Tracheal Reconstruction Using a Nitinol Stent for Thoracic Tracheal Rupture.

Background/aim: Endotracheal tube intubation is required for surgery under inhalation anesthesia. In the present study, after inhalation anesthesia in dogs, the tracheal tube was extubated without deflating the endotracheal tube cuff, resulting in thoracic tracheal rupture, subcutaneous emphysema, and pneumomediastinum. The ruptured thoracic trachea was reconstructed using an endotracheal stent to treat intrathoracic emphysema.

Are Veterinary Costs and Socioeconomic Status Risk Factors for Companion Animal Relinquishment in the Republic of Korea?

More than 110,000 companion animals are sent to shelters each year due to abandonment in Republic of Korea, and there is a need to analyze the causes of the relinquishment of animals and implement appropriate policies. Veterinary costs have been blamed for this issue in Republic of Korea above the reported leading causes of socioeconomic status of owners, cost and behavior issues of the animals, or housing restrictions. However, it is rare to find supporting evidence.

Anti-obesity Effects of Dark Tea Extracts by Down-regulation of C/EBPα and PPARγ.

Background/aim: Dark tea, made by fermentation of tea leaves using microorganisms, is well known for its antiobesity effect; however, studies to identify this effect have not been sufficiently conducted. Herein, the anti-obesity effects of post-fermented dark tea were studied in high-fat diet mouse.

Materials And Methods: Obesity was induced through a high-fat diet in C57BL/6 mice, and then dark tea extract powder (DTP) was orally administered daily for 12 weeks to evaluate the body and organ weights.

Evaluation of Biomechanical Properties and Morphometric Structures of the Trachea in Pigs and Rabbits.

Background/aim: Animals differ in the biochemical composition, attachments, and mechanical properties of tracheal cartilage. This study examined the biomechanical properties and morphological structure of the trachea of pigs, and rabbits as preclinical models.

Materials And Methods: The trachea in pigs and rabbits can be divided into four regions, cranial cervical, middle cervical, thoracic inlet, and intra-thoracic parts.

Assessment of Individual Renal Function Using Tc-MAG Renography.

Background/aim: This study performed Tc-MAG renal scintigraphy on rabbit kidneys and evaluated its ability to identify obstructive or non-obstructive kidneys.

Materials And Methods: Renal function was assessed during a four-week post-obstruction period by obtaining planar images of Tc-MAG activity following an ear vein injection. The individual renal function was evaluated by renal scintigraphy in conjunction with histopathological and morphological examinations.

Intraluminal Titanium Alloy Stent to Prevent Tracheal Stenosis in Tracheal Anastomosis.

Background/aim: Tracheal stenosis can cause respiratory problems in mature, small-breed dogs. This study aimed to evaluate the placement of an intratracheal titanium alloy stent to prevent tracheal stenosis in canine tracheal anastomosis.

Materials And Methods: The self-expandable intratracheal stent was an alloy of nickel and titanium, at the same atomic ratio.

Evaluation of Renal Function in Obstructed Ureter Model Using Tc-DMSA.

Background/aim: Urinary obstruction is a condition of impaired urinary drainage, which may result in progressive renal deterioration. This study applied Tc-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (Tc-DMSA) renal scintigraphy to a rabbit model of right ureter obstruction and evaluated its utility in studying obstructive renal diseases.

Materials And Methods: Complete unilateral ureter obstruction in rabbits was generated by complete ligation of the right ureter.

Osteogenic Evaluation of Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Loaded With Dexamethasone in Femoral Drill Holes.

Background/aim: Many cases of bone damage are due to trauma and metabolic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate bone regeneration into a porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold using dexamethasone (DM)-loaded polymeric microspheres.

Materials And Methods: Four adult dogs were used to evaluate the in vivo performance of DM-loaded microspheres immobilized on the surfaces of porous HA scaffolds.

Evaluation of Goose-beak Bone Particles for Dentoalveolar Reconstruction in Dogs.

Background/aim: Tooth extraction is a common procedure in dental clinics. Tooth extraction can destroy gingiva, alveolar bone, periodontal ligaments and cement. If dental sockets are left as extracted, it will result in loss of teeth, as well as voice and aesthetic problems.

Reversing Effect of Insulin on Local Anesthetics-Induced Sciatic Nerve Block in Rats.

Background: Local anesthetics are used in various purposes from topical and infiltration anesthesia to peripheral nerve or central neural blockade. Even though local anesthetics are relatively safe, they can have some toxic and adverse effects. Prolonged sensory and motor block is another example of an unwanted complication.

Osteogenic Evaluation of Goose-beak Bones According to Processing Temperature.

Background/aim: As an alternative material to autogenous bone, goose-beak bone particles (GBP) have been attracting great attention as a bone substitute due to their biological properties. This study was performed to assess bone generation using GBP in calvarial defects in a rat model. The study focus was the osteogenic potential of goose-beak bone at different processing temperatures.

The Healing Effect of Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP) Jelly in Rabbits Undergoing Tracheal Resection and Anastomosis.

Background/aim: Tracheal anastomosis is commonly indicated for patients with tracheal tumor, stenosis and tracheoesophageal fistula. This study was designed to evaluate the healing activity of topical application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) jelly for tracheal reconstruction in a rabbit model.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-six healthy New Zealand White rabbits were assigned to three groups of 12 animals each.

Healing Effect of Platelet-rich Plasma on Decellularized Tracheal Allotransplantation in Rabbits.

Background/aim: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on enhancing healing of trachea allotransplantation and confirm the effect via parallel histological and tracheoscopic examinations in seven adult New Zealand White rabbits.

Materials And Methods: Harvested trachea was inserted into recipients with end-to-end anastomosis by a simple interrupted suture. PRP-treated rabbits were treated with 0.

A rational tissue engineering strategy based on three-dimensional (3D) printing for extensive circumferential tracheal reconstruction.

Extensive circumferential tracheal defects remain a major challenging problem in the field of tracheal reconstruction. In this study, a tissue-engineered tracheal graft based on three-dimensional (3D) printing was developed for extensive circumferential tracheal reconstruction. A native trachea-mimetic bellows scaffold, a framework for a tissue-engineered tracheal graft, was indirectly 3D printed and reinforced with ring-shaped bands made from medical grade silicone rubber.

Vertical Bone Augmentation Using Three-dimensionally Printed Cap in the Rat Calvarial Partial Defect.

Background/aim: Lost alveolar bone is commonly restored by distraction osteogenesis or bone blocks for substantial vertical bone augmentation (VBA), that is applied in conjunction with a barrier system. This study was performed to determine whether volume control of a three-dimensional (3D) printed nylon cap in the rat calvarial partial thickness bone defect would induce qualitative and quantitative differences in vertical bone regeneration.

Materials And Methods: A rat calvarial partial thickness bone defect was prepared and the 3D cap covered the defect to induce VBA, while the control group was left without cap placement.

Pig tracheal patchy xenotransplantation in the dog.

Background: A long-segmental tracheal lesion is difficult to repair by tracheal allotransplantation due to the lack of a well-defined blood supply for blood vessel anastomosis. The donor trachea needs to be revascularized within a well-vascularized soft tissue flap for several months to allow successful trachea allotransplantation. To date, xenotransplantation using the wild-type or genetically modified pig has been widely studied.

Immunological Compatibility of Bone Tissues from Alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase Knockout Pig for Xenotransplantation.

We investigated whether the lack of galactosyltransferase (-Gal) expression in bone tissue is associated with reduced immune response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) against pig bone tissue. When human PBMC obtained from heparinized blood of healthy volunteers was stimulated with bone extracts of pigs with -1,3-galactosyltransferase knock out (-Gal KO), the proliferation of human PBMCs and production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF- and IL-1 were significantly reduced compared to those stimulated with bone extracts of wild type (WT) pigs. In addition, activation of CD4 helper T cells and production of IL-2, IFN-, and IL-17 were reduced upon stimulation with bone tissue extracts from -Gal KO pigs.

Evaluation of Immunosuppressive Therapy Use for Tracheal Transplantation with Trachea-Mimetic Bellows Scaffolds in a Rabbit Model.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of immunosuppressive therapy with high-dose cyclosporine, high-dose azathioprine, and a combination of low-dose cyclosporine and azathioprine after tracheal reconstruction by using a trachea-mimetic graft of polycaprolactone (PCL) bellows-type scaffold in a rabbit model. Twenty-four healthy New Zealand white rabbits were used in the study. All underwent circumferential tracheal replacement using tissue-engineered tracheal graft, prepared from PCL bellows scaffold reinforced with silicone ring, collagen hydrogel, and human turbinate mesenchymal stromal cell (hTMSC) sheets.

Cortisol Levels and Gastrointestinal Disorders After Stressful Surgery in Rabbits.

Rabbits are widely used in biomedical studies because they are docile and manageable. However, they are prone to gastrointestinal disorders due to their vulnerability to stress. Eighteen adult rabbits were used for allogenic tracheal surgery.

Effect of Hydrogen Dioxide Treatment on the Osteogenic Potential of Duck-beak Bone-derived Natural Bioceramic Microparticles.

As an alternative material to the autogenous bone, duck-beak bone particle for bone substitute have been attracting great attention due to their biological properties. To deliver the most favorable outcome of medical treatment, it is essential to study the effect of various processing methods of the duck-beak bone. In this study, we compared the two deproteinizing agents for manufacturing duck-beak bone.

Bone Regeneration of Hydroxyapatite with Granular Form or Porous Scaffold in Canine Alveolar Sockets.

This study was undertaken to assess bone regeneration using hydroxyapatite (HA). The primary focus was comparison of bone regeneration between granular HA (gHA) forms and porous HA (pHA) scaffold. The extracted canine alveolar sockets were divided with three groups: control, gHA and pHA.

Nano- and Micro-Scale Oxidative Patterning of Titanium Implant Surfaces for Improved Surface Wettability.

A simple and scalable surface modification treatment is demonstrated, in which nano- and microscale features are introduced into the surface of titanium (Ti) substrates by means of a novel and eco-friendly oxidative aqueous solution composed of hydrogen peroxide (H202) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). By immersing mirror-polished Ti discs in an aqueous mixture of 30 wt% H2O2/5 wt% NaHCO3 at 23 +/- 3 degrees C for 4 h, it was confirmed that this mixture is capable of generating microscale topographies on Ti surfaces. It also simultaneously formed nanochannels that were regularly arranged in a comb-like pattern on the Ti surface, thus forming a hierarchical surface structure.

Bone-Healing Capacity of PCL/PLGA/Duck Beak Scaffold in Critical Bone Defects in a Rabbit Model.

Bone defects are repaired using either natural or synthetic bone grafts. Poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL), β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are widely used as synthetic materials for tissue engineering. This study aimed to investigate the bone-healing capacity of PCL/PLGA/duck beak scaffold in critical bone defects and the oxidative stress status of the graft site in a rabbit model.

Endoluminal Closure of Colon Perforation with Endoscopic Band Ligation: Technical Feasibility and Safety in an In Vivo Canine Model.

Background/aims: Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) is an accepted method in the management of variceal bleeding; however, there is little evidence on the safety and feasibility of EBL for the closure of bowel perforation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility and efficacy of EBL in iatrogenic colon perforation by using a canine model.

Methods: We established an iatrogenic colon perforation model by using seven beagle dogs.