Side Effect Profiles of Nonhormonal, Nonsurgical Gender-Affirming Body Modifications.

Binding, packing, using stand-to-pee (STP) devices, and tucking are nonhormonal, nonsurgical gender-affirming body modifications (GABMs) that are used to affirm gender expression. This study sought to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of and side effects experienced by those using GABMs. We conducted a cross-sectional study of The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality Study participants who completed the 2023 Annual Questionnaire.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A National Survey of Physician Practices.

We aimed to identify changes in United States practice patterns in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis and treatment following publication of the 2008 Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (HAPO) study that supported transition toward a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test. A total of 1,030 U.S.

Mode of delivery predicts postpartum maternal leukocyte telomere length.

Background: Recent studies have suggested that pregnancy accelerates biologic aging, yet little is known about how biomarkers of aging are affected by events during the peripartum period. Given that immune shifts are known to occur following surgery, we explored the relation between mode of delivery and postpartum maternal leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a marker of biologic aging.

Study Design: Postpartum maternal blood samples were obtained from a prospective cohort of term, singleton livebirths without hypertensive disorders or peripartum infections between 2012 and 2018.

Virtual simulation training for postpartum hemorrhage in low-to-moderate-volume hospitals in the US.

Background: Maternal mortality in the United States is rising and many deaths are preventable. Emergencies, such as postpartum hemorrhage, occur less frequently in non-teaching, rural, and urban low-birth volume hospitals. There is an urgent need for accessible, evidence-based, and sustainable inter-professional education that creates the opportunity for clinical teams to practice their response to rare, but potentially devastating events.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Cervical Insufficiency, Cervical Cerclage, and Preterm Birth.

The frequency of cervical insufficiency differs among the major racial and ethnic groups, with limited data specific to Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (AANHPI) subpopulations. We assessed cervical insufficiency diagnoses and related outcomes across 10 racial and ethnic groups, including disaggregated AANHPI subgroups, in a large population-based cohort. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all singleton births between 20-42 weeks' gestation in California from 2007 to 2018.

Vascular health years after a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy: The EPOCH study.

Background: Preeclampsia is associated with a two-fold increase in a woman's lifetime risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but the reasons for this association are uncertain. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between vascular health and a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy among women ≥ 2 years postpartum.

Methods: Pre-menopausal women with a history of either a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (cases: preeclampsia or gestational hypertension) or a normotensive pregnancy (controls) were enrolled.

Revealing the impact of lifestyle stressors on the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes with multitask machine learning.

Unlabelled: Psychosocial and stress-related factors (PSFs), defined as internal or external stimuli that induce biological changes, are potentially modifiable factors and accessible targets for interventions that are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Although individual APOs have been shown to be connected to PSFs, they are biologically interconnected, relatively infrequent, and therefore challenging to model. In this context, multi-task machine learning (MML) is an ideal tool for exploring the interconnectedness of APOs on the one hand and building on joint combinatorial outcomes to increase predictive power on the other hand.

Population-based associations between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and spontaneous and medically indicated preterm birth using restricted cubic splines in California.

Background: The literature pertaining to risk of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) as related to body mass index (BMI), specifically high BMI, is conflicting.

Objective: To assess the relationships between maternal prepregnancy BMI and sPTB separately for non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians.

Methods: Population-based cohort study of mothers who delivered a singleton livebirth in California from 2007 to 2012.

A data-driven health index for neonatal morbidities.

Whereas prematurity is a major cause of neonatal mortality, morbidity, and lifelong impairment, the degree of prematurity is usually defined by the gestational age (GA) at delivery rather than by neonatal morbidity. Here we propose a multi-task deep neural network model that simultaneously predicts twelve neonatal morbidities, as the basis for a new data-driven approach to define prematurity. Maternal demographics, medical history, obstetrical complications, and prenatal fetal findings were obtained from linked birth certificates and maternal/infant hospitalization records for 11,594,786 livebirths in California from 1991 to 2012.

Newborn screen metabolic panels reflect the impact of common disorders of pregnancy.

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and maternal diabetes profoundly affect fetal and newborn growth, yet disturbances in intermediate metabolism and relevant mediators of fetal growth alterations remain poorly defined. We sought to determine whether there are distinct newborn screen metabolic patterns among newborns affected by maternal hypertensive disorders or diabetes in utero.

Methods: A retrospective observational study investigating distinct newborn screen metabolites in conjunction with data linked to birth and hospitalization records in the state of California between 2005 and 2010.

Deleterious and Protective Psychosocial and Stress-Related Factors Predict Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Birth.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to: (1) Identify (early in pregnancy) psychosocial and stress-related factors that predict risk of spontaneous preterm birth (PTB, gestational age <37 weeks); (2) Investigate whether "protective" factors (e.g., happiness/social support) decrease risk; (3) Use the Dhabhar Quick-Assessment Questionnaire for Stress and Psychosocial Factors (DQAQ-SPF) to rapidly quantify harmful or protective factors that predict increased or decreased risk respectively, of PTB.

Trends in Spontaneous and Medically Indicated Preterm Birth in Twins versus Singletons: A California Cohort 2007 to 2011.

Objective: The study aimed to describe preterm birth (PTB) rates, subtypes, and risk factors in twins compared with singletons to better understand reasons for the decline in PTB rate between 2007 and 2011.

Study Design: This was a retrospective population-based analysis using the California linked birth certificates and maternal-infant hospital discharge records from 2007 to 2011. The main outcomes were overall, spontaneous (following spontaneous labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes), and medically indicated PTB at various gestational age categories: <37, <32, and 34 to 36 weeks in twins and singletons.

Association of Gestational Age with Postpartum Hemorrhage: An International Cohort Study.

Background: Risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage, such as chorioamnionitis and multiple gestation, have been identified in previous epidemiologic studies. However, existing data describing the association between gestational age at delivery and postpartum hemorrhage are conflicting. The aim of this study was to assess the association between gestational age at delivery and postpartum hemorrhage.

Parental age and preterm birth: a population-based cohort of nearly 3 million California livebirths from 2007 to 2012.

Purpose: To assess the relationships between parental ages and preterm birth subtypes.

Methods: A population-based cohort analysis of California livebirths 2007-2012. Associations between maternal and paternal age with spontaneous and medically indicated preterm birth were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models.

Mid-gestation serum lipidomic profile associations with spontaneous preterm birth are influenced by body mass index.

Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality. While metabolic changes leading to preterm birth are unknown, several factors including dyslipidemia and inflammation have been implicated and paradoxically both low (<18.5 kg/m2) and high (>30 kg/m2) body mass indices (BMIs) are risk factors for this condition.

Stillbirths and live births in the periviable period.

Purpose: We use data from California, where 13% of US births occur, to address two questions arising from efforts in the first decade of this century to avoid stillbirths before 25 6/7 weeks of gestation (i.e., in the periviable period).

Preterm birth outcomes among Asian women by maternal place of birth.

Objective: To investigate overall, spontaneous, and medically indicated preterm birth (PTB) rates between US-born and non-US-born Asian women living in California.

Study Design: Nulliparous women with a singleton livebirth and Asian race in California between 2007 and 2011 were investigated. The prevalence of overall (<37 weeks), spontaneous, and medically indicated PTB was examined by self-reported race and place of birth among ten Asian subgroups.

Male-to-Female Ratios, Race/Ethnicity, and Spontaneous Preterm Birth among 11 Million California Infants.

Objective: An observed disparity in population-scale data are a larger number of males among preterm births (PTBs). We investigated spontaneous PTB risk among women of various race/ethnic groups in combination with infants' sex.

Study Design: This observational study was conducted in > 10 million California births (1991-2012) using birth certificates linked with maternal and infant hospital discharge data.

Short interpregnancy interval as a risk factor for preterm birth in non-Hispanic Black and White women in California.

Objective: Short interpregnancy interval (IPI) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB < 37 weeks GA). We investigated whether short IPI (< 6 months) contributes to the higher PTB frequency among non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB).

Study Design: Using a linked birth cohort > 1.