cycle, and device-to-device variations. Leveraging the advances of the ECRAM array, we showcase its efficacy in neural network training using the Tiki-Taka version 2 algorithm (TTv2) tailored for non-ideal analog memory devices. Through an experimental study using ECRAM devices, we investigate the influence of retention characteristics on the training performance of TTv2, revealing that the relative location of the retention convergence point critically determines the available weight range and, consequently, affects the training accuracy.