Pragmatic Low-Dose Oral Immunotherapy for Preschool Children With Peanut Allergy: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Peanut allergy is the most common childhood-onset, persistent food allergy. Peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a potential treatment, but few studies prospectively examine the outcome of peanut OIT in young children using parent-measured doses compared to standard care (peanut avoidance).

Objective: To determine the efficacy, safety and tolerability of a pragmatic peanut OIT protocol (parent-measured doses with low maintenance dose) compared to avoidance.

Acceptability, feasibility, and program outcomes of an equity-focused, adapted community-based healthy lifestyle program for children, young people, and their families in Perth, Western Australia: an implementation hybrid research protocol.

Background: International guidelines recommend multidisciplinary intervention programs for addressing childhood obesity. In Western Australia, community-based healthy lifestyle programs for children and young people are insufficient for demand, especially for those over-represented in obesity statistics relating to prevalence. This protocol outlines the implementation and evaluation of an adapted, evidenced, community-based program in Perth, Western Australia.

"Stop, pause and take a break": a mixed methods study of the longer-term outcomes of digital emotional wellbeing training for perinatal women.

Background: Maternal psychological distress is related to poorer physical and mental health as well as child developmental problems. Interventions that optimise maternal mental health and wellbeing during the "first 1,000 days" of life should have wide-reaching benefits for the mother and her child. Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) during this critical period have the potential to equip women with enhanced coping strategies that can be applied and maintained in daily life.

Measurement properties and feasibility of chronic pain assessment tools for use with children and young people with cerebral palsy.

Purpose: Chronic pain assessment tools exist for children, but may not be valid, reliable, and feasible for populations with functional, cognitive or communication limitations, for example, cerebral palsy (CP). This study aimed to (i) identify chronic pain assessment tools used with children and young people and rate their measurement properties; (ii) develop a CP specific feasibility rating tool to assess the feasibility of tools in CP; and (iii) categorise tools according to reporting method.

Materials And Methods: Assessment tools were identified by literature review.

Early Peanut Immunotherapy in Children (EPIC) trial: protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial of peanut oral immunotherapy in children under 5 years of age.

Introduction: Food allergy is a major public health challenge in Australia. Despite widespread uptake of infant feeding and allergy prevention guidelines the incidence of peanut allergy in infants has not fallen, and prevalence of peanut allergy in school-aged children continues to rise. Therefore, effective and accessible treatments for peanut allergy are required.

Characterising hospitalisation risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: Bedside and outpatient clinic assessments of easily measured variables.

Objective: To identify the characteristics of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who require hospitalisation for exacerbations.

Methods: People with COPD were recruited either during hospitalisation or from out-patient respiratory medicine clinics. Hospital admissions were tracked throughout the 5-months recruitment period.

The compassionate communities connectors program: effect on healthcare usage.

Background: Public health approaches to palliative and end-of-life care focus on enhancing the integration of services and providing a comprehensive approach that engages the assets of local communities. However, few studies have evaluated the relative costs and benefits of providing care using these service models.

Objectives: To assess the effect on healthcare usage of a community-based palliative care program ('Compassionate Communities Connectors') where practical and social support was delivered by community volunteers to people living with advanced life-limiting illnesses in regional Western Australia.

The cost of respiratory hospitalizations in children with cerebral palsy.

Aim: To establish the burden of respiratory illness in cerebral palsy (CP) on the Western Australian health care system by quantifying the costs of respiratory hospitalizations in children with CP, compared with non-respiratory hospitalizations.

Method: A 2-year (2014-2015) retrospective study using linked hospital data (excluding emergency department visits), in a population of children with CP in Western Australia aged 18 years and under (median age at hospitalization 7 years; interquartile range 5-12 years).

Results: In 671 individuals (57% male) there were 726 emergency hospitalizations, and 1631 elective hospitalizations.

Increasing emergency department visits for anaphylaxis in very early childhood: A canary in the coal mine.

Aim: The incidence of anaphylaxis is increasing globally in tandem with changing environmental and lifestyle factors. There is very limited data on very early childhood presentations. We aim to assess changes in rates, characteristics and management of infant anaphylaxis in a paediatric ED over a 15-year period.

Time-out for well-being: A mixed methods evaluation of attitudes and likelihood to engage in different types of online emotional well-being programmes in the perinatal period.

Background: Positive maternal mental health during the perinatal period contributes to general well-being and positive emotional bonds with the child, encouraging an optimal developmental trajectory. Online interventions to enhance maternal well-being and develop coping skills, such as meditation-based interventions, can be a low-cost way to improve mother and child outcomes. However, this depends on end-user engagement.

The Kimberley Dental Team: A process evaluation of a volunteer dental programme serving remote Aboriginal communities in Australia.

Objectives: This study aims to conduct a process evaluation of the Kimberley Dental Team (KDT), a not-for-profit, volunteer organization providing care to remote Aboriginal communities in Western Australia.

Methods: A logic model was constructed to detail the operational context of the KDT model. Subsequently, the fidelity (the extent to which each of the programme's elements were implemented as planned), dose (types and quantity of services provided) and reach (demographic characteristics and communities serviced) of the KDT model were evaluated using service data, deidentified clinical records and volunteer rosters maintained by KDT from 2009 to 2019.

Kindy Moves: the feasibility of an intensive interdisciplinary programme on goal and motor outcomes for preschool-aged children with neurodisabilities requiring daily equipment and physical assistance.

Objectives: To determine the feasibility of an intensive interdisciplinary programme in improving goal and motor outcomes for preschool-aged children with non-progressive neurodisabilities. The primary hypothesis was that the intervention would be feasible.

Design: A single group feasibility study.

The impact of a combined mentalisation-based therapy and therapeutic community programme for adolescents with borderline personality disorder traits on service utilisation in Western Australia.

This study assessed the effect of a mentalisation-based therapy (MBT) treatment programme on the utilisation of Western Australian public hospitals for mental health presentations over an 18-month period. Hospital data included the number of visits to the emergency department (ED), the number of inpatient admissions to hospital and length of stay of the admissions. Participants included 76 adolescents aged 13-17 years old, who presented with borderline personality disorder (BPD) traits.

In adults with advanced lung disease, the 1-minute sit-to-stand test underestimates exertional desaturation compared with the 6-minute walk test: an observational study.

Question: In adults with advanced lung disease, do the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and 1-minute sit-to-stand test (1minSTS) elicit similar cardiorespiratory responses? Can the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) be estimated from the 1minSTS result?

Design: Prospective observational study using data collected during routine clinical practice.

Participants: Eighty adults (43 males) with advanced lung disease, a mean age of 64 years (SD 10) and a mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 1.65 L (SD 0.

A new children's hospital with a larger floor space, single rooms, and V-shaped ward design: A pre-post evaluation of nurse time providing patient care and nurse, patient, and family experiences.

Background: The impact of hospital building design on patients, families and nurses related to nursing care interactions is not well understood. This study reports a pre-post intervention study to understand the effects of the move to a new children's hospital in Perth, Australia, on nurse workflow activities and on patient, family, and nurse experiences.

Methods: We used a pre-post explanatory sequential design involving observation of nurse work tasks; measurement of the Practice Environment Scale and Nurse Work Index; weekly surveys of nurse, patient and family experiences; and nurse focus groups and interviews with patients and families.

Goal setting, goal attainment and quality of life of children following selective dorsal rhizotomy.

Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the individualized occupational performance issues identified by parents/carers and children prior to selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) surgery and analyse change up to 2 years post surgery in goal attainment and quality of life (QoL).

Method: The Australian SDR Research Registry (trial registration: ACTRN12618000985280) was used to extract data for individualized goals, goal attainment and QoL based on the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children (CP QOL-Child parent-proxy) at baseline and 1 and 2 years following SDR. Change in mean scores was analysed using linear mixed models.

From guidelines to practice: A retrospective clinical cohort study investigating implementation of the early detection guidelines for cerebral palsy in a state-wide early intervention service.

Objectives: To report on knowledge translation strategies and outcomes from the implementation of the early detection guidelines for cerebral palsy (CP) in a state-wide tertiary early intervention (EI) service and investigate the impact of social determinants on clinical services.

Design: Retrospective longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: The Western Australia tertiary paediatric EI service.

Accuracy, interpretability and usability study of a wireless self-guided fetal heartbeat monitor compared to cardiotocography.

Fetal Cardiography is usually performed using in-hospital Cardiotocographic (CTG) devices to assess fetal wellbeing. New technologies may permit home-based, self-administered examinations. We compared the accuracy, clinical interpretability, and user experience of a patient-administered, wireless, fetal heartbeat monitor (HBM) designed for home use, to CTG.

Effect of targeted movement interventions on pain and quality of life in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy: a pilot single subject research design to test feasibility of parent-reported assessments.

Purpose: To determine the feasibility of using parent-reported outcome measures of the Paediatric Pain Profile (PPP), Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) and Care and Comfort Hypertonicity Questionnaire (CCHQ) as repeated outcome measures of change at weekly intervals for children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP). The secondary aim was to explore the efficacy of individualised movement intervention.

Material And Methods: In this pilot feasibility study a single subject research design was utilised.

A smartphone-based algorithm comprising cough analysis and patient-reported symptoms identifies acute exacerbations of asthma: a prospective, double blind, diagnostic accuracy study.

Early and accurate recognition of asthma exacerbations reduces the duration and risk of hospitalization. Current diagnostic methods depend upon patient recognition of symptoms, expert clinical examination, or measures of lung function. Here, we aimed to develop and test the accuracy of a smartphone-based diagnostic algorithm that analyses five cough events and five patient-reported features (age, fever, acute or productive cough and wheeze) to detect asthma exacerbations.

Diagnostic Errors Are Common in Acute Pediatric Respiratory Disease: A Prospective, Single-Blinded Multicenter Diagnostic Accuracy Study in Australian Emergency Departments.

Diagnostic errors are a global health priority and a common cause of preventable harm. There is limited data available for the prevalence of misdiagnosis in pediatric acute-care settings. Respiratory illnesses, which are particularly challenging to diagnose, are the most frequent reason for presentation to pediatric emergency departments.

Comparison of Experiences in Two Birth Cohorts Comprising Young Families with Children under Four Years during the Initial COVID-19 Lockdown in Australia and the UK: A Qualitative Study.

This study aims to understand the experience and impact of the initial COVID-19 lockdown in young families with children aged below 4 years. Free text questions were administered to participants in the ORIGINS (Australia) and Born in Bradford (UK) cohort studies to collect qualitative information on worries, concerns and enjoyable experiences during the pandemic. A total of 903 (400 for ORIGINS and 503 for BiB) participants completed the two surveys during April 2020.