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This study examines the complexities of a discrete-time predator-prey model by integrating the impact of prey refuge, with the goal of providing a more realistic understanding of predator-prey interactions. We explore the existence and stability of fixed points within the model, offering a thorough examination of these critical aspects. Furthermore, we use center manifold and bifurcation theory to thoroughly analyze the presence and direction of period-doubling and Neimark-Sacker bifurcations. We also provide numerical simulations to validate our theoretical findings and demonstrate the intricacy of the model. The findings suggest that the inclusion of prey refuge has a notable stabilizing impact on the predator-prey model, hence enhancing the overall stability and resilience of the ecosystem.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0232030 | DOI Listing |
Chaos
September 2025
School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland HES-SO, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland.
We investigate species-rich mathematical models of ecosystems. While much of the existing literature focuses on the properties of equilibrium fixed-points, persistent dynamics (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biol Dyn
December 2025
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
The fear preoften leads to changes in the physiological characteristics of the prey. Different stages of prey exhibit different physiological behaviours, such as susceptibility to predator risk, which often leads to Allee effect. Taking into account the influence of these factors, a modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with Allee effect and stage structure is constructed in this paper.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiology (Basel)
August 2025
Department of Basic Teaching, Dianchi College, Kunming 650228, China.
Predator-prey interactions constitute a fundamental dynamic governing population regulation, community structure, and ecosystem stability [...
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMath Biosci Eng
June 2025
Computer Sciences and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, 37831-6013, TN, USA.
We consider the Gause predator-prey with general bounded or sub‑linear functional responses, - which includes those of Holling types Ⅰ-Ⅳ. - and multiplicative Gaussian noise. In contrast to previous studies, the prey in our model follows logistic dynamics while the predator's population is solely regulated by consumption of the prey.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
September 2025
Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666-16471, Iran.
Identifying governing equations in physical and biological systems from datasets remains a long-standing challenge across various scientific disciplines. Common methods like sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) often rely on precise derivative approximations, making them sensitive to data scarcity and noise. This study presents a novel data-driven framework by integrating high order implicit Runge-Kutta methods (IRKs) with the sparse identification, termed IRK-SINDy.
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