The burden of stroke, ischaemic heart disease, and dementia in Africa, 1990-2021: an ecological analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2021.

Background: Stroke, ischaemic heart disease, and dementia share risk factors and influence one another, substantially affecting brain health. Limited health-care resources in Africa might exacerbate the burden of these diseases, with serious brain health consequences. We analysed trends from 1990 to 2021 to inform optimised prevention strategies.

Dietary Patterns and Brain Health in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Narrative Review.

Diet has a profound impact on brain health, particularly in middle-aged and older adults, who are at increased risk of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Various dietary patterns, including the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets, have been linked to improved cognitive function. While the relative effectiveness of these diets on brain health is generally supported by evidence, variability in study results suggests that further research is needed to fully understand their effects across diverse populations.

The impact of hypertension prevention and modification on dementia burden: A systematic review of economic studies.

Aim: Neurological disorders account for the largest proportion of disability-adjusted life years globally, with dementia being the third leading cause. Hypertension has been identified as a priority, targetable risk factor for dementia. This study aimed to systematically review economic studies that examine the impact of hypertension prevention and control on the costs and outcomes of dementia.

Inequalities in health-related quality of life and functional health of an aging population: A Canadian community perspective.

Background: Reducing health inequalities among older adults is crucial to ensuring healthy aging is within reach for all. The current study provides a timely update on demographic- and geographic-related inequalities in healthy aging among older adults residing in Canadian communities.

Methods: Data was extracted from the Canadian Health Survey on Seniors [2019-2020] for ~6 million adults aged 65 years and older residing in 10 provinces of Canada.

Risk and sex-specific trends of dementia and stroke in Italy Compared to European and high-income countries and the world: global implications.

Background: Understanding the increasing trends in Italy may inform new prevention strategies and better treatments. We investigated trends and risk factors of dementia, stroke, and ischemic heart disease (IHD) in Italy with the second-oldest population globally, compared to European and high-income countries and the world.

Methods: We analyzed the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 estimates on incidence and burden (i.

Decreasing incidence of stroke, ischaemic heart disease and dementia in Norway, 1990-2019, a Global Burden of Disease study: an opportunity.

Background And Purpose: The declining incidence of stroke, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and dementia (the 'triple threat') in Norway encourages further investigation. The risks and trends of the three conditions were analysed using data from the Global Burden of Disease study.

Methods: Global Burden of Disease 2019 estimations were used for age-, sex- and risk-factor-specific incidence and prevalence of the 'triple threat', their risk-factor-attributed deaths and disability combined, their age-standardized rates per 100,000 population in 2019 and their changes during 1990-2019.

Global, regional, and national trends of dementia incidence and risk factors, 1990-2019: A Global Burden of Disease study.

Background: An ample literature documents the growing prevalence of dementia and associated costs. Less attention has been paid to decreased dementia incidence in some countries.

Methods: We analyzed trends in age-standardized dementia, stroke, and ischemic heart disease (the triple threat) incidence rates and population attributable fraction of death and disability attributable to 12 risk factors in 204 countries and territories and 51 regions using Global Burden of Disease 2019 data.

The Role of Zinc in the Treatment of Wilson's Disease.

Wilson's disease (WD) is a hereditary disorder of copper metabolism, producing abnormally high levels of non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper, the determinant of the pathogenic process causing brain and hepatic damage and dysfunction. Although the disease is invariably fatal without medication, it is treatable and many of its adverse effects are reversible. Diagnosis is difficult due to the large range and severity of symptoms.

From Dementia to Eumentia: A New Approach to Dementia Prevention.

Background: During the past 40 years, dementia prevention approaches have ranged from searching for a drug to prevent progression to Alzheimer's disease to preventing dementia through multidomain lifestyle interventions. Current Approaches: The search for a silver bullet has yielded good science but no clinical results. The multi-model lifestyle intervention approach has shown encouraging results.

A new definition of brain reserve.

Brain reserve definitions foster debate and disagreements. A consensus definition of brain reserve would fill gaps in converging ongoing research and action plans to promote brain health. Different terms are used for the capacity to adapt to life hardships and cognitive and social compliance and to neutralize or compensate for age-related neurological degeneration to prevent impaired cognition.

Brain health: Key to health, productivity, and well-being.

Brain health is essential for physical and mental health, social well-being, productivity, and creativity. Current neurological research focuses mainly on treating a diseased brain and preventing further deterioration rather than on developing and maintaining brain health. The pandemic has forced a shift toward virtual working environments that accelerated opportunities for transdisciplinary collaboration for fostering brain health among neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, neuro and socio-behavioral scientists, scholars in arts and humanities, policymakers, and citizens.

Association of lewy bodies, hippocampal sclerosis and amyloid angiopathy with dementia in community-dwelling elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: We measured the proportion of Lewy body pathology (LB), hippocampal sclerosis (HS), and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) among community-dwelling people with and without dementia.

Methods: We searched for community-based cohorts with postmortem brain autopsy until 1 January 2020. We calculated the summary risk difference and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using a random-effects model in R.

Stroke and dementia, leading causes of neurological disability and death, potential for prevention.

Introduction: Stroke and dementia share a number of modifiable risk factors and are the leading cause of neurological disability and death worldwide.

Methods: We report the 2019 estimations for global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and death numbers and rates related to stroke and dementia, as well as their risk attributed DALYs and deaths and their changes between 2010 and 2019.

Results: Stroke accounted for 69.

Secular trends of ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and dementia in high-income countries from 1990 to 2017: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

Background: We assessed secular trends in the burden of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and dementia in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries.

Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2017, we compared sex-specific and age-standardized rates of disability-adjusted life years (DALY); mortality, incidence, and prevalence of IHD and stroke; and dementia per 100,000 people, in the world, OECD countries, and Canada.

Results: From 1990 to 2017, the crude incidence number of IHD, stroke, and dementia increased 52%, 76%, and 113%, respectively.

Cerebral blood flow changes during aging process and in cognitive disorders: A review.

We aimed to summarize the available evidence on cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in normal aging and common cognitive disorders. We searched PubMed for studies on CBF changes in normal aging and cognitive disorders up to 1 January 2019. We summarized the milestones in the history of CBF assessment and reviewed the current evidence on the association between CBF and cognitive changes in normal aging, vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Hookah Smoking: A Potentially Risk Factor for First-Ever Ischemic Stroke.

Objective: Hookah consumption, as a common non-cigarette tobacco product, is wrongly considered as less harmful. Moreover, little is known about hookah consumption and risk of ischemic stroke. The current study aimed to assess the association between hookah consumption and first-ever ischemic stroke (FEIS).

COVID-19 Pandemic and Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases: An Ecological Study on Data of 185 Countries.

Background: The interaction between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and non-communicable diseases may increase the global burden of disease. We assessed the association of COVID-19 with ageing and non-communicable diseases.

Methods: We extracted data regarding non-communicable disease, particularly cardiovascular disease, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017.

A third of community-dwelling elderly with intermediate and high level of Alzheimer's neuropathologic changes are not demented: A meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the bidirectional association between AD pathology and dementia in community-dwelling elderly populations. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and references of the pertinent articles for community/population-based longitudinal cohorts with regular assessment of cognitive status of participants followed by postmortem neuropathology data, with no language and date restrictions, until 20 September 2019. Finally, we retrieved 18 articles with data from 17 cohorts comprising 4677 persons.

Socioeconomic status and stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, and worldwide burden: an ecological analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with stroke incidence and mortality. Distribution of stroke risk factors is changing worldwide; evidence on these trends is crucial to the allocation of resources for prevention strategies to tackle major modifiable risk factors with the highest impact on stroke burden.

Methods: We extracted data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017.

Concomitant vascular and neurodegenerative pathologies double the risk of dementia.

Introduction: The relative contributions of vascular and degenerative pathology to dementia are unknown. We aim to quantify the proportion of dementia explained by potentially preventable vascular lesions.

Methods: We systematically searched for population-based cohorts before February 2017 reporting clinicopathological data for individuals with and without dementia.