Response to Adler and Parmryd.

The Pearson Correlation Coefficient can be calculated using three different criteria for pixel selection. These criteria carry different implications for interpretation of the metric. Different image analysis tools use these different criteria, and it is important that users know which criteria they have used.

Latin American association for the study of the liver (ALEH) guidance on preoperative care in liver transplantation: referral criteria, patient assessment, and waiting list management.

Liver transplantation (LT) is the standard of care therapy for patients with decompensated cirrhosis, early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma, acute liver failure, and other expanding indications. Latin America is a highly heterogeneous region characterized by an uneven distribution of socio-economic conditions and irregular access to health resources, and consequently LT activity varies across the region. This current guidance on preoperative care in LT represents a collaborative effort to assess and standardize preoperative evaluation of liver transplant candidates in Latin America.

Assessing the effects of landscape attributes in medium and large terrestrial mammal richness inside a tropical rainforest biosphere reserve.

The landscape's structure significantly impacts how communities assemble due to the environment filtering and the limitation of dispersal processes. Human activities can enhance or alter these factors, resulting in changing environments and isolated animal populations. In studying this, we used 39 camera trap stations during 102 continuous days in preserved and disturbed areas to assess medium and large terrestrial mammals in the Selva El Ocote Biosphere Reserve in Chiapas, Mexico (REBISO).

Knocking down the neuronal lactate transporter MCT2 in the arcuate nucleus of female rats increases food intake and body weight.

In the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, tanycyte-neuron interactions regulate glucose homeostasis and feeding behavior. Previously, we reported that monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) 1 and 4 are localized in tanycytes, whereas MCT2 is present in arcuate nucleus neurons, including orexigenic and anorexigenic neurons (POMC). MCT1 and MCT4 inhibition impacts feeding behavior, suggesting that monocarboxylate transfer between tanycytes and neurons influences food intake.

A Pre-Exposure to Male-Specific Compound -Hexalactone Reduces Oviposition in (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) Under Laboratory Conditions.

The olive fruit fly (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is regarded as the most harmful pest insect for olive trees worldwide. In order to control olive fruit fly populations and mitigate the damage and economic losses they produce, the development of novel strategies to control the olive fruit fly within an integrated pest management scope has become a major concern. Here we show that a 24-h pre-exposure to the male-specific -hexalactone significantly reduces the oviposition on an artificial substrate.

Modular in vivo assembly of Arabidopsis FCA oligomers into condensates competent for RNA 3' processing.

Our understanding of the functional requirements underpinning biomolecular condensation in vivo is still relatively poor. The Arabidopsis RNA binding protein FLOWERING CONTROL LOCUS A (FCA) is found in liquid-like nuclear condensates that function in transcription termination, promoting proximal polyadenylation at many target genes in the Arabidopsis genome. To further understand the properties of these condensates in vivo, we used single-particle tracking experiments on FCA reporters stably expressed at endogenous levels in plant nuclei.

Incorporating Olive By-Products in Bísaro Pig Diets: Effect on Dry-Cured Product Quality.

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of incorporating olive cake into the diet of indigenous Bísaro pigs on the quality of processed meat products. To this end, loins and "cachaços" were processed using a standardized manufacturing flowchart to produce dry-cured products. The two products were manufactured using the same formulation, ingredients, and curing process.

Mosquito Microbiomes of Rwanda: Characterizing Mosquito Host and Microbial Communities in the Land of a Thousand Hills.

Mosquitoes are a complex nuisance around the world and tropical countries bear the brunt of the burden of mosquito-borne diseases. Rwanda has had success in reducing malaria and some arboviral diseases over the last few years, but still faces challenges to elimination. By building our understanding of in situ mosquito communities in Rwanda at a disturbed, human-occupied site and at a natural, preserved site, we can build our understanding of natural mosquito microbiomes toward the goal of implementing novel microbial control methods.

On the pixel selection criterion for the calculation of the Pearson's correlation coefficient in fluorescence microscopy.

Colocalisation microscopy analysis provides an intuitive and straightforward way of determining if two biomolecules occupy the same diffraction-limited volume. A popular colocalisation coefficient, the Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC), can be calculated using different pixel selection criteria: PCC includes all image pixels, PCC only pixels exceeding the intensity thresholds for either one of the detection channels, and PCC only pixels exceeding the intensity thresholds for both detection channels. Our results show that PCC depends on the foreground to background ratio, producing values influenced by factors unrelated to biomolecular association.

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for vasoplegic shock after treprostinil refill of an implanted intravenous pump: a case report.

Introduction: Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a rescue therapy that can stabilize patients with hemodynamic compromise. Indications continue to evolve, including drug overdose. However, the indication merely for vasoplegic shock following drug overdose is controversial.

O-glycosylation of the transcription factor SPATULA promotes style development in Arabidopsis.

O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and O-fucose are two sugar-based post-translational modifications whose mechanistic role in plant signalling and transcriptional regulation is still largely unknown. Here we investigated how two O-glycosyltransferase enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana, SPINDLY (SPY) and SECRET AGENT (SEC), promote the activity of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor SPATULA (SPT) during morphogenesis of the plant female reproductive organ apex, the style. SPY and SEC modify amino-terminal residues of SPT in vivo and in vitro by attaching O-fucose and O-GlcNAc, respectively.

Immediate-release niacin and a monounsaturated fatty acid-rich meal on postprandial inflammation and monocyte characteristics in men with metabolic syndrome.

Background & Aim: When considered separately, long-term immediate-release niacin and fatty meals enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) decrease postprandial triglycerides, but their effects on postprandial inflammation, which is common in individuals with metabolic syndrome, are less known. Moreover, successful combination is lacking and its impact on acute disorders of the innate immune cells in the metabolic syndrome remains unclear. Here, we aimed to establish the effects from combination with niacin of different fats [butter, enriched in saturated fatty acids (SFA), olive oil, enriched in MUFA, and olive oil supplemented with eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids] on plasma inflammatory markers and circulating monocyte subsets, activation and priming at the postprandial period in individuals with metabolic syndrome.

Association of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Platelet Ratio With Acute Kidney Injury in Severe COVID-19.

Background Severe disease from COVID-19 was the leading cause of admission to the emergency room and hospitalization during the pandemic in Mexico. Acute kidney injury was one of the most prevalent complications in these patients. The neutrophil/lymphocyte (NL) index and the neutrophil/lymphocyte platelet (NLP) index have previously been described as possible markers associated with complications and mortality in this disease.

A molecular mechanosensor for real-time visualization of appressorium membrane tension in Magnaporthe oryzae.

The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae uses a pressurized infection cell called an appressorium to drive a rigid penetration peg through the leaf cuticle. The vast internal pressure of an appressorium is very challenging to investigate, leaving our understanding of the cellular mechanics of plant infection incomplete. Here, using fluorescence lifetime imaging of a membrane-targeting molecular mechanoprobe, we quantify changes in membrane tension in M.

A probabilistic approach for the study of epidemiological dynamics of infectious diseases: Basic model and properties.

The dynamics of epidemiological phenomena associated to infectious diseases have long been modelled taking different approaches. However, recent pandemic events exposed many areas of opportunity to improve the existing models. We develop a stochastic model based on the idea that transitions between epidemiological stages are alike sampling processes that may involve more than one subset of the population or may be mostly dependent on time intervals defined by pathological or clinical criteria.

Toxic effects of the cylindrospermopsin and chlorpyrifos combination on the differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line.

Due to climate change and anthropogenic activities, the levels of pollution of aquatic and terrestrial environments have increased in the last decades. In this sense, the rise of cyanobacterial blooms, which release secondary metabolites with toxic properties, and the global use of pesticides for agricultural purposes have a negative impact on ecosystems. Thus, it would be interesting to study the concomitance of both types of toxicants in the same sample, since it is possible that they appear together.

Laboratory Evidence of 2-Isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine as a Male-Released Aggregative Cue in (Germar) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

In spite of its incidence on pistachio trees, the chemical ecology of (Germar) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) has been neglected so far. In this work, we provide the first evidence of a biologically active male-specific compound that may be promoting field aggregation. Headspace collections through solid-phase microextraction from feral males and females reported the presence of 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine exclusively in males.

Neuronal deletion of MnSOD in mice leads to demyelination, inflammation and progressive paralysis that mimics phenotypes associated with progressive multiple sclerosis.

Neuronal oxidative stress has been implicated in aging and neurodegenerative disease. Here we investigated the impact of elevated oxidative stress induced in mouse spinal cord by deletion of Mn-Superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) using a neuron specific Cre recombinase in Sod2 floxed mice (i-mn-Sod2 KO). Sod2 deletion in spinal cord neurons was associated with mitochondrial alterations and peroxide generation.

New evidence for dietary fatty acids in the neutrophil traffic between the bone marrow and the peripheral blood.

Chronic administration of a high-fat diet in mice has been established to influence the generation and trafficking of immune cells such as neutrophils in the bone marrow, the dysregulation of which may contribute to a wide range of diseases. However, no studies have tested the hypothesis that a short-term, high-fat diet could early modulate the neutrophil release from bone marrow at fasting and at postprandial in response to a high-fat meal challenge, and that the predominant type of fatty acids in dietary fats could play a role in both context conditions. Based on these premises, we aimed to establish the effects of different fats [butter, enriched in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), olive oil, enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and olive oil supplemented with eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids] on neutrophil navigation from bone marrow to blood in mice.

A Short-Term Sucrose Diet Impacts Cell Proliferation of Neural Precursors in the Adult Hypothalamus.

Radial glia-like cells in the hypothalamus and dorsal vagal complex are neural precursors (NPs) located near subventricular organs: median eminence and area postrema, respectively. Their strategic position can detect blood-borne nutrients, hormones, and mitogenic signals. Hypothalamic NPs increase their proliferation with a mechanism that involves hemichannel (HC) activity.

CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses in bone marrow to fatty acids in high-fat diets.

Obesity is associated with disruptions in the adaptive immune system; however, dietary fatty acids in high-fat diets (HFDs) that induce obesity have consequences that are currently unclear regarding T-cell maintenance in bone marrow (BM). C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to isocaloric HFDs formulated with dietary fats rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), or MUFAs supplemented with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids for 20 weeks, followed by an analysis of the immunophenotypic feature of lymphocytes (CD3) T and their subsets CD4 and CD8 T cells in spleen and BM, identification of fatty acids in BM extracellular fluid and analysis of the correspondence between fatty acids with the frequency of T-cell subsets in BM. Splenic CD3 T cells were reduced irrespective of HFDs.

The Use of a Replicating Virus Vector For Generation of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Nanorods Suitable For Metallization.

The production of designer-length tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) nanorods in plants has been problematic in terms of yields, particularly when modified coat protein subunits are incorporated. To address this, we have investigated the use of a replicating potato virus X-based vector (pEff) to express defined length nanorods containing either wild-type or modified versions of the TMV coat protein. This system has previously been shown to be an efficient method for producing virus-like particles of filamentous plant viruses.

Quality-controlled ceramide-based GPI-anchored protein sorting into selective ER exit sites.

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through a specialized export pathway in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have recently shown that a very-long acyl chain (C26) ceramide present in the ER membrane drives clustering and sorting of GPI-APs into selective ER exit sites (ERES). Now, we show that this lipid-based ER sorting also involves the C26 ceramide as a lipid moiety of GPI-APs, which is incorporated into the GPI anchor through a lipid-remodeling process after protein attachment in the ER.