Comparison of a Specialized Large Language Model with GPT-4o for CT and MRI Radiology Report Summarization.

Background Although the general-purpose large language model (LLM) GPT-4o (OpenAI) has shown promise in radiology language processing, it remains unclear whether the performance of GPT-4o in report summarization is better than that of an LLM specifically designed for this task. Purpose To compare the performance of a specialized LLM with that of GPT-4o in the comprehensive summarization of radiology reports. Materials and Methods A specialized LLM for report summarization (LLM-RadSum) was developed using retrospectively collected reports from a hospital, divided into training and internal test sets (9:1 ratio).

Primary care patients' perspectives on CT coronary calcium scoring and exercise electrocardiography.

Background: Computed tomography coronary calcium scoring (CT-CCS) shows higher sensitivity for obstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD) detection than exercise electrocardiography (x-ECG), but its role as initial diagnostic test in primary care remains unclear.

Objective(s): This study assessed patients' perspectives on CT-CCS or x-ECG testing and diagnostic results.

Methods: In this one-year pilot study, 38 general practitioner practices were included.

Coronary CT angiography evaluation with artificial intelligence for individualized medical treatment of atherosclerosis: a Consensus Statement from the QCI Study Group.

Coronary CT angiography is widely implemented, with an estimated 2.2 million procedures in patients with stable chest pain every year in Europe alone. In parallel, artificial intelligence and machine learning are poised to transform coronary atherosclerotic plaque evaluation by improving reliability and speed.

Validation of artificial intelligence software for automatic calcium scoring in cardiac and chest computed tomography.

Objective: Coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS), i.e. quantification of Agatston (AS) or volume score (VS), can be time consuming.

Cost-effectiveness and budget impact of lung cancer screening in time of immunotherapy.

Background: Lung cancer screening in high-risk populations with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) reduces lung cancer mortality by detecting cancer at early stage. Immunotherapy improves survival in these patients. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of LDCT screening extending immunotherapy to early-stage patients.

Towards a more realistic anthropomorphic chest phantom using 3D-printed and cork-integrated components.

Background: Thorax phantoms for computed tomography (CT) imaging often lack realistic lung parenchyma and bronchovascular anatomy. To improve anatomical accuracy, 3D-printed chest phantoms have been developed as more realistic alternatives to existing models.

Purpose: To evaluate whether an in-house developed anthropomorphic phantom insert realistically represents the anatomical structures and attenuation characteristics compared to the original phantom and human CT data.

Aggressiveness-guided nodule management for lung cancer screening in Europe-justification for follow-up intervals and definition of growth.

The European Society of Thoracic Imaging (ESTI) nodule management recommendation for lung cancer screening with low-dose CT builds on existing nodule management guidelines but puts a stronger focus on lesion aggressiveness and measurement error. Key objectives included finding a compromise between the overall number of follow-up examinations, avoiding a major stage shift, and reducing the risk for overtreatment. Nodule management categories at baseline are chosen depending on the size of a solid nodule or the solid component of a subsolid or cystic nodule, with suspicious morphology upgrading risk to the next higher category.

A multi-view CNN model to predict resolving of new lung nodules on follow-up low-dose chest CT.

Objective: New, intermediate-sized nodules in lung cancer screening undergo follow-up CT, but some of these will resolve. We evaluated the performance of a multi-view convolutional neural network (CNN) in distinguishing resolving and non-resolving new, intermediate-sized lung nodules.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study utilized data on 344 intermediate-sized nodules (50-500 mm) in 250 participants from the NELSON (Dutch-Belgian Randomized Lung Cancer Screening) trial.

Erratum to 'Model-Based Cost-Utility Analysis of Combined Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening for Lung Cancer, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Cardiovascular Disease' [JTO Clinical and Research Reports Volume 6 Issue 5 (2025) 100813].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.

Respiratory symptoms associated with a new lobe-based bronchial scoring system in an urban Chinese low-dose CT screening population.

Objective: To develop a lobe-based bronchial scoring system in a general Chinese urban population undergoing low-dose CT (LDCT) screening and examining the association between the scores and the presence and absence of respiratory symptoms.

Materials And Methods: A total of 989 Chinese participants aged 40-74 from the NELCIN-B3 study underwent LDCT screening. The scoring system assessed bronchiectasis by summing up CT findings in each of the five lung lobes, including severity and extent of bronchial dilatation and airway wall thickness, as well as the presence of mucoid impaction.

A comparison of an integrated and image-only deep learning model for predicting the disappearance of indeterminate pulmonary nodules.

Background: Indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs) require follow-up CT to assess potential growth; however, benign nodules may disappear. Accurately predicting whether IPNs will resolve is a challenge for radiologists. Therefore, we aim to utilize deep-learning (DL) methods to predict the disappearance of IPNs.

Model-Based Cost-Utility Analysis of Combined Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening for Lung Cancer, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Cardiovascular Disease.

Introduction: The conditional cost-effectiveness of low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer (LC) screening has been reported. Extending LC screening to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), together with Big-3, could increase health benefits at marginal costs. This study aimed to estimate the cost-utility of Big-3 screening compared with no screening and LC screening in The Netherlands.

AI-enabled opportunistic measurement of liver steatosis in coronary artery calcium scans predicts cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: an AI-CVD study within the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Introduction: About one-third of adults in the USA have some grade of hepatic steatosis. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scans contain more information than currently reported. We previously reported new artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms applied to CAC scans for opportunistic measurement of bone mineral density, cardiac chamber volumes, left ventricular mass, and other imaging biomarkers collectively referred to as AI-cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Cardiac MRI-based Subclinical Cardiac Dysfunction during 2 Years after Breast Cancer Irradiation: The MEDIRAD EARLY-HEART Study.

Purpose To evaluate the relationship between cardiac radiation doses and subclinical changes in cardiac function using cardiac MRI during 2 years of follow-up in patients with breast cancer treated with radiation therapy without chemotherapy after lumpectomy. Materials and Methods This prospective multicenter study (NCT03297346) enrolled female individuals with breast cancer treated with radiation therapy between December 2017 and September 2019. Participants underwent cardiac MRI at baseline, 6 months, and 24 months.

Scientific research in primary health care: Lessons learned from a pragmatic multicenter implementation study in 101 general practices in the Netherlands.

In this short report, the challenges and lessons learned from implementing scientific research in primary care are discussed. It highlights the complexities of conducting studies in primary care, where 'Lasagna's Law' rules too often. Using the CONCRETE trial - a pragmatic multicenter implementation trial - as an example, eight key elements are identified as important factors for successfully conducting scientific research in primary care, such as optimizing digital processes and improving engagement.

CT-Based radiomics nomogram of lung and mediastinal features to identify cardiovascular disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multicenter study.

Rationale And Objectives: To investigate the performance of two diagnostic models based on CT-derived lung and mediastinum radiomics nomograms for identifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients.

Materials And Methods: Hospitalized participants with COPD were retrospectively recruited between September 2015 and April 2023. Clinical data and visual coronary artery calcium score (CACS) were collected.

Vulnerable or High-Risk Plaque: A JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging Position Statement.

The concept of high-risk plaque emerged from pathologic and epidemiologic studies 3 decades ago that demonstrated plaque rupture with thrombosis as the predominant mechanism of acute coronary syndrome and sudden cardiac death. Thin-cap fibroatheroma, a plaque with a large lipidic core covered by a thin fibrous cap, is the prototype of the rupture-prone plaque and has been traditionally defined as "vulnerable plaque." Although knowledge on the pathophysiology of plaque instability continues to grow, the risk profile of our patients has shifted and the character of atherosclerotic disease has evolved, partly because of widespread use of lipid-lowering therapies and other preventive measures.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging practices: insights from the MRCT registry.

Purpose: To assess the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and the spectrum of indications for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a focus on myocarditis.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of data from the MRCT registry of the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR). Data regarding indications and diagnoses of myocarditis between January 1, 2018, and April 30, 2024, were extracted.

Highlights of the Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2024 Conference: the first joint European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology, and Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance conference.

Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2024 Conference (CMR2024) convened in London, UK, from 24 to 26 January 2024 and brought together 2705 learners and renowned cardiac imaging professionals to discuss and learn about the latest advancements. Organized by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), in collaboration with the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR), CMR2024 was the largest international cardiac magnetic resonance conference to date. This conference underscored the collaboration between cardiologists, radiologists, scientists, and technologists by bringing together three major societies-SCMR, EACVI, and ESCR.

Highlights of the Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2024 Conference: the first joint European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology, and Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance conference.

Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2024 Conference (CMR2024) convened in London, UK, from 24 to 26 January 2024 and brought together 2705 learners and renowned cardiac imaging professionals to discuss and learn about the latest advancements. Organized by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), in collaboration with the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR), CMR2024 was the largest international cardiac magnetic resonance conference to date. This conference underscored the collaboration between cardiologists, radiologists, scientists, and technologists by bringing together three major societies-SCMR, EACVI, and ESCR.

Use of AI in Cardiac CT and MRI: A Scientific Statement from the ESCR, EuSoMII, NASCI, SCCT, SCMR, SIIM, and RSNA.

Artificial intelligence (AI) offers promising solutions for many steps of the cardiac imaging workflow, from patient and test selection through image acquisition, reconstruction, and interpretation, extending to prognostication and reporting. Despite the development of many cardiac imaging AI algorithms, AI tools are at various stages of development and face challenges for clinical implementation. This scientific statement, endorsed by several societies in the field, provides an overview of the current landscape and challenges of AI applications in cardiac CT and MRI.

Coronary Artery Calcium Scores After Prophylactic Premenopausal Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy.

Background: Premenopausal risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) in women at high familial risk of ovarian cancer leads to immediate menopause. Although early natural menopause is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, evidence on long-term cardiovascular disease risk after early surgical menopause is scarce.

Objectives: We sought to determine the long-term influence of the timing of RRSO on the development of coronary artery calcium (CAC), an established marker for cardiovascular disease risk.

Repeatability of AI-based, automatic measurement of vertebral and cardiovascular imaging biomarkers in low-dose chest CT: the ImaLife cohort.

Objective: To evaluate the repeatability of AI-based automatic measurement of vertebral and cardiovascular markers on low-dose chest CT.

Methods: We included participants of the population-based Imaging in Lifelines (ImaLife) study with low-dose chest CT at baseline and 3-4 month follow-up. An AI system (AI-Rad Companion chest CT prototype) performed automatic segmentation and quantification of vertebral height and density, aortic diameters, heart volume (cardiac chambers plus pericardial fat), and coronary artery calcium volume (CACV).