Volatile pyrethroid spatial repellents for preventing mosquito bites: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Volatile pyrethroid spatial repellents (VPSRs) can prevent mosquito-borne diseases including malaria and dengue fever, but the use of varied evaluation methods has resulted in a lack of clarity regarding their protective efficacy (PE) against contact with mosquitoes. This systematic review and meta-analysis consolidates the entomological evidence base on the PE of VPSRs against Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex mosquitoes and different test methods used.

Methods: We identified studies completed between January 2000 and September 2023 by searching through databases, conference abstracts, and personal correspondences.

Healthy lives, enriched minds: the role of physical health and mental health on educational attainment in Northern Ireland.

Background: Health is a multifaceted concept with existing evidence in the UK indicating a negative association between educational outcomes and markers of ill-health. Evidence that disaggregates the influence of physical and mental health conditions on educational attainment, using population wide linked administrative data, varies between UK jurisdictions, with a lack of such research evident in Northern Ireland (NI). This study aims to address this gap by investigating the impact of students' physical and mental health on post-primary attainment in NI.

Fc-modification of anti-PcrV gene-encoded antibodies modulates complement-mediated killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

is a high priority multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogen with increasing resistance against broad-spectrum antibiotics. Multiple efforts are ongoing to develop anti-pseudomonal vaccines however achieving meaningful outcomes has been challenging in human clinical trials. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are emerging as promising biologics for targeting infections and engineering strategies that bridge engagement with innate immune mechanisms like complement-mediated antibody dependent phagocytosis may be beneficial to improve bacterial clearance.

Pragmatic Low-Dose Oral Immunotherapy for Preschool Children With Peanut Allergy: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Peanut allergy is the most common childhood-onset, persistent food allergy. Peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a potential treatment, but few studies prospectively examine the outcome of peanut OIT in young children using parent-measured doses compared to standard care (peanut avoidance).

Objective: To determine the efficacy, safety and tolerability of a pragmatic peanut OIT protocol (parent-measured doses with low maintenance dose) compared to avoidance.

GaSal-2: A Water-Soluble Antipseudomonal Agent Targeting the Extracellular Hemophore HasAp.

Multidrug-resistant is a critical pathogen that demands new antibiotics. During infection, the extracellular hemophore and its outer membrane receptor are the most dramatically upregulated genes. The Δ strain exhibits significantly reduced growth and virulence.

Transforming Palliative Care for Rural Patients with COPD Through Nurse-Led Models.

: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with rural populations experiencing higher prevalence and worse outcomes. This paper explores the transformative potential of nurse-led palliative care models in addressing the unique challenges faced by rural patients with COPD and their informal caregivers and synthesizes current evidence on nurse-led palliative care interventions, highlighting their impact on symptom management, advance care planning, and psychosocial support. : This is a comprehensive synthesis of nurse-led palliative care programs, focusing on home-based care, telehealth, community outreach, and primary care integration.

Vagal Stimulation Rescues HFpEF by Altering Cardiac Resident Macrophage Function.

Background: We previously showed in a rat model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) that transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) reduced cardiac fibrosis and inflammation. However, macrophage-mediated mechanisms through which tVNS rescues cardiac function remain poorly understood.

Methods: We induced HFpEF in 8-week-old mice by a combination of a high-fat diet and l-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester for 5 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of tVNS or sham stimulation.

The Risk-Benefit Balance of Oral Corticosteroid Treatment for Asthma Attacks: A Discrete Choice Experiment of Patients and Healthcare Professionals in the UK and New Zealand.

Background And Objective: Oral corticosteroids (OCS) are the guideline recommended treatment for all asthma attacks, but benefits must be considered alongside the potential for cumulative side-effects. There is interest in trialling biomarker-directed management of attacks to rationalise OCS treatment in those with least benefit. Understanding stakeholder perspectives on the risks and benefits associated with OCS treatment can inform trial design and shared decision-making discussions in clinical practice.

Applying an ecological model to identify resources that aid peer support workers in substance use disorder recovery: A qualitative study.

This qualitative study aimed to understand the intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy resources that peer support workers (PSWs) in the substance use disorder (SUD) recovery field perceive as helpful in supporting their efforts. Twenty-five PSWs participated in semistructured interviews designed to elicit their experiences and perspectives on resources that currently support or could better support their work. PSWs had a mean age of 49.

Normal physiologic carboxyhemoglobinemia of neonate masquerading as carbon monoxide poisoning.

Carbon monoxide toxicity is a common concern in emergency departments. This case report describes a neonate with a falsely elevated carboxyhemoglobin level, initially raising concern for carbon monoxide exposure. The neonate was transferred to a tertiary care hospital and admitted, with hyperbaric oxygen therapy considered.

Boosting scientific community values: The impact of social inclusion interventions on biomedical instructors.

Interventions to foster inclusive learning environments may benefit college STEMM instructors (NASEM, 2019). We investigated the impact of a social inclusion intervention (SII) on scientific self-efficacy, identity, community values, and persistence intentions in a large and diverse sample of biomedical college instructors ( = 116) in the USA. The results indicated that the SII group developed stronger scientific community values than the control group, and the effect was the strongest for instructors who had initially expressed lower values.

Tiny Earth CURE Demonstrates Equitable Benefits for U.S. College Science Students.

Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CURE) enhance student retention in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), particularly among students who belong to historically excluded communities. Yet the mechanisms by which CUREs contribute to student integration and persistence are poorly understood. Utilizing the tripartite integration model of social influence (TIMSI), this longitudinal study examines whether and how Tiny Earth-an antibiotic-discovery CURE designed for flexible implementation in a variety of course contexts-impacts students' scientific self-efficacy, scientific identity, endorsement of scientific community values, and intentions to persist in science.

Ceftazidime retains efficacy against strains of for which traditional testing predicts resistance.

is responsible for a growing number of nosocomial infections and is difficult to treat owing to limited antibiotic susceptibilities. However, there are numerous recently published examples where traditional susceptibility testing methodology fails to accurately predict efficacy. We sought to determine if there were efficacious antibiotics against that have been overlooked due to specious resistance determined by traditional methods.

Predicting Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorder Through Machine Learning Using Metabolomic and Lipidomic Profiling and Clinical Characteristics.

Objective: To perform metabolomic and lipidomic profiling with plasma samples from patients with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) to identify possible biomarkers for PAS and to predict PAS with machine learning methods that incorporated clinical characteristics with metabolomic and lipidomic profiles.

Methods: This was a multicenter case-control study of patients with placenta previa with PAS (case group n=33) and previa alone (control group n=21). Maternal third-trimester plasma samples were collected and stored at -80°C.

Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Mechanisms of Open Globe Injury in the United States: A Multi-Center Study.

Purpose: We sought to examine the demographic and clinical risk factors associated with specific mechanisms of open globe injuries (OGIs) and identify predictors of Zone III injuries across multiple tertiary eye care centers.

Patients And Methods: 1570 patients with OGIs presenting to the Wilmer Eye Institute, the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Wills Eye Hospital between 2018-2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Multinomial and binomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between demographic and clinical risk factors with injury mechanisms and Zone III injuries.

Empowering the Next Generation of Cancer Research Advocates: Community Engagement Across the Research Continuum.

Community engagement represents a foundational strategy for advancing cancer research and improving health outcomes. This study examines advocacy as a form of community engagement across the cancer research continuum, aligning with ASCO's 2024-2025 presidential theme of "Driving Knowledge to Action: Building a Better Future." We present a comprehensive framework that promotes bidirectional learning, trust, and transparency at all stages of research, from conception to dissemination.

Disparities in United States Nationwide County-Level PrEP Rate and PrEP to Need Ratio During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic created numerous barriers to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) access in the United States (US). The present study aimed to understand changes in county-level PrEP use relative to the need for PrEP during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly for racial minorities.

Method: Public county-level data from 2019 to 2022 were used.

Police Officers' Attitudes, Intentions, and Stereotyping Towards Mental Health Help Seeking Behaviors.

Unlabelled: Police officers have a history of decreased willingness to seek mental health help. Increasing focus has been placed on enhancing the officer's mental wellbeing but has this improved their help-seeking behavior?

Methods: This cross-sectional quantitative study evaluated officers' mental health help-seeking attitudes, intentions, and stereotyping of others seeking help using mental distress levels. Data was collected from 337 officers across 22 states.

A Phase I Study of Nilotinib in Combination with Paclitaxel in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors.

Purpose: We assessed the safety, maximum tolerated dose, and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the nilotinib-paclitaxel combination in 44 patients with solid tumors.

Patients And Methods: Paclitaxel was administered intravenously (days 1, 8, and 15), and nilotinib was administered twice daily orally beginning on cycle 1 day 2 (C1D2; escalation) or C1D3 (expansion) in 28-day cycles using a 3 + 3 dose escalation design. Pharmacodynamic biomarkers of drug action were assessed in paired tumor biopsies and circulating tumor cells at the RP2D.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A National Survey of Physician Practices.

We aimed to identify changes in United States practice patterns in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis and treatment following publication of the 2008 Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (HAPO) study that supported transition toward a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test. A total of 1,030 U.S.

Does travel time matter?: predictors of transportation vulnerability and access to HIV care among people living with HIV in South Carolina.

Background: People living with HIV (PLHIV) in the southern United States (US) are at high risk for poor outcomes across the HIV care continuum leading to low rates of viral suppression. Understanding structural barriers to care-including transportation vulnerability-is critical to improve HIV outcomes. This study investigated relationships between travel time to HIV care, transportation vulnerability, and HIV care disruptions to inform future transportation interventions for PLHIV residing in South Carolina and other southern US states.

TAME 2.0: expanding and improving online data science training for environmental health research.

Introduction: Data science training has the potential to propel environmental health research efforts into territories that remain untapped and holds immense promise to change our understanding of human health and the environment. Though data science training resources are expanding, they are still limited in terms of public accessibility, user friendliness, breadth of content, tangibility through real-world examples, and applicability to the field of environmental health science.

Methods: To fill this gap, we developed an environmental health data science training resource, the inTelligence And Machine lEarning (TAME) Toolkit, version 2.

The Impact of Heterosexual Scripts on Women's Sexual Desire in Relationships.

Numerous studies have described that women's sexual desire is lower than men's desire. Within a heterosexual couple, a sexual desire discrepancy can be associated with sexual and relationship dissatisfaction. The factors that negatively influence women's sexual desire are biological, psychological, relational, cognitive and sociocultural.