Passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser based on nickel ferrite (Ni-FeO) nanoparticles' saturable absorber: synthesis and experimental demonstration.

In this study, detailed experimental investigations of the passively -switched (PQS) erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) were reported based on nickel ferrite (-) thin-film saturable absorber (SA). The - nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a sol-gel autocombustion mechanism, and its thin film was prepared in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) via the solution casting method. The crystallographic structure, surface morphology, and particle size of - NPs were characterized using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Transgenerational effect of (Wize) on demographic parameters and detoxifying enzymes of (Smith).

is a notorious pest that has been recorded attacking over 353 crop species worldwide. Excessive insecticide exposure can lead to resistance and has adverse impacts on the environment and beneficial organisms. Long-lasting pest control methods like entomopathogenic fungi may be used to prevent the negative impact of synthetic insecticides.

Rapid elemental imaging of copper-bearing critical ores using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy coupled with PCA and PLS-DA.

This study presents the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for analyzing various copper-bearing critical ores with significant Cu concentrations. LIBS detected Cu as a base element, along with other minor elements including Al, C, Fe, Mg, Ni, Si, and Zn, under optimized experimental conditions that include 80 ± 0.3 mJ laser energy, 2 μs delay time, ∼500 μm spot size, and a 45° angle between the collecting lens and the sample surface.

Laser-Based Characterization and Classification of Functional Alloy Materials (AlCuPbSiSnZn) Using Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and a Laser Ablation Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer for Electrotechnical Applications.

In this paper, we present the analysis of functional alloy samples containing metals aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn) using a Q-switched Nd laser operating at a wavelength of 532 nm with a pulse duration of 5 ns. Nine pelletized alloy samples were prepared, each containing varying chemical concentrations (wt.%) of Al, Cu, Pb, Si, Sn, and Zn-elements commonly used in electrotechnical and thermal functional materials.

Fournier's Gangrene Secondary to Acute Perforated Appendicitis.

Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a life-threatening multi-aetiological and polymicrobial infective necrosis of the external genitalia, perineum, and peri-anal regions. Early recognition and aggressive multidisciplinary medical and surgical management are essential to reduce long-term morbidity and mortality. Acute appendicitis is a rare cause of FG.

Bipartite entanglement and Gaussian quantum steering in a whispering gallery mode coupled with two magnon modes.

We theoretically propose a scheme to generate and control continuous variable bipartite entanglement and Gaussian quantum steering in an optical whispering gallery mode (WGM)-based cavity optomagnonical system that consists of two macroscopic YIG resonator. Owing to the well-known Faraday effect, both the magnon modes are coupled to single-mode optical WGM through nonlinear interaction. We investigate in detail the impact of several physical parameters such as effective cavity detuning, input laser power, environment temperature, optomagnonical coupling strengths and magnon decay rate on different bipartite entanglement.

Critical Appraisal of Plain Abdominal X-rays in Acute Abdomen: A Review.

Abdominal X-rays (AXR) are associated with the surgical specialty, especially for patients presenting to the emergency department. They have been a useful tool for clinicians for the initial assessment of abdominal pain. With the advent of modern radiological modalities, their usefulness has diminished, particularly in developed countries.

Inequities underlie the alarming resurgence of Tuberculosis as the world's top cause of death from an Infectious Disease - Breaking the silence and addressing the underlying root causes.

•The WHO End TB strategy is stalling as shown in the Global Tuberculosis Report 2023.•The main reason is unequal access to tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment.•Tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment must be expanded outside urban centers down to the smallest and most remote unit.

Perspectives on tuberculosis in migrants, refugees, and displaced populations in Europe.

Finding and treating all forms of tuberculosis (TB) (latent, drug-susceptible, drug-resistant, multidrug-resistant, and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis) among migrants, displaced populations, and refugees are important challenges facing TB control programs in Europe. Many of these populations live in poor conditions, with limited access to healthcare and TB services. Ever-increasing armed conflicts in Europe and other parts of the world continue to exacerbate rates of migration to and within Europe, with considerable implications for health services.

Immunotherapy in gastrointestinal cancers: current strategies and future directions - a literature review.

Introduction: The National Cancer Institute defines the disease of "cancer" as a group of disorders in which aberrant cells proliferate uncontrollably and have the potential to infiltrate neighboring tissues. It is well established that cancer remains a significant etiology contributing to worldwide mortality. Gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms are a type of cancer that affects the digestive system and adds to the total cancer burden.

Exploring Problematic TikTok Use and Mental Health Issues: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies.

Background: Since its launch in 2017, TikTok has rapidly emerged as a major player in the digital landscape, amassing over a billion active users. Its engaging features have raised concerns about potential problematic use and negative mental health outcomes. Despite increasing scholarly attention, a consolidated understanding of TikTok's problematic use potential and implications remains elusive This systematic review synthesizes empirical research on problematic TikTok use and its impact on mental health.

Application of gamma spectrum analysis techniques for natural radioactivity measurements using NaI(Tl) detector.

Sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) scintillation detector is commonly used for gamma-ray spectrometric evaluations in airborne surveys and geophysical well logging. However, the applications related to environment monitoring are often encountered with challenges of low-level counting (LLC), demanding a high-resolution spectrometry system, such as a high purity germanium (HPGe) system. HPGe systems are expensive and cannot be used continuously due to the necessary supply of liquid nitrogen.

Cryptocurrency Trading and Associated Mental Health Factors: A Scoping Review.

Background: Cryptocurrency trading seemingly mirrors the high-risk, high-reward nature of gambling, and may cause significant psychological challenges to traders. As cryptocurrency trading becomes mainstream, this scoping review aims to synthesize evidence from empirical studies to understand the emotional, cognitive, and social influences on cryptocurrency traders, and identify associated mental health traits/attributes influencing their behaviors.

Methods: This review adhered to PRISMA-ScR guidelines, pooling in 13 studies involving 11,177 participants across multiple countries.

Plasma zinc and selenium levels in adult inpatients with Lassa fever in Nigeria: A case-controlled study.

Objectives: Lassa fever (LF), a viral hemorrhagic disease endemic to West Africa, carries a high mortality. Scanty studies indicate that micronutrients may play a role in immunity to LF. We performed a case-controlled study to evaluate plasma zinc and selenium levels in hospitalized patients with LF.

Exploring complex dynamics in a Ricker type predator-prey model with prey refuge.

This study examines the complexities of a discrete-time predator-prey model by integrating the impact of prey refuge, with the goal of providing a more realistic understanding of predator-prey interactions. We explore the existence and stability of fixed points within the model, offering a thorough examination of these critical aspects. Furthermore, we use center manifold and bifurcation theory to thoroughly analyze the presence and direction of period-doubling and Neimark-Sacker bifurcations.

Perioperative outcomes of robotic vs laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

Background: Minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy has gained widespread acceptance among hepatopancreatobiliary surgeons due to its demonstrated advantages in perioperative outcomes compared to the conventional open approach. This meta-analysis, along with trial sequential analysis, aimed to compare the outcomes of robotic pancreatoduodenectomy and laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy based on the current available evidence.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted from inception to July 2024.

C-reactive protein and association with disease severity in hospitalized adult patients with Lassa fever in Nigeria.

Objectives: Lassa fever (LF) poses a significant health burden in West Africa. The pathophysiology of LF and determinants of clinical spectrum of disease remain poorly understood. We performed a study to understand the correlation of blood inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP), with LF disease severity.

Incidence and Predictors of Cardiac Complications Following Elective Versus Urgent Non-cardiac Surgeries.

Cardiac complications following non-cardiac surgeries are a significant cause of perioperative morbidity and mortality. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of cardiac complications in patients undergoing elective and urgent non-cardiac surgeries. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for studies published between 2010 and 2024.

The role of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis, imaging, and treatment of thoracic empyema.

Purpose Of Review: The management of thoracic empyema is often complicated by diagnostic delays, recurrence, treatment failures and infections with antibiotic resistant bacteria. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, particularly in clinical decision support, imaging, and diagnostic microbiology raises great expectations in addressing these challenges.

Recent Findings: Machine learning (ML) and AI models have been applied to CT scans and chest X-rays to identify and classify pleural effusions and empyema with greater accuracy.

Ethical considerations in surgical research conducted in African LMICs: a comprehensive narrative review.

Introduction: Surgical research has revolutionized healthcare by improving the efficacy, safety, and efficiency of surgical interventions. This research has the potential to significantly impact healthcare delivery in Africa, where surgical diseases pose a major public health burden. Studies suggest surgery alone could reduce the global disease burden by 11%, with a substantial portion stemming from conditions prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa like traumatic injuries, childbirth complications, and surgical infections.