Integrative spatial transcriptomic analysis pinpoints the role of the ferroxidase, TaMCO3, in wheat root tip iron mobilization.

Roots play a critical role in the sensing and absorption of essential minerals from the rhizosphere. Iron (Fe) deficiency, for example, triggers a well-known series of physiological and molecular responses within roots that facilitate uptake, which differs between monocots and dicots. In monocots, little is known about the molecular responses that occur within specific root development zones in response to iron deprivation, and how these differences result in overall nutrient uptake.

ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and POPEYE (PYE) regulate intercellular iron transport in plants.

Plants maintain iron (Fe) homeostasis under varying environmental conditions by balancing processes such as Fe uptake, transport and storage. In Arabidopsis, POPEYE (PYE), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (TF), has been shown to play a crucial role in regulating this balance. In recent years, the mechanisms regulating Fe uptake have been well established but the upstream transcriptional regulators of Fe transport and storage are still poorly understood.

Shedding light on iron nutrition: exploring intersections of transcription factor cascades in light and iron deficiency signaling.

In the dynamic environment of plants, the interplay between light-dependent growth and iron nutrition is a recurring challenge. Plants respond to low iron levels by adjusting growth and physiology through enhanced iron acquisition from the rhizosphere and internal iron pool reallocation. Iron deficiency response assays and gene co-expression networks aid in documenting physiological reactions and unraveling gene-regulatory cascades, offering insight into the interplay between hormonal and external signaling pathways.

HY5: a key regulator for light-mediated nutrient uptake and utilization by plants.

ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), a bZIP-type transcription factor, is a master regulator of light-mediated responses. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 binds to the promoter of c. 3000 genes, thereby regulating various physiological and biological processes, including photomorphogenesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, root development, response to abiotic stress and nutrient homeostasis.

SOD-GIF-FIT module controls plant organ size and iron uptake.

Plant organ growth is controlled by various internal and external cues. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that coordinate plant organ growth and nutrient homeostasis remain largely unknown. Recently, Zheng et al.

ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 regulates BRUTUS and affects iron acquisition and homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for both plants and animals. Fe-limitation significantly reduces crop yield and adversely impacts on human nutrition. Owing to limited bioavailability of Fe in soil, plants have adapted different strategies that not only regulate Fe-uptake and homeostasis but also bring modifications in root system architecture to enhance survival.

Role of jasmonate signaling in the regulation of plant responses to nutrient deficiency.

Phytohormones regulate plant growth and development by integrating various internal developmental cues with external environmental conditions. Jasmonic acid (JA) is an oxylipin-derived phytohormone that modulates the plasticity of plant responses against fluctuating environmental cues. An increasing number of studies have shown that it regulates a wide spectrum of plant physiological and biochemical processes, including reproductive development, primary root growth, root hair development, seed germination, senescence, regeneration, defense against biotic stress such as pathogen infection and herbivory, and mitigation of a number of abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, high and low temperatures, wounding, excessive UV exposure, limited water availability, and metal(oid)-induced toxicity.

Paclobutrazol improves surface water use efficiency by regulating allometric trait behavior in maize.

Paclobutrazol (PBZ) role in drought management of maize is least understood. In maize, root traits are linked with surface water management. Over three years, early and terminal deficit irrigation (EDI and TDI) with or without PBZ were imposed on DKC-9144 and PG-2475 maize varieties.

Protein targeting to starch 1, a functional protein of starch biosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

TaPTST1, a wheat homolog of AtPTST1 containing CBM can interact with GBSSI and regulate starch metabolism in wheat endosperm. In cereal endosperm, native starch comprising amylose and amylopectin is synthesized by the coordinated activities of several pathway enzymes. Amylose in starch influences its physio-chemical properties resulting in several human health benefits.

A genome-wide association study reveals cytokinin as a major component in the root defense responses against Ralstonia solanacearum.

Bacterial wilt caused by the soil-borne pathogen Ralstonia solancearum is economically devastating, with no effective methods to fight the disease. This pathogen invades plants through their roots and colonizes their xylem, clogging the vasculature and causing rapid wilting. Key to preventing colonization are the early defense responses triggered in the host's root upon infection, which remain mostly unknown.

ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 Negatively Regulates to Increase Survival during UV-B Stress.

Understanding how the distinct cell types of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) withstand ultraviolet radiation (UVR) stress can improve cultivation of plants in high-UVR environments. Here, we show that UV-B irradiation selectively kills epidermal and niche cells in the shoot apex. Plants harboring a mutation in () are tolerant to UV-B.

Systems genomics approaches provide new insights into Arabidopsis thaliana root growth regulation under combinatorial mineral nutrient limitation.

The molecular mechanisms by which plants modulate their root growth rate (RGR) in response to nutrient deficiency are largely unknown. Using Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, we analyzed RGR variation under combinatorial mineral nutrient deficiencies involving phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). While -P stimulated early RGR of most accessions, -Fe or -Zn reduced it.

Root System Depth in Arabidopsis Is Shaped by EXOCYST70A3 via the Dynamic Modulation of Auxin Transport.

Root system architecture (RSA), the distribution of roots in soil, plays a major role in plant survival. RSA is shaped by multiple developmental processes that are largely governed by the phytohormone auxin, suggesting that auxin regulates responses of roots that are important for local adaptation. However, auxin has a central role in numerous processes, and it is unclear which molecular mechanisms contribute to the variation in RSA for environmental adaptation.

Publisher Correction: An extracellular network of Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases.

In this Letter, an incorrect version of the Supplementary Information file was inadvertently used, which contained several errors. The details of references 59-65 were missing from the end of the Supplementary Discussion section on page 4. In addition, the section 'Text 3.

Natural allelic variation of the AZI1 gene controls root growth under zinc-limiting condition.

Zinc is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms and is involved in a plethora of processes including growth and development, and immunity. However, it is unknown if there is a common genetic and molecular basis underlying multiple facets of zinc function. Here we used natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana to study the role of zinc in regulating growth.

An extracellular network of Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases.

The cells of multicellular organisms receive extracellular signals using surface receptors. The extracellular domains (ECDs) of cell surface receptors function as interaction platforms, and as regulatory modules of receptor activation. Understanding how interactions between ECDs produce signal-competent receptor complexes is challenging because of their low biochemical tractability.

Natural allelic variation of FRO2 modulates Arabidopsis root growth under iron deficiency.

Low availability of Fe significantly limits crop yields in many parts of the world. However, it is largely unknown which genes and alleles adjust plant growth in Fe limited environments. Using natural variation of a geographically restricted panel of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, we identify allelic variation at the FRO2 locus associated with root length under iron deficiency.

Automated High-Throughput Root Phenotyping of Arabidopsis thaliana Under Nutrient Deficiency Conditions.

The central question of genetics is how a genotype determines the phenotype of an organism. Genetic mapping approaches are a key for finding answers to this question. In particular, genome-wide association (GWA) studies have been rapidly adopted to study the architecture of complex quantitative traits.

Genetic control of root growth: from genes to networks.

Background: Roots are essential organs for higher plants. They provide the plant with nutrients and water, anchor the plant in the soil, and can serve as energy storage organs. One remarkable feature of roots is that they are able to adjust their growth to changing environments.

Underground tuning: quantitative regulation of root growth.

Plants display a high degree of phenotypic plasticity that allows them to tune their form and function to changing environments. The plant root system has evolved mechanisms to anchor the plant and to efficiently explore soils to forage for soil resources. Key to this is an enormous capacity for plasticity of multiple traits that shape the distribution of roots in the soil.

Transformation and measurement of bioluminescence rhythms in the moss Physcomitrella patens.

Gene targeting is a highly effective and straightforward technique for the functional analysis of a gene of interest. However, its efficiency is not satisfactorily high in many model plants including Arabidopsis thaliana. In the moss Physcomitrella patens, a model species of basal plants, the efficiency of gene targeting is as high as in yeasts, and this moss is becoming widely recognized as an experimental model of choice in various areas of plant biology.

Genome-wide association study using cellular traits identifies a new regulator of root development in Arabidopsis.

With the increased availability of high-resolution sequence information, genome-wide association (GWA) studies have become feasible in a number of species. The vast majority of these studies are conducted in human populations, where it is difficult to provide strong evidence for the functional involvement of unknown genes that are identified using GWA. Here we used the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana to combine high-throughput confocal microscopy imaging of traits at the cellular level, GWA and expression analyses to identify genomic regions that are associated with developmental cell-type traits.

Heterologous expression and functional characterization of a Physcomitrella Pseudo response regulator homolog, PpPRR2, in Arabidopsis.

Physcomitrella patens has four homologs of the pseudo-response regulator involved in the circadian clock mechanism in seed plants. To gain insight into their function, Arabidopsis transgenic lines misexpressing PpPRR2 were constructed. Phenotypic analysis of the transformants with reference to clock-related gene expression and photoperiodic responses revealed that heterologous expression of the moss PpPRR2 gene modifies the intrinsic mechanism underlying the circadian clock in Arabidopsis, suggesting that PpPRR2 serves as a clock component in P.