Theoretical and Experimental Study of Functional Additives in Au(I)-DMH Cyanide-Free Gold Electroplating System.

Developing a cyanide-free gold electrodeposition system is significant for replacing the cyanide electroplating gold plating system, which is highly harmful to the environment and toxic to human health. In our study, a cyanide-free system for electrodepositing gold (Au) coatings was proposed with AuCl as the main salt and 5,5-dimethyl hydantoin (DMH) as the Au (I) complexing agent. Through theoretical calculations and electrochemical test screening, 4,6-dimethyl-2-mercaptopyrimidine (DMP) is suitable for DMH-based gold electrodeposition and was selected as an electroplating additive.

Theoretical Research and Application of Additive DPS in the Electrochemical Microroughening Layer of Copper Foil.

The roughening layer on the electrolytic copper foil is crucial to the performance of printed circuit boards (PCBs). Additives provide a straightforward and efficient method for improving the performance of the copper foil roughening layer. This study introduces ,-dimethyl-dithiocarbamate propanesulfonate (DPS) for the first time as an electrochemical roughening additive for copper foils.

Cerium Oxide-Induced Synchronous Lattice Oxygen Activation and Accelerated Deprotonation Kinetics in Cobalt (oxy)Hydroxide for Robust Water Oxidation.

Theoretically, triggering the lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) of the catalysts during the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can effectively break through the thermodynamic limitations, while following this path, the rate of simultaneous deprotonation also determines the overall kinetics. A cerium oxide units-modified cobalt (oxy)hydroxide nanocomposite of CeO-CoOOH/NF is proposed, where the Ce(4f)-O(2p)-Co (3d) coupling with sites interaction mediates the Co─O Mott-Hubbard splitting state to trigger efficient LOM. Meanwhile, the 4f orbital electron-rich state near the Fermi level is favorable for proceeding the electron-involved deprotonation behavior.

Impact of Metal Source Structure on the Electrocatalytic Properties of Polyacrylonitrile-Derived Co-N-Doped Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts.

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) plays a central role in energy conversion and storage technologies. A promising alternative to precious metal catalysts are non-precious metal doped carbons. Considerable efforts have been devoted to cobalt-doped carbonized polyacrylonitrile catalysts, but the optimization of their catalytic performance remains a key challenge.

Active Sites Regulation and Mass Production of a Hierarchically Porous Fe-N-C Catalyst for Zinc-Air Batteries.

Although the iron-nitrogen-carbon (Fe-N-C) catalyst has great potential in zinc-air batteries (ZABs), the insufficient performance and low production of the Fe-N-C catalyst are still the key factors that greatly limit the commercial application. In this study, first, a simple dual melt-salt template method is developed to prepare the hierarchically porous HPFe-N-C catalyst with abundant highly stable Fe-pyridinic-N sites. Then, HPFe-N-C and Fe-phenanthroline are mixed and heated for the mass production of THPFe-N-C with rich highly active Fe-pyrrolic-N sites.

Vanadate-Mediated Mismatch Configuration over the Reconstructed Nickel-Iron Electrocatalyst for Boosting Alkaline Oxygen Evolution.

During the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), catalyst candidates that can fully trigger self-reconstruction to derive active species with favorable configurations are expected to overcome the sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, we innovatively propose the introduction of heterogeneous vanadate dopants into nickel-iron alloy precatalysts, where the crystal mismatch structure induces local electron delocalization in the hexagonal close packed alloy phase, thereby facilitating adequate electrochemical reconstruction to form (oxy)hydroxides as the real catalytic species. Simultaneously, the participation of vanadate in the reconstruction also triggers mismatch in the derived (oxy)hydroxides, reinforcing the metal-oxygen covalence, so that lattice oxygen activation is kinetically favorable and facilitates the OER via the lattice oxygen pathway.

Proteomic study of localized tissue necrosis by Naja atra venom.

Naja atra bites often result in immediate and severe illness. The venom of N. atra contains a complex mixture of toxins that can cause significant damage to the patient's skin tissue.

Nitrogen, sulfur co-coordinated iron single-atom catalysts with the optimized electronic structure for highly efficient oxygen reduction in Zn-air battery and fuel cell.

Atomically dispersed iron-nitrogen-carbon (FesbndNsbndC) materials have been considered ideal catalysts for the oxygen reduction. Unfortunately, designing and adjusting the electronic structure of single-atom Fe sites to boost the kinetics and activity still faces grand challenges. In this work, the coordination environment engineering is developed to synthesize the Fe/NSC catalyst with the tailored N, S co-coordinated Fe atomic site (Fe-NS site).

Oroxylin A suppresses breast cancer-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis as a natural RON inhibitor.

Background: Malignant breast cancer cells trigger the over-activation of osteoclast precursor cells, leading to bone loss and severe pain. Targeted inhibition of osteoclast differentiation has emerged as an important strategy for treating bone syndromes induced by breast cancer.

Purpose: The objective is to discover natural osteoclast inhibitor to treat osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction induced by breast cancer, and clarify the specific mechanisms.

Erianin serves as an NFATc1 inhibitor to prevent breast cancer-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction.

Introduction: Breast cancer-related bone metastasis can lead to skeletal-related events (SREs), which decrease patient quality of life. Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis is a key treatment for SREs; however, the availability of clinical drugs remains limited, and all existing ones disrupt physiological bone formation, while exhibiting no effect on patient survival time.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify a novel osteoclast inhibitor for the treatment of breast cancer-induced SREs.

Research on Physiological Characteristics and Differential Gene Expression of Rice Hybrids and Their Parents under Salt Stress at Seedling Stage.

Soil salinization is one of the most important abiotic stresses which can seriously affect the growth and development of rice, leading to the decrease in or even loss of a rice harvest. Increasing the rice yield of saline soil is a key issue for agricultural production. The utilization of heterosis could significantly increase crop biomass and yield, which might be an effective way to meet the demand for rice cultivation in saline soil.

High selective electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene enabled by regulating the microenvironment over Cu-Ag nanowires.

Copper-based tandem catalysts are effective candidates for yielding multi-carbon (C2+) products in electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CORR). However, these catalysts still face a significant challenge regarding in the low selectivity for the production of a specific product. In this study, we report a high selectivity of 77.

Immune-Cell-Based Therapy for COVID-19: Current Status.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic. The interplay between innate and adaptive immune responses plays a crucial role in managing COVID-19. Cell therapy has recently emerged as a promising strategy to modulate the immune system, offering immense potential for the treatment of COVID-19 due to its customizability and regenerative capabilities.

Hexahydrocurcumin from Zingiberis rhizoma attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute pneumonia through JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Background: Pneumonia is one of the major causes of death after pathogens infection. Zingiberis rhizoma (GAN JIANG) is a herb that used in combination with other Chinese medicines to treat pathogen such as virus induced pneumonia. However, the affect of hexahydrocurcumin (HHC), a component from Zingiberis rhizoma, on pneumonia remains unknown.

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the New Leveler Basic Blue 1 during Copper Superconformal Growth.

A novel chlorinated functional group-modified triphenylmethane derivative leveler BB1 is used to achieve superconformal electrodeposition in microvias. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are performed to study the suppressing effect of BB1, while the convection-dependent adsorption of BB1 on the copper surface is analyzed by galvanostatic measurement, and a BB1 concentration window between 100 and 200 mg/L is beneficial for superfilling. The interactions among BB1, bis-(sodium sulfopropyl) disulfide (SPS), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) are also investigated.

Coexisting Fe single atoms and nanoparticles on hierarchically porous carbon for high-efficiency oxygen reduction reaction and Zn-air batteries.

Fe single-atom catalysts still suffer from unsatisfactory intrinsic activity and durability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, the coexisting Fe single atoms and nanoparticles on hierarchically porous carbon (denoted as Fe-FeN-C) are prepared via a Zn(OH)(CO)-assisted pyrolysis strategy. Theoretical calculation reveals that the Fe nanoparticles can optimize the electronic structures and d-band center of Fe active center, hence reducing the reaction energy barrier for enhancing intrinsic activity.

Flot2 deficiency facilitates B cell-mediated inflammatory responses and endotoxic shock.

Sepsis is a life-threatening disease characterized by multiple organ dysfunction. B cells play a pivotal role in sepsis. Here, we first observed the significantly reduced Flot2 gene expression in B cells from patients with bacterial sepsis and endotoxin-induced septic mice.

Polyphyllin VII protects from breast cancer-induced osteolysis by suppressing osteoclastogenesis via c-Fos/NFATc1 signaling.

Bone is a preferred metastatic site of advanced breast cancer and the 5-year overall survival rate of breast cancer patients with bone metastasis is only 22.8%. Targeted inhibition of osteoclasts can treat skeletal-related events (SREs) in breast cancer patients.

Key Roles of Interfacial OH ion Distribution on Proton Coupled Electron Transfer Kinetics Toward Urea Oxidation Reaction.

Enhancing alkaline urea oxidation reaction (UOR) activity is essential to upgrade renewable electrolysis systems. As a core step of UOR, proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) determines the overall performance, and accelerating its kinetic remains a challenge. In this work, a newly raised electrocatalyst of NiCoMoCuO H with derived multi-metal co-doping (oxy)hydroxide species during electrochemical oxidation states is reported, which ensures considerable alkaline UOR activity (10/500 mA cm at 1.

Construction of Self-Supporting NiCoFe Nanotube Arrays Enabling High-Efficiency Alkaline Oxygen Evolution.

Enhancing the intrinsic activity and modulating the electrode-electrolyte interface microenvironment of nickel-based candidates are essential for breaking through the sluggish kinetics limitation of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, a ternary nickel-cobalt-iron solid solution with delicate hollow nanoarrays architecture (labeled as NiCoFe-NTs) was designed and fabricated via a ZnO-templated electrodeposition strategy. Owing to the synergistic nanostructure and composition feature, NiCoFe-NT presents desirable alkaline OER performance, with a η and η of 187 and 310 mV, respectively, along with favorable long-term durability.

Bimetallic co-doping engineering over nickel-based oxy-hydroxide enables high-performance electrocatalytic oxygen evolution.

Enhancing the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance is essential to realize practical energy-saving water electrolysis and CO electroreduction. Herein, we report a bimetallic co-doping engineering to design and fabricate nickel-cobalt-iron collaborative oxy-hydroxide on nickel foam that labeled as NiCoFeOH-NF. As expected, NiCoFeOH-NF exhibits an outstanding OER activity with current density of 10 mA cm at 194 mV, Tafel slope of 53 mV dec, along with the robust long-term stability, which is significantly better than bimetallic NiCo and NiFe combinations.

Synergistic doping and structural engineering over dendritic NiMoCu electrocatalyst enabling highly efficient hydrogen production.

The development of non-precious metal electrocatalysts with remarkable activity is a major objective for achieving high-efficiency hydrogen generation. Here, a trimetallic electrocatalyst with a dendritic nanostructure, which is denoted as NiMoCu-NF, was fabricated on nickel foam a gas-template electrodeposition strategy. By virtue of the metallic doping and structural optimization, NiMoCu-NF exhibits superior HER electrocatalytic activity with an overpotential of 52 mV at 10 mA cm.

Synergistic Interfacial and Doping Engineering of Heterostructured NiCo(OH)-CoW as an Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalyst.

To achieve high efficiency of water electrolysis to produce hydrogen (H), developing non-noble metal-based catalysts with considerable performance have been considered as a crucial strategy, which is correlated with both the interphase properties and multi-metal synergistic effects. Herein, as a proof of concept, a delicate NiCo(OH)-CoW catalyst with a bush-like heterostructure was realized via gas-template-assisted electrodeposition, followed by an electrochemical etching-growth process, which ensured a high active area and fast gas release kinetics for a superior hydrogen evolution reaction, with an overpotential of 21 and 139 mV at 10 and 500 mA cm, respectively. Physical and electrochemical analyses demonstrated that the synergistic effect of the NiCo(OH)/CoW heterogeneous interface resulted in favorable electron redistribution and faster electron transfer efficiency.

A theoretical study of atomically dispersed MN/C (M = Fe or Mn) as a high-activity catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction.

Carbon-based, non-noble metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are crucial for the large-scale application of metal-air batteries and fuel cells. Density functional theory calculations were performed to explore the potential of atomically dispersed MN4/C (M = Fe or Mn) as an ORR catalyst in an acidic electrolyte and the ORR mechanism on MN4/C was systematically studied. The results indicated MN4 as the active site of MN4/C and a four-electron OOH transformation pathway as the preferred ORR mechanism on the MN4/C surface.

Transition Metal and Nitrogen Co-Doped Carbon-based Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: From Active Site Insights to the Rational Design of Precursors and Structures.

Considering the urgent requirement for clean and sustainable energy, fuel cells and metal-air batteries have emerged as promising energy storage and conversion devices to alleviate the worldwide energy challenges. The key step in accelerating the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics at the cathode is to develop cost-effective and high-efficiency non-precious metal catalysts, which can be used to replace expensive Pt-based catalysts. Recently, the transition metal and nitrogen co-doped carbon (M-N /C) materials with tailored morphology, tunable composition, and confined structure show great potential in both acidic and alkaline media.