MRI-Based Score to Recognize Thalamic Glioma Grade in Children: Morphology, Diffusion, and Arterial-Spin-Labeling Perfusion.

Purpose: Thalamic gliomas are found predominantly in children and can be classified into two main types with different prognoses and management: diffuse midline glioma (DMG) H3K27-altered and low-grade glioma (LGG). Our aim was to find imaging features distinguishing these tumors and to develop a diagnostic score.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study spanning September 1999 to May 2021 involved pediatric patients with thalamic gliomas, categorized into H3K27-altered DMG and LGG groups.

Pituitary Adenomas in Children: : Specific Imaging Features According to Hormonal Secretion.

Purpose: Pituitary adenomas are much rarer in children than in adults. We aimed to analyze their imaging characteristics in this age group and to compare them according to the hormonal secretion. We conducted an observational monocentric retrospective study on clinical and imaging data.

Supra-tentorial Ependymomas with ZFTA Fusion, YAP1 Fusion, and Astroblastomas, MN1-altered: Characteristic Imaging Features.

Purpose: Supratentorial (ST) ependymoma subgroups are defined by two different fusions with different prognoses. Astroblastomas, MN1-altered, have ependymal-like histopathologic features and represent a differential diagnosis in children. We hypothesized that ZFTA-fused ependymoma and YAP1-fused ependymoma on the one hand, and astroblastoma, MN1-altered, on the other hand, show different MRI characteristics.

Specific brain MRI features of constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome in children with high-grade gliomas.

Background: Children with constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) syndrome have an increased risk of high-grade gliomas (HGG), and brain imaging abnormalities. This study analyzes brain imaging features in CMMRD syndrome children versus those with HGG without CMMRD.

Methods: Retrospective comparative analysis of brain imaging in 30 CMMRD children (20 boys, median age eight years, 22 with HGG), seven with Lynch syndrome (7 HGG), 39 with type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1) (four with HGG) and 50 with HGG without MMR or NF1 pathogenic variant ("no-predisposition" patients).

Better nanoscience through open, collaborative, and critical discussions.

We aim to foster a discussion of science correction and of how individual researchers can improve the quality and control of scientific production. This is crucial because although the maintenance of rigorous standards and the scrupulous control of research findings and methods are sometimes taken for granted, in practice, we are routinely confronted with articles that contain errors.

Dangers and therapeutic difficulties of intracranial hemangioma in infants: A CARE case report.

Introduction: Description of neurological complications induced by intracranial hemangioma in infants and by the initiation of beta-blocker treatment (propranolol).

Observation: A 2-month-old infant was referred for grade 5 non-congenital unilateral peripheral facial palsy. Work-up revealed ipsilateral profound hearing loss and two intracranial hemangiomas: one in the ipsilateral internal auditory canal (IAC), the other in the cerebellum opposite the nodule of vermis.

Mobility Assessment Using Multi-Positional MRI in Children with Cranio-Vertebral Junction Anomalies.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the relevance of using multi-positional MRI (mMRI) to identify cranio-vertebral junction (CVJ) instability in pediatric patients with CVJ anomalies while determining objective mMRI criteria to detect this condition.

Material And Methods: Data from children with CVJ anomalies who underwent a mMRI between 2017 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Mobility assessment using mMRI involved: (1) morphometric analysis using hierarchical clustering on principal component analysis (HCPCA) to identify clusters of patients by considering their mobility similarities, assessed through delta (Δ) values of occipito-cervical parameters measured on mMRI; and (2) morphological analysis based on dynamic geometric CVJ models and analysis of displacement vectors between flexion and extension.

Multispectral optoacoustic tomography is more sensitive than micro-computed tomography for tracking gold nanorod labelled mesenchymal stromal cells.

Tracking the fate of therapeutic cell types is important for assessing their safety and efficacy. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is an effective cell tracking technique, but poor spatial resolution means it has limited ability to precisely map cells in vivo in 3D. This can be overcome by using a bimodal imaging approach that combines BLI with a technique capable of generating high-resolution images.

Performance of Non-EPI DW MRI for Pediatric Cholesteatoma Follow-Up.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of nonecho planar (non-EPI) diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect residual cholesteatoma in children.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Tertiary comprehensive hospital.

Early Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Diagnose Residual Cholesteatoma in Children and Benefit of Radiological Rereview.

Objective: Non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (non-EPI MRI) is the appropriate sequence to detect residual cholesteatoma. In the child, MRI may be clinically useful to determine the timing of the second-look procedure. The aim of this paper was to retrospectively evaluate the performance of early MRI (before the 18th postoperative month) in detecting residual cholesteatoma in children after review by experienced specialized neuroradiologists.

Investigating genotype-to-phenotype correlation in CHARGE syndrome by deep phenotyping and multiparametric clustering.

CHARGE syndrome, due to CHD7 pathogenic variations, is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a large spectrum of severity. Despite the great number of variations reported, no clear genotype-to-phenotype correlation has been reported. Unsupervised machine learning and clustering was undertaken using a retrospective cohort of 42 patients, after deep radiologic and clinical phenotyping, to establish genotype-phenotype correlation for CHD7-related CHARGE syndrome.

Spectrum of neuroradiological manifestations in primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a comparative study of EBV-induced versus non-EBV-induced forms in 75 genetically confirmed pediatric cases.

Objectives: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and life-threatening condition affecting young children. It is potentially triggered by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This study describes the neuroradiological features observed in 75 children with genetically confirmed primary HLH, comparing EBV-induced with non-EBV-induced HLH forms.

Case Report: Zolpidem's paradoxical restorative action: A case report of functional brain imaging.

Zolpidem is a sedative drug that has been shown to induce a paradoxical effect, restoring brain function in wide range of neurological disorders. The underlying functional mechanism of the effect of zolpidem in the brain in clinical improvement is still poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to investigate rest brain function to study zolpidem-induced symptom improvement in a patient who developed postoperative pediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome, a postoperative complication characterized by delayed onset transient mutism/reduced speech that can occur after medulloblastoma resection.

How can we differentiate supratentorial tumor recurrence from postradiation imaging changes in children treated for primary malignant brain tumors?

Objective: Distinguishing tumor recurrence from therapy-induced imaging changes (TIIC) on brain MRI in children treated for primary malignant brain tumors may be challenging. The authors aimed to assess the diagnostic ability of multimodal MRI in differentiating TIIC from tumor recurrence.

Methods: The authors retrospectively included children with abnormal supratentorial brain MRI findings after treatment for primary malignant brain tumors (regardless of their localization) with complete resection and radiotherapy.

Neurological features related to influenza virus in the pediatric population: a 3-year monocentric retrospective study.

Unlabelled: Influenza virus is generally characterized by fever, myalgia, and respiratory symptoms. Neurological entities have already been described, such as acute necrotizing encephalitis (ANE). We aimed to highlight the non-exceptional nature and explore the clinical spectrum and evolution of neurological features related to influenza virus in children.

Cerebral ischemia: a frequent complication of large traumatic epidural hematoma in infants.

Objective: Epidural hematoma (EDH) has rarely been studied specifically in infants. The objective of this study was to investigate the outcomes of patients aged < 18 months (infants) with EDH.

Methods: The authors conducted a single-center retrospective study of 48 infants aged less than 18 months who underwent an operation for a supratentorial EDH in the last decade.

Reliability of fast-spin echo T2-weighted three-dimensional sequences to predict endoscopic third ventriculocisternostomy patency in children.

Purpose: Clinical and radiological assessment of endoscopic third ventriculocisternostomy (ETV) patency can be challenging in children. The objective of our study was thus to test the accuracy and interrater reliability of 3D fast-spin echo (FSE) T2-weighted sequences to assess the patency of ETV.

Methods: We included all the consecutive children who underwent surgery for ETV over a two-year period and selected the children who presented ETV dysfunction and matched them with children without dysfunction.

Preoperative Detection of Subtle Focal Cortical Dysplasia in Children by Combined Arterial Spin Labeling, Voxel-Based Morphometry, Electroencephalography-Synchronized Functional MRI, Resting-State Regional Homogeneity, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography.

Background: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) causes drug-resistant epilepsy in children that can be cured surgically, but the lesions are often unseen by imaging.

Objective: To assess the efficiency of arterial spin labeling (ASL), voxel-based-morphometry (VBM), fMRI electroencephalography (EEG), resting-state regional homogeneity (ReHo), 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET), and their combination in detecting pediatric FCD.

Methods: We prospectively included 10 children for whom FCD was localized by surgical resection.

Optical Tissue Clearing to Study the Intra-Pulmonary Biodistribution of Intravenously Delivered Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Interactions with Host Lung Cells.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) injected intravenously are trapped in the capillaries of the lungs and die within the first 24 h. Studying the biodistribution and fate of labelled therapeutic cells in the 3D pulmonary context is important to understand their function in this organ and gain insights into their mechanisms of action. Optical tissue clearing enables volumetric cell tracking at single-cell resolution.

Correction: Fmoc-diphenylalanine hydrogels: understanding the variability in reported mechanical properties.

Correction for 'Fmoc-diphenylalanine hydrogels: understanding the variability in reported mechanical properties' by Jaclyn Raeburn , , 2012, , 1168-1174, https://doi.org/10.1039/C1SM06929B.

Current strategies with implementation of three-dimensional cell culture: the challenge of quantification.

From growing cells in spheroids to arranging them on complex engineered scaffolds, three-dimensional cell culture protocols are rapidly expanding and diversifying. While these systems may often improve the physiological relevance of cell culture models, they come with technical challenges, as many of the analytical methods used to characterize traditional two-dimensional (2D) cells must be modified or replaced to be effective. Here we review the advantages and limitations of quantification methods based either on biochemical measurements or microscopy imaging.