Sleep patterns of Canadian women across the life course: A systematic review.

Background: The prevalence of poor sleep is increasing. Women and men have different sleep needs, and uniquely female life transitions, such as the perinatal period and menopause, are associated with further differences in sleep patterns. In Canada, sleep disparities across socioeconomic groups are profound, but sleep research rarely differentiates between women and men.

How Accurate Is Multiple Imputation for Nutrient Intake Estimation? Insights from ASA24 Data.

: Accurate dietary assessment is crucial for nutritional epidemiology, but tools like 24 h recalls (24HRs) face challenges with missing or implausible data. The Automated Self-Administered 24 h Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) facilitates large-scale data collection, but its lack of interviewer input may lead to implausible dietary recalls (IDRs), affecting data integrity. Multiple imputation (MI) is commonly used to handle missing data, but its effectiveness in high-variability dietary data is uncertain.

The socioeconomic patterning of physical activity among middle-aged and older adults in Canada using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) data.

Objectives: To investigate the association between socioeconomic status (SES), using indicators of education and wealth, and meeting physical activity guidelines (PAG) (150 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA)) to evaluate whether socioeconomic inequalities exist in the practice of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA).

Methods: This is an analysis of cross-sectional data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (2012-2015), a nationally representative cohort of middle-aged and older Canadian adults (N = 25,113). Multivariable logistic regressions, stratified by age and sex groups, were performed to estimate how SES affects the likelihood of meeting PAG, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and other health-related factors.

Quick fixes, lasting problems: Rethinking obesity management through a public health lens beyond pharmacological solutions.

Aim: This viewpoint aims to critically examine the growing reliance on pharmacological treatments for obesity and highlight the limitations of such an approach.

Data Synthesis: Literature from reputable databases and public health registries were sought and used to formulate an evidence-based viewpoint, critically synthesizing current research on obesity pharmacotherapy and its implications within a broader socio-environmental context.

Conclusions: In response to the obesity epidemic, pharmacological treatments have gained significant attention for their ability to produce substantial weight loss in the short-term.

Dietary Patterns and Brain Health in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Narrative Review.

Diet has a profound impact on brain health, particularly in middle-aged and older adults, who are at increased risk of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Various dietary patterns, including the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets, have been linked to improved cognitive function. While the relative effectiveness of these diets on brain health is generally supported by evidence, variability in study results suggests that further research is needed to fully understand their effects across diverse populations.

Disability and unmet need for health care in Canada: Findings from the Canadian Community Health Survey.

Background: People with disabilities may experience disparities in access, quality, and outcomes of care compared to those without disabilities. However, there is limited Canadian evidence on the level of unmet need for care in this population.

Objective: This study investigated the level of unmet health needs in the Canadian population, with and without disabilities, as well as the factors associated with unmet needs, using a nationally representative survey.

Diet, fruit and vegetables and One Health: benefits for health, environment, society and the consumer-proceedings of the 9th edition of EGEA conference.

Purpose: To present the outcomes of the EGEA Conference on the state of knowledge regarding the contribution of diets rich in fruit and vegetables (FV) to human and planetary health, commonly included in the One Health concept.

Methods: The 9th edition of EGEA Conference (20-22 September 2023, Barcelona) provided a transversal and multidisciplinary perspective on the contribution of FV to One Health, in particular to the health of individuals, society and the planet. Nearly 150 international scientists and stakeholders discussed the current state of knowledge.

Investigation of rural-urban differences in hospitalization for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions: Analysis of linked survey, hospitalization, and tax data from Canada.

Background: Hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) reflect the efficiency of the primary care system, as these are preventable with timely and effective management of chronic conditions. We examined ACSC hospitalization trends in Canada's rural and urban areas, excluding Quebec, from 2007 to 2019.

Methods: The data came from Canadian Community Health Surveys linked with hospitalizations and household income tax records.

The co-occurrence of multimorbidity and polypharmacy among middle-aged and older adults in Canada: A cross-sectional study using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) and the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN).

Background: There is an increasing prevalence of multiple conditions (multimorbidity) and multiple medications (polypharmacy) across many populations. Previous literature has focused on the prevalence and impact of these health states separately, but there is a need to better understand their co-occurrence.

Methods And Findings: This study reported on multimorbidity and polypharmacy among middle-aged and older adults in two national datasets: the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) and the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN).

Prevalence of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: Given the chronic immune activation and inflammatory milieu associated with Long COVID and HIV, we assessed the prevalence of Long COVID in adults living with HIV; and investigated whether adults living with HIV were associated with increased chance of developing Long COVID compared to adults living without HIV.

Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Medline, EMBASE, CINHAL, PubMed and CENTRAL from inception until June 14th, 2024, for observational studies that measured the prevalence of Long COVID in adults living with HIV and the odds of developing Long COVID following a SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV compared to people living without HIV. Reviews, case reports, randomised control trials and editorials were excluded.

Association between recorded physical activity and cancer progression or mortality in individuals diagnosed with cancer in South Africa.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association between progression and mortality in individuals with stage 1 cancer and their recorded physical activity before the diagnosis of the cancer.

Methods: We included 28 248 members with stage 1 cancers enrolled in an oncology programme in South Africa. Physical activity was recorded using fitness devices, logged gym sessions and participation in organised fitness events.

Differential expression of plasma proteins and pathway enrichments in pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis.

Background: In children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) triggers a significant inflammatory response; however, the specific effector proteins and signaling pathways involved remain largely unexplored. This pediatric case-control study utilized plasma proteomics to explore protein alterations associated with severe DKA and to identify signaling pathways that associate with clinical variables.

Methods: We conducted a proteome analysis of plasma samples from 17 matched pairs of pediatric patients with T1D; one cohort with severe DKA and another with insulin-controlled diabetes.

Identifying the factors affecting quality of life among brucellosis patients in Herat, Afghanistan: a case-control study.

Brucellosis remains a significant public health concern, especially in regions like the Mediterranean and Afghanistan. While its direct health effects are well-documented, its impact on quality of life is less explored. This study investigated the risk factors and quality of life effects of brucellosis in Herat, Afghanistan.

Metabolomic signature of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis: key metabolites, pathways, and panels linked to clinical variables.

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D), arising from relative insulin deficiency and leading to hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and metabolic acidosis. Early detection and treatment are essential to prevent severe outcomes. This pediatric case-control study utilized plasma metabolomics to explore metabolic alterations associated with DKA and to identify predictive metabolite patterns.

Sleep: The silent hero in cardiometabolic health.

The essential role of sleep in overall health is increasingly recognized, yet it remains underemphasized in both clinical and public health contexts. Despite extensive research linking poor sleep health to chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cognitive decline, sleep health is not routinely assessed or integrated into standard care practices. Sleep problems, including insomnia, sleep apnea, and poor sleep quality, are prevalent globally, affecting over 30 % of the population and contributing to significant public health burdens like cardiometabolic disease, mental health disorders and multimorbidity.

The hockey fans in training intervention for men with overweight or obesity: a pragmatic cluster randomised trial.

Background: Obesity disproportionately impacts men's health yet fewer men engage in preventive healthcare. We examined the effectiveness of Hockey Fans in Training (Hockey FIT), a gender-sensitised lifestyle intervention that engages men with overweight/obesity through their passion as fans of a local sports team, on weight change and other health indicators.

Methods: Pragmatic, cluster randomised trial (aged 35-65 years, body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m) within 42 community-based sites in Canada and the United States, randomly assigned (1:1) to intervention (Hockey FIT) or control (wait-list) and stratified by region.

Perioperative mortality in low-, middle-, and high-income countries: Protocol for a multi-level meta-regression analysis.

Background: Surgery is an indispensable component of a functional healthcare system. To date there is limited information regarding how many people die during the perioperative period globally. This study describes a protocol for a systematic review and multilevel meta-regression to evaluate time trends regarding the odds of perioperative mortality among adults undergoing a bellwether surgical procedure while accounting for higher order clustering at the national level.

Age and sex differences in the association of dental visits with inadequate oral health and multimorbidity: Findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).

Background: Dental attendance is important for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of oral diseases. In this study, we aimed to assess the extent of the association between dental visits, inadequate oral health, and multimorbidity (MM), and whether this association differs by age and sex.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the first follow-up wave (2018) of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).

Do COVID-19 Infectious Disease Models Incorporate the Social Determinants of Health? A Systematic Review.

Objectives: To identify COVID-19 infectious disease models that accounted for social determinants of health (SDH).

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, medRxiv, and the Web of Science from December 2019 to August 2020. We included mathematical modelling studies focused on humans investigating COVID-19 impact and including at least one SDH.