Tailored Therapies for Hereditary Diabetes: Unraveling the Genetic Underpinnings of MODY and Neonatal Diabetes.

Introduction: Hereditary forms of diabetes, including Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) and Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (NDM), are rare monogenic disorders caused by mutations in genes involved in pancreatic development, beta-cell function, and insulin secretion. Unlike the polygenic nature of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, these forms provide a unique model for precision medicine.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to explore the molecular genetics, clinical features, diagnostic advancements, and therapeutic strategies related to MODY and NDM.

Transfer learning can predict the presence of hibernating myocardium from rest myocardial perfusion images.

Purpose: Hibernating myocardium is a viable but dysfunctional myocardium state caused by chronic ischemia, with potential for recovery postrevascularization. This study evaluates the feasibility of transfer learning for predicting hibernating myocardium from rest myocardial perfusion images.

Methods: Patients who underwent myocardial viability assessment from January 2017 to September 2022 were split into training (70%) and validation (30%) sets, while those from October 2022 to January 2023 formed the testing set.

Factors Affecting Anal Sphincter Recruitment During Intraoperative Pudendal Nerve Stimulation: An Observational Study.

Introduction And Hypothesis: The relationship between pudendal neuromodulation and patient factors is not well understood. This observational study was aimed at identifying and quantifying physiological, demographic, and stimulation factors that significantly affect external anal sphincter (EAS) recruitment and outcomes in participants receiving pudendal neuromodulation for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms and pelvic pain.

Methods: Participants (N = 16) provided demographic and diagnostic information upon entry to this observational study.

Analytical assessment of safety and efficacy of filgrastim and pegfilgrastim formulations for treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.

A recombinant preparation of human granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (rh-GCSF), filgrastim and its advanced form pegfilgrastim i.e., pegylated form have widely been employed in the management of neutropenia caused by cancer chemotherapy.

Vaginal lasers for treating stress urinary incontinence in women.

Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women is common and can have a profound impact on an individual's quality of life. Vaginal lasers, designed for treating vulvovaginal atrophy, have been explored as a clinic-based option for treating SUI. However, the effect of vaginal lasers on SUI remains unclear.

The Aging Microenvironment as a Determinant of Immune Exclusion and Metastatic Fate in Pancreatic Cancer.

Aging is a critical yet understudied determinant in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Despite a strong epidemiological association with age, conventional PDAC preclinical models fail to capture the histopathological and stromal complexities that emerge in older organisms. Using an age-relevant syngeneic orthotopic model, we demonstrate that organismal aging accelerates PDAC progression and metastasis.

Acute Hemichorea-Hemiballismus in Patients with Tuberculous Meningitis: An Atypical Manifestation of Stroke.

We report two cases of tuberculosis meningitis patients developing hemichorea-hemiballismus during antituberculosis treatment. First, a 56-year-old woman experienced right-sided hemichorea-hemiballismus 3 months into treatment. MRI scans revealed a left thalamus and subthalamic infarct.

Comparison of intravenous versus nebulized magnesium sulfate on attenuation of hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy in adult patients undergoing elective surgery: A randomized, double-blind study.

Background And Aims: Intravenous magnesium sulfate is known to reduce hemodynamic response of laryngoscopy and intubation. However, it is associated with some systemic side effects. We compared the efficacy of nebulized and intravenous magnesium sulfate pretreatment on attenuation of hemodynamic response during tracheal intubation.

Machine learning-based forest fire susceptibility mapping of Southern Mizoram, a part of Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot.

Forest fires are a significant global environmental hazard, causing widespread economic losses and ecological damage to natural habitats. Biodiversity-rich regions like Mizoram, a northeastern Indian state known for its lush forests and a part of Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot, are particularly vulnerable to these fires. Between 2012 and 2021, Mizoram incurred losses amounting to approximately $8,910,000 USD due to wildfires.

Effects of Salinity Stress on Grasspea ( L.) and Its Wild Relatives: Morpho-Physiological Insights at the Seedling Stage.

Salinity is a critical abiotic stress influencing plant growth. However, its effect on grasspea ( L.) remains insufficiently explored.

Exploring the Effects of Ketofol and Etomidate on Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygenation during Anesthesia Induction in Supratentorial Tumor Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Study.

 During anesthesia induction, fluctuations in systemic hemodynamic may also alter cerebral hemodynamic, especially in patients with intracranial tumors, as these patients might have impaired cerebral autoregulation. This study compared the effects of ketofol (a mixture of ketamine and propofol) and etomidate on cerebral blood flow, oxygenation, and systemic hemodynamics during anesthesia induction for craniotomy in patients with supratentorial tumors.  This prospective, randomized, double-blind study included 50 patients aged 18 to 65 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classes I to II, undergoing elective craniotomy.

Comparative Evaluation of analgesic efficacy of ketamine and magnesium sulfate as adjuvants to bupivacaine for scalp block in supratentorial Craniotomy: A Randomized, Double-Blind clinical study.

Background: Effective pain management during craniotomy is crucial for optimizing hemodynamics, recovery, and patient satisfaction. This study evaluated the efficacy of ketamine and magnesium sulfate as adjuvants to bupivacaine in preemptive scalp blocks, focusing on hemodynamics, postoperative pain, and analgesic consumption.

Methods: This study included 102 patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomy, randomized into three groups (n = 34 in each): Group K (ketamine), Group M (magnesium sulfate), and Group C (saline).

PF-08046032: A Novel, Investigational CD25-Directed Antibody-Drug Conjugate Optimized for Selective Depletion of Regulatory T Cells in Advanced Malignant Tumors.

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are known to suppress antitumor immune responses, and their presence in the tumor microenvironment is associated with cancer progression; therefore, Treg depletion is a promising strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy. PF-08046032 is a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) designed to target Tregs in the tumor microenvironment via CD25, the α-chain of the IL-2 receptor frequently upregulated by intratumoral Tregs. PF-08046032 is composed of an affinity-detuned anti-CD25 antibody linked to monomethyl auristatin E, a potent cytotoxic agent.

Evaluation of Early-onset Sepsis Calculator Among Clinically Well Late-preterm and Term Neonates: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Kaiser Permanente Northern California Sepsis Risk Calculator (KPNC SRC) is a widely recognized tool for assessing early-onset sepsis (EOS) risk in neonates, reducing diagnostic testing and empirical antibiotic use. This study evaluated its potential utility in a low-middle-income country setting with limited group B Streptococcus screening facilities.

Methods: This single-center prospective cohort study enrolled 1157 clinically well neonates (≥34 weeks gestation) to compare outcomes under the preexisting local unit policy and a hypothetical application of the KPNC SRC.

Three Rho of Plant (ROP)-GTPase regulatory proteins control ROP-mediated alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus.

Rho of plant (ROP)-GTPase regulatory proteins (RGRPs) have been shown to control plant morphogenesis, development, and immunity; however, their role in specialized metabolism remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that specific RGRPs control monoterpene indole alkaloid (MIA) biosynthesis by interacting with distinct ROPs in Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus). Among the 5 guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), 4 GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), and 2 GDP dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) identified in the C.

Axially decoupled photo-stimulation and two photon readout () for mapping functional connectivity of neural circuits.

All optical physiology provides a conduit for investigating the function of neural circuits in 3-D. Here, we report a new strategy for flexible, axially-decoupled photo-stimulation and two photon readout () of neuronal activity. To achieve axially-contained widefield optogenetic patterned stimulation, we couple a digital micro-mirror device illuminated by a solid-state laser with a motorized holographic diffuser.

Author Response: Balanced Electrolyte Solutions in Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Where does Sterofundin Stand?

Gupta P, Nasa P. Author Response: Balanced Electrolyte Solutions in Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Where does Sterofundin Stand? Indian J Crit Care Med 2025;29(2):196.

Insights into the Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Mechanism in Fuel Cells.

Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is not only an important fundamental process in energy systems but also a pivotal factor in enhancing electrocatalytic functions in fuel cells (FCs). This article investigates the PCET mechanism in low-temperature (300-500 °C) protonic ceramic fuel cells, focusing on its role in catalyzing the hydrogen oxidation reaction and the oxygen reduction reaction. Our findings reveal that PCET significantly enhances the electrocatalytic activity by mitigating polarization losses, reducing charge-transfer resistance by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude, and thereby accelerating the reaction kinetics compared to scenarios without PCET.

A predictive growth model of Staphylococcus aureus during temperature abuse conditions.

The primary contributing factor leading to Staphylococcus aureus food poisoning is that some foods are not cooked after handling or are not appropriately refrigerated during storage. A predictive model for S. aureus was developed and validated using growth kinetic data.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) in Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A Randomized Controlled Trial.

 Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a novel technique recently under investigation with intention to improve outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI). It increases the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood and tissues by inhaling pure oxygen in an environment pressurized to at least 1.4 times normal atmospheric pressure (ATM) at sea level.

Endoscopic Epilepsy Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Endoscopic epilepsy surgery is a fast emerging minimally invasive alternative to open surgery. The approach minimizes the extent of bone and brain resection and reduces surgical morbidity. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the favorable outcome of seizure improvement in patients undergoing endoscopic epilepsy surgery.