Inverse design of chiral structures for giant helical dichroism.

Investigating chiral light-matter interactions is essential for advancing applications in sensing, imaging, and pharmaceutical development. However, the chiroptical response in natural chiral molecules and subwavelength chiral structures is inherently weak, with the conventional characterization tools limited to optical methods that utilize circularly polarized light. To overcome this, optical vortex beams, characterized by helical wavefronts, have emerged as a compelling research focus.

Dual-Purpose Aptamer-Based Sensors for Real-Time, Multiplexable Monitoring of Metabolites in Cell Culture Media.

The availability of high-frequency, real-time measurements of the concentrations of specific metabolites in cell culture systems will enable a deeper understanding of cellular metabolism and facilitate the application of good laboratory practice standards in cell culture protocols. However, currently available approaches to this end either are constrained to single-time-point and single-parameter measurements or are limited in the range of detectable analytes. Electrochemical aptamer-based (EAB) biosensors have demonstrated utility in real-time monitoring of analytes in blood and tissues.

Protocol for calcium imaging and analysis of hippocampal CA1 activity evoked by non-spatial stimuli.

The hippocampus has a major role in processing spatial information but has been found to encode non-spatial information from multisensory modalities in recent studies. Here, we present a protocol for recording non-spatial stimuli (visual, auditory, and a combination) that evoked calcium activity of hippocampal CA1 neuronal ensembles in C57BL/6 mice using a miniaturized fluorescence microscope. We describe steps for experimental apparatus setup, surgical procedures, software development, and neuronal population activity analysis.

Hippocampal cognitive and relational map paradigms explored by multisensory encoding recording with wide-field calcium imaging.

Two major theories have been proposed to explain hippocampal function: cognitive map and the relational theories. They differ in their views on whether hippocampal neurons can process non-spatial information independently. However, the explanatory power of these theories remains unresolved.

Design of an On-Chip Plasmonic Modulator Based on Hybrid Orthogonal Junctions Using Vanadium Dioxide.

We present the design of a plasmonic modulator based on hybrid orthogonal silver junctions using vanadium dioxide as the modulating material on a silicon-on-insulator. The modulator has an ultra-compact footprint of 1.8 μm × 1 μm with a 100 nm × 100 nm modulating section based on the hybrid orthogonal geometry.

Effects of antipsychotic drugs and potassium channel modulators on spectral properties of local field potentials in mouse hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex.

Local field potentials (LFPs) recorded intracranially display a range of location-specific oscillatory spectra which have been related to cognitive processes. Although the mechanisms producing LFPs are not completely understood, it is likely that voltage-gated ion channels which produce action potentials and patterned discharges play a significant role. It is also known that antipsychotic drugs (APDs) affect LFP spectra and a direct inhibitory effect on voltage-gated potassium channels has been reported.

Scopolamine Impairs Spatial Information Recorded With "Miniscope" Calcium Imaging in Hippocampal Place Cells.

The hippocampus and associated cholinergic inputs have important roles in spatial memory in rodents. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are involved in the communication of cholinergic signals and regulate spatial memory. They have been found to impact the memory encoding process, but the effect on memory retrieval is controversial.

Fully Solution-Processed Transparent Artificial Neural Network Using Drop-On-Demand Electrohydrodynamic Printing.

Artificial neural networks (ANN), deep learning, and neuromorphic systems are exciting new processing architectures being used to implement a wide variety of intelligent and adaptive systems. To date, these architectures have been primarily realized using traditional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes or otherwise conventional semiconductor fabrication processes. Thus, the high cost associated with the design and fabrication of these circuits has limited the broader scientific community from applying new ideas, and arguably, has slowed research progress in this exciting new area.

High-dimensional Stokes vector direct detection over few-mode fibers.

Direct detection attracts much attention for its simplicity compared with coherent detection. In this Letter, we propose for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a high-dimensional Stokes vector direct detection (HD-SVDD) receiver for mode-division multiplexing transmission in few-mode fibers where the coupled modes can be recovered without resorting to coherent detection. To the best of our knowledge, the first high-dimensional Stokes vector reception based on the proposed HD-SVDD receiver has been successfully demonstrated with a dual-spatial and dual-polarization mode at 60 Gb/s over a 200 m two-mode fiber.

A Photonic Switch Based on a Hybrid Combination of Metallic Nanoholes and Phase-change Vanadium Dioxide.

A photonic switch is an integral part of optical telecommunication systems. A plasmonic bandpass filter integrated with materials exhibiting phase transition can be used as a thermally reconfigurable optical switch. This paper presents the design and demonstration of a broadband photonic switch based on an aluminium nanohole array on quartz utilising the semiconductor-to-metal phase transition of vanadium dioxide.

Plasmonic Colour Filters Based on Coaxial Holes in Aluminium.

Aluminum is an alternative plasmonic material in the visible regions of the spectrum due to its attractive properties such as low cost, high natural abundance, ease of processing, and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and liquid crystal display (LCD) compatibility. Here, we present plasmonic colour filters based on coaxial holes in aluminium that operate in the visible range. Using both computational and experimental methods, fine-tuning of resonance peaks through precise geometric control of the coaxial holes is demonstrated.