Effects of Resistance vs High Intensity Interval Training on Myokines and Cancer Cell Suppression in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Trial.

Purpose: Reducing recurrence and mortality is crucial for breast cancer survivors. We investigated the effects of a 12-week resistance training (RT) vs high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program on myokines, cytokines secreted by skeletal muscle cells at rest in response to muscle contraction, and cancer cell inhibition.

Methods: Twenty-eight survivors of breast cancer (age 55.

History informing the future of exercise oncology.

Exercise is increasingly recognized by patients, clinicians, and allied health professionals globally as an important component of cancer care. In this paper, we provide a viewpoint on developments in exercise oncology over the past 4 decades leading up to the creation of the International Society of Exercise Oncology (ISEO). We briefly review research in adult and pediatric cancers from early foundation studies to larger randomized controlled trials published in mainstream oncology journals alongside critical work undertaken in exercise and cancer biological mechanisms.

International perspectives on exercise oncology: current state, challenges, and opportunities for future development.

Exercise oncology has emerged as a distinctive area of research and clinical practice. To obtain a global overview of this field, we summarize viewpoints from experts across 6 continents on (1) the scope of exercise oncology research and programs, (2) the availability of reimbursement for cancer exercise services, and (3) pathways and initiatives for developing the exercise oncology workforce. From an international perspective, the field of exercise oncology has progressed substantially; however, gains made to date are uneven, with general underdevelopment in Africa, Asia, and South and Central America.

Accelerating precision exercise medicine in cancer patients using pooled individual patient data: POLARIS experience.

Numerous exercise oncology trials have been completed, greatly informing exercise recommendations for patients with cancer. Exercise medicine can be administered in various types, doses, and schedules at various time points. Advancing precision exercise medicine requires understanding of how the effects of different exercise interventions vary by characteristics of individual patients.

Effect of exercise on bone-related outcomes in patients with cancer affected by bone metastases or bone loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise interventions on bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone turnover markers in patients with cancer and compromised bone health.

Materials And Methods: A comprehensive search of four electronic databases was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of exercise intervention compared to supplementation or bone-targeted agents only on BMD, BMC and bone turnover markers. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models to calculate effect sizes (ES) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Longitudinal changes in skeletal muscle in children undergoing cancer treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Unlabelled: Skeletal muscle loss during chemotherapy has been associated with poorer outcomes and reduced survival across several types of cancer. However, the extent and progression of muscle loss during treatment for childhood cancers remain unclear. A better understanding could help identify children at increased risk and inform the timing of targeted intervention.

Exercise and inflammation in female survivors of breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis with secondary mediation analysis on body composition.

Purpose: Inflammation plays a key role in breast cancer recurrence and mortality by promoting tumor progression. Exercise significantly reduces pro-inflammatory markers such as IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP, potentially reducing mortality risk. However, it is yet to be determined whether exercise-induced changes in body composition can modulate inflammatory biomarker responses in the breast cancer setting.

A single bout of resistance or high-intensity interval training increases anti-cancer myokines and suppresses cancer cell growth in vitro in survivors of breast cancer.

Purpose: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women, highlighting the need for strategies to mitigate recurrence and mortality. We examined the effects of a single bout of resistance training (RT) versus high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on anti-cancer myokines and in vitro cancer cell suppression.

Methods: Thirty-two survivors of breast cancer were randomly allocated to a single bout of RT (n = 16) or HIIT (n = 16).

Exercise effects on symptoms of depression and anxiety vary by patient, clinical, and intervention characteristics in cancer survivors: Results from pooled analyses of individual participant data of 26 RCTs.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether socio-demographic, clinical, and intervention-related variables moderate the effects of exercise on depression and anxiety symptoms in cancer survivors.

Methods: Data from 26 RCTs in the POLARIS database were analyzed using a one-step individual participant data (IPD) meta-analytic approach with linear mixed models to assess exercise effects on depression and anxiety symptoms (z-scores). Interaction terms were added to these models to explore moderators.

Cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with cancer: exploring the role of physical exercise.

Purpose: Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of non-cancer mortality among patients with cancer, with cardiac autonomic dysfunction identified as a significant predictor of future cardiovascular conditions. Despite the importance of autonomic dysfunction as a prognostic marker being well-established in healthy individuals and other chronic conditions, its role in patients with cancer remains underexplored. This narrative review aims to synthesize existing literature on the role of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with cancer and explore the potential of physical exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention to modulate the autonomic nervous system positively.

Translating advocacy into action: exploring oncology healthcare professionals' awareness and use of the Clinical Oncology Society of Australia position statement on exercise in cancer care.

Purpose: The Clinical Oncology Society of Australia (COSA) position statement on exercise in cancer care encourages all healthcare professionals to discuss, recommend, and refer people with cancer to exercise; however, use of these recommendations in practice is unknown.

Methods: Oncology healthcare professionals working in Australia were invited to complete a cross-sectional online survey that assessed contextual factors that influence implementation of COSA exercise guidance in cancer care, based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Results: We received 133 survey responses.

Feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial to explore the muscular influence of post-operative intravenous iron treatment for anaemia after major abdominal surgery.

Background And Objectives: Iron deficiency anaemia is common in patients recovering from major surgery and is associated with poorer post-operative outcomes. We designed a randomized controlled trial treating post-operative anaemia with iron therapy to observe the influence on post-operative recovery.

Materials And Methods: Anaemic patients (haemoglobin [Hb] < 120 g/L for women, Hb < 130 g/L for men) recovering from major abdominal surgery at Fiona Stanley Hospital were recruited.

Resistance exercise dose effects on muscle morphology, muscle function and quality of life in advanced-stage ovarian cancer survivors.

Aim: Advanced-stage ovarian cancer survivors often have compromised muscle morphology (muscle mass and density), muscle function (muscle strength and physical function), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We recently reported improvements in these outcomes following resistance training. Information on the resistance exercise dose required to improve health-related outcomes is still lacking in this cancer group.

Endogenous Opioid Peptides After Floatation Therapy in Resistance-Trained Men.

Kraemer, WJ, Caldwell, LK, Post, EM, Volek, JS, Hagen, JM, Newton, RU, Häkkinen, K, Omonije, O, and Maresh, CM. Endogenous opioid peptides after floatation therapy in resistance trained men. J Strength Cond Res 38(10): 1808-1812, 2024-Floatation-restricted environmental stimulation therapy (Float-REST) has shown improvements in muscle soreness and fatigue.

Bone mineral density in childhood cancer survivors during and after oncological treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Osteoporosis poses a significant concern for childhood cancer survivors (CCS). While recommendations for surveillance and management of bone mineral density (BMD) exist, no systematic review and meta-analysis has been undertaken to quantify BMD Z-scores in childhood cancer patients undergoing cancer treatment and survivors who have completed treatments. Accordingly, we conducted a systematic review with a 3-level mixed-effects meta-analysis to examine the course of BMD Z-scores in childhood cancer patients and survivors and identified possible moderators using meta-regression models.

Effects of exercise on inflammation in female survivors of nonmetastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Despite advances in breast cancer treatment, recurrence remains common and contributes to higher mortality risk. Among the potential mechanisms, inflammation plays a key role in recurrence by promoting tumor progression. Exercise provides a wide array of health benefits and may reduce inflammation, potentially reducing mortality risk.

Exercise and Psychosexual Education to Improve Sexual Function in Men With Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Sexual dysfunction is a common adverse effect of prostate cancer treatment, and current management strategies do not adequately address physical and psychological causes. Exercise is a potential therapy in the management of sexual dysfunction.

Objective: To investigate the effects of supervised, clinic-based, resistance and aerobic exercise with and without a brief psychosexual education and self-management intervention (PESM) on sexual function in men with prostate cancer compared with usual care.

Exercise medicine as adjunct therapy during RADIation for CAncer of the prostaTE to improve treatment efficacy - protocol for the ERADICATE study: a phase II randomised controlled trial.

Background: Tumour hypoxia resulting from inadequate perfusion is common in many solid tumours, including prostate cancer, and constitutes a major limiting factor in radiation therapy that contributes to treatment resistance. Emerging research in preclinical animal models indicates that exercise has the potential to enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment by modulating tumour perfusion and reducing hypoxia; however, evidence from randomised controlled trials is currently lacking. The 'Exercise medicine as adjunct therapy during RADIation for CAncer of the prostaTE' (ERADICATE) study is designed to investigate the impact of exercise on treatment response, tumour physiology, and adverse effects of treatment in prostate cancer patients undergoing external beam radiation therapy (EBRT).

Association of muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in patients diagnosed with cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Objectives: To examine the association between muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in patients diagnosed with cancer, and whether these associations are affected by type and/or stage of cancer.

Method: A systematic review with meta-analysis was carried out. Five bibliographic databases were searched to August 2023.

Meeting Aerobic Physical Activity Guidelines and Associations With Physical Fitness in Men With Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Baseline Results of the Multicentre INTERVAL-GAP4 Trial.

Background: This study compared the physical activity level of men with metastatic prostate cancer at baseline of the multicentre INTERVAL-GAP4 trial to the American Cancer Society guidelines and examined associations with physical fitness.

Methods: A total of 140 men on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were included in this cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the INTERVAL-GAP4 trial. Exclusion criteria included a maximum of 1 h of vigorous aerobic exercise or one structured resistance exercise session per week but no restrictions on habitual physical activity.

Effects of resistance training vs high intensity interval training on body composition, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and quality of life in survivors of breast cancer: a randomized trial.

Purpose: Breast cancer treatments often lead to unfavourable changes in body composition, physical fitness, and quality of life (QoL). We compared the effects of resistance training (RT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on these outcomes in survivors of breast cancer.

Methods: Twenty-eight survivors of breast cancer, post-treatment (Stage I-III), aged 55.

Immediate Versus Delayed Exercise on Health-related Quality of Life in Patients Initiating Androgen Deprivation Therapy: Results from a Year-long Randomised Trial.

Background And Objective: An array of treatment-related toxicities result from androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa), compromising function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Exercise has been demonstrated to counter a number of these adverse effects including decreased HRQoL; however, when exercise should be initiated is less clear. This study aims to examine whether commencing exercise when ADT is initiated rather than later during treatment is more effective in countering adverse effects on HRQoL.

Effects of short- and long-term exercise training on cancer cells in vitro: Insights into the mechanistic associations.

Exercise is a therapeutic approach in cancer treatment, providing several benefits. Moreover, exercise is associated with a reduced risk for developing a range of cancers and for their recurrence, as well as with improving survival, even though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Preclinical and clinical evidence shows that the acute effects of a single exercise session can suppress the growth of various cancer cell lines in vitro.