Diagnosis and management of corneal keloid.

A 29-year-old man presented with a slowly growing mass in his left eye for the past 6 months. He had undergone a lens aspiration for traumatic cataract with an anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation several years ago. On examination, a pearly white mass was seen on the cornea.

Peripheral ulcerative keratitis with bilateral optic nerve involvement as an initial presentation of acute lymphocytic leukemia in an adult.

Background: To report a case of peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) and scleritis, along with bilateral optic nerve infiltration as an initial presentation of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in an adult.

Design: Observational case report.

Methods: A 24-year-old patient presented with complaints of pain, redness, and watering in the right eye since 15 days along with progressive decrease of vision since 3 months, leading to bilateral blindness.

Peripheral ulcerative keratitis and central retinal vein occlusion as the initial manifestation of HIV infection.

Purpose: To report a case of peripheral ulcerative keratitis and central vein occlusion as the initial manifestation of HIV infection.

Method: Case report.

Result: A 46-year-old male presented with history of pain, redness, and diminished vision of left eye.

Pediatric keratoplasty in India: indications and outcomes.

Purpose: To analyze the indications and outcomes of pediatric corneal transplantation surgery in a tertiary eye care center in the developing world.

Methods: In this longitudinal, retrospective study involving continuous cases, the records of 168 eyes of 154 children undergoing keratoplasty at a tertiary care center's specialized keratoplasty clinic during a 7-year period (1998-2004) were reviewed. The demography, etiology of opacification, visual acuity, and other findings were recorded.

Automated vitrector-assisted optical iridectomy: customized iridectomy.

An automated vitrector was used to create an optical iridectomy in 15 eyes of 15 patients with leucomatous corneal opacities. The optical iridectomy was performed successfully through a standard 1.2 mm incision in all eyes.

One donor cornea for 3 recipients: a new concept for corneal transplantation surgery.

Objective: To describe the use of a single donor corneal tissue in 3 patients with corneal pathologic conditions.

Methods: A donor corneal tissue was divided into 3 parts using a microkeratome and a trephine. The anterior lamellar disc was transplanted into a patient with macular corneal dystrophy using the automated lamellar therapeutic keratoplasty technique.

Automated lamellar therapeutic keratoplasty (ALTK) in the treatment of anterior to mid-stromal corneal pathologies.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of automated lamellar therapeutic keratoplasty (ALTK) in the treatment of anterior to mid-stromal corneal pathologies.

Methods: A prospective clinical study was undertaken in 15 eyes of 15 patients who underwent ALTK using the ALTK System (Moria/Microtek Inc., Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA).

3-day treatment with azithromycin 1.5% eye drops versus 7-day treatment with tobramycin 0.3% for purulent bacterial conjunctivitis: multicentre, randomised and controlled trial in adults and children.

Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of Azyter, azithromycin 1.5% eye drops, for 3 days with tobramycin 0.3% for 7 days to treat purulent bacterial conjunctivitis.

Presumed herpetic endotheliitis following phacoemulsification surgery.

The authors present an observational case series. Three cases of presumed herpetic endotheliitis presented as cases of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy many years after successful phacoemulsification surgery. All patients had reduction of vision in the involved eye, corneal oedema and secondary glaucoma.

Recurrent Salzmann's nodular degeneration: report of two cases and review of literature.

Recurrence of Salzmann's nodular degeneration following corneal transplantation is uncommon. The earlier reports of recurrence of Salzmann's degeneration were based on clinical evidence. We report two histopathologically proven cases of recurrence of Salzmann's nodular degeneration following keratoplasty; one recurring after lamellar keratoplasty and the other following penetrating keratoplasty.

Need for optical and low vision services for children in schools for the blind in North India.

Context: Children admitted in blind schools need low vision assessment for improving functional vision (useful residual vision).

Aim: To ascertain the need for spectacles and magnifiers as low vision devices (LVD) in children with useful residual vision, attending blind schools.

Setting And Design: Cross-sectional study conducted in 13 blind schools in Delhi, North India.

Visual outcome after intravenous dexamethasone therapy for idiopathic optic neuritis in an Indian population: a clinical case series.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical profile, response to dexamethasone treatment and visual function outcome in Indian patients with acute optic neuritis.

Materials And Methods: We conducted an observational study of patients with acute optic neuritis who were treated with intravenous dexamethasone (100 mg in 250 ml of 5% dextrose over 1-2 hours daily, for three consecutive days) and had completed at least two years of follow-up. Parameters assessed included visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color vision, visual fields, relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) and visually evoked potentials.

Pseudomonas keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis.

We report a 32-year-old woman who presented with infectious keratitis in the right eye 3 weeks after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). On microbiological investigations, the microorganism isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa that was sensitive to ciprofloxacin. To our knowledge, this is the only case report in the literature of post-LASIK infectious keratitis caused by P aeruginosa.

Severe ocular injury resulting from chuna packets.

Objective: To describe a mechanism of severe ocular alkali burns occurring as a result of bursting of chuna packets (edible calcium hydroxide paste), a popular additive to chewing tobacco in India.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Participants: Twenty-one patients (25 eyes) who experienced ocular burns as a result of bursting of chuna packets.

Limbal patch graft in surgically induced scleral necrosis.

Background: Surgically induced scleral necrosis (SINS) is a rare consequence of ocular surgery. Various graft materials have been recommended for the repair of scleral necrosis. We report use of fresh cadaveric limbal graft for the same purpose.

Indications and outcome of repeat penetrating keratoplasty in India.

Background: Repeat penetrating keratoplasty is quite often required as there is high chance of failure of the primary graft particularly in the developing world. We planned a study to analyze the indications and outcome of repeat penetrating keratoplasty in a tertiary care centre in India.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of all the patients who underwent repeat penetrating keratoplasty, between January 1999 and December 2001 was performed.

Central penetrating keratoplasty with peripheral intrastromal tuck.

Purpose: To report a new technique of central penetrating keratoplasty with peripheral intrastromal tuck in cases of chronic corneal decompensation.

Methods: Central penetrating keratoplasty with peripheral intrastromal tuck was undertaken in 8 eyes with chronic corneal decompensation. An 8-mm donor tissue with a peripheral flange of 2 mm was fashioned and sutured into a 7.

Evaluation of amniotic membrane transplantation as an adjunct to medical therapy as compared with medical therapy alone in acute ocular burns.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in acute ocular burns.

Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Participants And Controls: Patients with grade II to IV ocular burns within 3 weeks of injury were recruited.

Ocular and cardiovascular autonomic function in diabetic patients with varying severity of retinopathy.

The study was conducted to assess the ocular and cardiovascular autonomic function in diabetic patients with varying severity of diabetic retinopathy. Ocular and cardiovascular autonomic function tests were performed in 30 patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (10 in each group of proliferative retinopathy, non-proliferative retinopathy and no retinopathy) of more than 5 years duration and 10 normal controls. Ocular autonomic function tests were done by measuring pupil cycle time and denervation hypersensitivity with 0.

Posterior corneal ectasia following LASIK.

Purpose: To evaluate the cases of posterior corneal ectasia following laser in situ keratomileusis.

Material And Methods: Thirteen eyes of 7 patients, that were diagnosed to have posterior corneal ectasia (ł0.060 mm) on Orbscan topographic system following LASIK, were identified.

The osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis (OOKP).

The osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis (OOKP), although described over 40 years ago, remains the keratoprosthesis of choice for end-stage corneal blindness not amenable to penetrating keratoplasty. It is particularly resilient to a hostile environment such as the dry keratinized eye resulting from severe Stevens-Johnson syndrome, ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, trachoma, and chemical injury. Its rigid optical cylinder gives excellent image resolution and quality.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as a limbal nodule in an adult patient.

Purpose: To report a case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as a limbal nodule.

Design: Observational case report.

Method: A 26-year-old man presented with a superior limbal mass.

Factors affecting eye donation from postmortem cases in a tertiary care hospital.

Purpose: To evaluate the responses to requests for eye donation from relatives of postmortem cases in a tertiary care hospital in India.

Methods: In a prospective study, the cases brought for postmortem to the Forensic Medicine Department were screened as potential donors by our team. The next of kin of potential donors were approached and counseled in a systematic manner following a standard interview pattern.

In-vivo slit scanning confocal microscopy of normal corneas in Indian eyes.

Objective: To study the cellular populations of healthy corneas of Indian eyes using confocal microscopy and to evaluate the correlation with age, gender and laterality.

Methods: The central corneas of 100 eyes of 50 healthy subjects were examined using an in-vivo slit scanning confocal microscope (Confoscan 2). Images were analysed for cell densities of the epithelium, stroma and endothelium.

Laser in-situ keratomileusis after penetrating keratoplasty.

Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) after penetrating keratoplasty has been used more commonly for the correction of myopia or myopic astigmatism and less so for hypermetropia or hyperopic astigmatism. The primary goal after LASIK in such cases is resolution of sufficient myopia and astigmatism to allow spectacle correction of the residual refractive error and decrease anisometropia. All sutures should be removed prior to LASIK and the interval between penetrating keratoplasty and LASIK should be a minimum of 1 year.