Adherence to World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Guidelines and Mortality among Participants with Colorectal Cancer in the MEC.

Background: Racial and ethnic minority patients with colorectal cancer are underrepresented in studies on health behavior and mortality.

Methods: We examined the association between postdiagnosis health behavior and mortality in the Multiethnic Cohort, a diverse group of 215,000 participants from Hawaii and Los Angeles (recruited 1993-1996). Follow-up was through December 31, 2019.

Multivitamin Use After Prostate Cancer Diagnosis Is Associated with Lower Risk of Recurrence: A Prospective Cohort Study from the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE).

Background And Objective: Multivitamin (MV) use is common among men with prostate cancer (PC). However, data on MV use in relation to the risk of PC recurrence are limited.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal observational cohort study in 1396 men with nonmetastatic PC who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiation therapy (RT) and enrolled in the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) study between 1999 and 2018.

Race and Ethnicity, Lifestyle, Diet, and Survival in Patients With Prostate Cancer.

Importance: Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a leading cause of cancer-related death among men in the US.

Objective: To evaluate the association of healthy lifestyle and dietary behaviors with survival after a nonmetastatic PCa diagnosis in a multiethnic population.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective cohort study was conducted among men aged 45 to 75 years enrolled between 1993 and 1996 in the Multiethnic Cohort study.

Trends in Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates.

Importance: Incidence of distant stage prostate cancer is increasing in the United States. Research is needed to understand trends by social and geographic factors.

Objective: To examine trends in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates in California by stage, age, race and ethnicity, and region.

Meeting Aerobic Physical Activity Guidelines and Associations With Physical Fitness in Men With Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Baseline Results of the Multicentre INTERVAL-GAP4 Trial.

Background: This study compared the physical activity level of men with metastatic prostate cancer at baseline of the multicentre INTERVAL-GAP4 trial to the American Cancer Society guidelines and examined associations with physical fitness.

Methods: A total of 140 men on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were included in this cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the INTERVAL-GAP4 trial. Exclusion criteria included a maximum of 1 h of vigorous aerobic exercise or one structured resistance exercise session per week but no restrictions on habitual physical activity.

Postvasectomy Semen Analysis Compliance With Utilization of a Mail-In Semen Analysis Kit.

Purpose: The AUA recommends postvasectomy semen analysis (PVSA) to verify successful vasectomy. However there remains poor patient compliance. We sought to assess whether mail-in PVSA improves patient compliance across a wide range of practice types.

Plant-Based Diets and Disease Progression in Men With Prostate Cancer.

Importance: Plant-based diets are associated with many health and environmental benefits, including primary prevention of fatal prostate cancer, but less is known about postdiagnostic plant-based diet patterns in individuals with prostate cancer.

Objective: To examine whether postdiagnostic plant-based dietary patterns are associated with risk of prostate cancer progression and prostate cancer-specific mortality.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This longitudinal observational cohort study included men with biopsy-proven nonmetastatic prostate cancer (stage ≤T3a) from the diet and lifestyle substudy within the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) enrolled at 43 urology practices across the US from 1999 to 2018.

Plant-based diet associated with better quality of life in prostate cancer survivors.

Background: Plant-based diets have many health benefits, including a lower risk of fatal prostate cancer, and greater environmental sustainability. However, less is known regarding the impact of plant-based diets on quality of life among individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer. The authors' objective was to examine the relationship between plant-based diet indices postdiagnosis with quality of life.

The impact of genomic biomarkers on a clinical risk prediction model for upgrading/upstaging among men with favorable-risk prostate cancer.

Background: The challenge of distinguishing indolent from aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) complicates decision-making for men considering active surveillance (AS). Genomic classifiers (GCs) may improve risk stratification by predicting end points such as upgrading or upstaging (UG/US). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of GCs on UG/US risk prediction in a clinicopathologic model.

Wake-Up Call to Address Sleep Health in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Underappreciated Contributor to Poor Quality of Life.

Background: Few studies have specifically examined sleep health in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Further study is warranted to inform future strategies in patients with NMIBC.

Objective: We aim to describe sleep health in a cohort of patients with NMIBC, and its relationship with quality of life (QOL).

Engaging communities to inform the development of a diverse cohort of cancer survivors: formative research for the eat move sleep study (EMOVES).

Background: There are more than 18 million cancer survivors in the United States. Yet, survivors of color remain under-represented in cancer survivorship research (Saltzman et al. in Contemp Clin Trials Commun 29:100986, 2022; Pang et al.

Effect of a Home-based Walking Intervention on Cardiopulmonary Fitness and Quality of Life Among Men with Prostate Cancer on Active Surveillance: The Active Surveillance Exercise Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Active surveillance (AS) is standard care for most men with low-risk prostate cancer (PC); yet, many men on AS eventually undergo curative therapy. Interventions to lower the risk of cancer progression and fear of recurrence among men on AS for PC are needed.

Objective: To determine the effect of aerobic exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness, body size, and quality of life (QOL) among men on AS for PC.

Diabetes and incidence of breast cancer and its molecular subtypes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been proposed to be positively associated with breast cancer (BCa) risk due to shared risk factors, metabolic dysfunction, and the use of antidiabetic medications. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between DM and BCa risk. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for cohort and case-control studies assessing the association between DM and BCa published before 10 December 2021.

Variety of Fruit and Vegetables and Alcohol Intake are Associated with Gut Microbial Species and Gene Abundance in Colorectal Cancer Survivors.

Background: Adherence to the American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines of avoiding obesity, maintaining physical activity, and consuming a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is associated with longer survival in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. Dietary components of the ACS guidelines may act in part by changing the microbiome, which is implicated in CRC outcomes.

Objectives: We conducted a pilot cross-sectional study to explore associations between ACS guidelines and the gut microbiome.

Barriers and confidence among colorectal and prostate cancer survivors participating in two behavioral intervention studies.

Purpose: Exercise and healthy diet are key components of cancer survivorship. We sought to explore perceived barriers to engaging in healthy diet and exercise, and whether these barriers change throughout remote-based behavioral interventions.

Methods: Smart Pace (SP) and Prostate 8 (P8) were two 12-week pilot randomized controlled trials (RCTs) among 42 colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors and 76 prostate cancer (PC) survivors, respectively, that encouraged participants to implement exercise (both) and healthy diet (P8 only) through text messaging and wearable fitness monitors; P8 also included web materials.

Diabetes mellitus and risk of breast cancer: a large-scale, prospective, population-based study.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate associations of diabetes overall, type 1 diabetes (T1D), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) with breast cancer (BCa) risk.

Methods: We included 250,312 women aged 40-69 years between 2006 and 2010 from the UK Biobank cohort. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for associations of diabetes and its two major types with the time from enrollment to incident BCa.

Engaging Men of Diverse Racial and Ethnic Groups With Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Design of an mHealth Diet and Exercise Intervention: Focus Group Study.

Background: Healthy diet and exercise can improve quality of life and prognosis among men with prostate cancer. Understanding the perceived barriers to lifestyle change and patient preferences in a diverse cohort of men with prostate cancer is necessary to inform mobile health (mHealth) lifestyle interventions and increase health equity.

Objective: We conducted a multisite study to understand the preferences, attitudes, and health behaviors related to diet and lifestyle in this patient population.

Post-diagnostic health behaviour scores and risk of prostate cancer progression and mortality.

Background: Individual behaviours are associated with prostate cancer (PC) progression. Behavioural scores, comprised of multiple risk factors, allow assessment of the combined impact of multiple behaviours.

Methods: We examined the association between six a priori scores and risk of PC progression and mortality among 2156 men with PC in the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) cohort: two scores developed based on the PC survivorship literature ('2021 Score [+ Diet]'); a score developed based on pre-diagnostic PC literature ('2015 Score'); and three scores based on US recommendations for cancer prevention ('WCRF/AICR Score') and survival ('ACS Score [+ Alcohol]').

Controlled trial of decision support for men with early-stage prostate cancer: brief research report of effects on patient knowledge.

Introduction: A single-arm pre-post pilot study in an academic setting found that pre-consultation decision support was associated with improved patient knowledge among men with early-stage prostate cancer. We now report on exploratory analyses from a controlled study featuring patients from both academic and community settings.

Methods: We enrolled 58 men to usual care and 61 men to the intervention.

Nutrition Guidance for Patients on Androgen Deprivation Therapy.

Dietary guidance for men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) should focus on reducing the risk of prostate cancer-specific outcomes and other chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). National guidelines for both CVD prevention and cancer survivors recommend a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and low in red/processed meat, refined grains, and added fats and sugars. Additional observational studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to examine short- and long-term effects of diet on clinical, biological, and patient-reported outcomes for men treated with ADT.

Sexual function remains persistently low in women after treatment for colorectal cancer and anal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Women diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) or anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) are at high risk of sexual dysfunction after treatment, yet little is known about recovery and risk factors for chronic dysfunction.

Aim: We aimed to describe sexual function and sexual activity among women who underwent definitive treatment for CRC or ASCC, examine relationships between time since treatment completion and sexual function, and explore factors associated with desire and changes in sexual desire over time.

Methods: As part of a prospective cohort study of patients with gastrointestinal cancer at the University of California San Francisco, female-identifying participants who finished definitive treatment for CRC or ASCC completed the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) at 6- to 12-month intervals.

Quality of life among colorectal cancer survivors participating in a pilot randomized controlled trial of a web-based dietary intervention with text messages.

Purpose: We aimed to estimate the effect of a 12-week web-based dietary intervention with text messages on quality of life (QoL) among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors.

Methods: Between 2017 and 2018, 50 CRC survivors were randomized (1:1) to receive a 12-week web-based dietary intervention with daily text messages or wait-list control. Health-related QoL was assessed using the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) and colorectal quality of life module (QLQ-CR29) at baseline, 12, and 24 weeks.