Isolated Flexor Tenosynovitis as the Sole Manifestation of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report.

Introduction: Chronic volar wrist swelling is a diagnostic challenge, particularly in tuberculosis-endemic regions, where both infectious and inflammatory causes must be considered. Rheumatoid tenosynovitis, an extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), can mimic infectious tenosynovitis, especially in seronegative patients.

Case Report: We report a case of a 44-year-old male presenting with progressive pain and swelling over the volar aspect of the right wrist for 2 months.

Comparative Efficacy of Periarticular Fentanyl versus Ketorolac for Postoperative Pain in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Local infiltration analgesia (LIA) has been reported as a viable option to tackle postoperative pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ketorolac and opioids such as fentanyl have shown promising results in the past. At the same time, there are other studies which has refuted any benefit of LIA in postoperative pain management.

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase6 is involved in growth and resistance against pathogens via ethylene and lignin production in Arabidopsis.

Photorespiratory serine hydroxymethyltransferases (SHMTs) are important enzymes of cellular one-carbon metabolism. In this study, we investigated the potential role of SHMT6 in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that SHMT6 is localized in the nucleus and expressed in different tissues during development.

The emerging roles of nitric oxide and its associated scavengers-phytoglobins-in plant symbiotic interactions.

A key feature in the establishment of symbiosis between plants and microbes is the maintenance of the balance between the production of the small redox-related molecule, nitric oxide (NO), and its cognate scavenging pathways. During the establishment of symbiosis, a transition from a normoxic to a microoxic environment often takes place, triggering the production of NO from nitrite via a reductive production pathway. Plant hemoglobins [phytoglobins (Phytogbs)] are a central tenant of NO scavenging, with NO homeostasis maintained via the Phytogb-NO cycle.

Rehashing Our Insight of Seaweeds as a Potential Source of Foods, Nutraceuticals, and Pharmaceuticals.

In a few Southeast Asian nations, seaweeds have been a staple of the cuisine since prehistoric times. Seaweeds are currently becoming more and more popular around the world due to their superior nutritional value and medicinal properties. This is because of rising seaweed production on a global scale and substantial research on their composition and bioactivities over the past 20 years.

Phytoglobin-NO cycle and AOX pathway play a role in anaerobic germination and growth of deepwater rice.

An important and interesting feature of rice is that it can germinate under anoxic conditions. Though several biochemical adaptive mechanisms play an important role in the anaerobic germination of rice but the role of phytoglobin-nitric oxide cycle and alternative oxidase pathway is not known, therefore in this study we investigated the role of these pathways in anaerobic germination. Under anoxic conditions, deepwater rice germinated much higher and rapidly than aerobic condition and the anaerobic germination and growth were much higher in the presence of nitrite.

The PHYTOGLOBIN-NO Cycle Regulates Plant Mycorrhizal Symbiosis.

The production of the redox-active signaling molecule, NO, has long been associated with interactions between microbes and their host plants. Emerging evidence now suggests that specific NO signatures and cognate patterns of PHYTOGLOBIN1 (PHYTOGB1) expression, a key regulator of cellular NO homeostasis, may help determine either symbiosis or pathogenicity.

Using Foldscope to Monitor Superoxide Production and Cell Death During Pathogen Infection in Arabidopsis Under Different Nitrogen Regimes.

Nitrogen nutrition plays a role in plant growth development and resistance against biotic and abiotic stress. During pathogen infection various signal molecules such as reactive oxygen species, calcium, reactive nitrogen species, salicylic acid, and ethylene plays an important role. The form of nitrogen nutrition such as nitrate or ammonium plays a role in production of these molecules.

Using Different Forms of Nitrogen to Study Hypersensitive Response Elicited by Avirulent Pseudomonas syringae.

Nitrate, ammonium, or a combination of both is the form of N available for nitrogen assimilation from soil by the plants. Nitrogen is an important and integral part of amino acids, nucleotides, and defense molecules. Hence it is very important to study the role of nitrate and ammonium nutrition in plant defense via hypersensitive response (HR).

Methods for Measuring Nitrate Reductase, Nitrite Levels, and Nitric Oxide from Plant Tissues.

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrients which exist in both inorganic and organic forms. Plants assimilate inorganic form of N [nitrate (NO), nitrite (NO) or ammonium (NH)] and incorporate into amino acids. The metabolism of N involves a series of events such as sensing, uptake, and assimilation.

Alternative oxidase is an important player in the regulation of nitric oxide levels under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in plants.

Plant mitochondria possess two different pathways for electron transport from ubiquinol: the cytochrome pathway and the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway. The AOX pathway plays an important role in stress tolerance and is induced by various metabolites and signals. Previously, several lines of evidence indicated that the AOX pathway prevents overproduction of superoxide and other reactive oxygen species.

Pathways of nitric oxide metabolism and operation of phytoglobins in legume nodules: missing links and future directions.

The interaction between legumes and rhizobia leads to the establishment of a beneficial symbiotic relationship. Recent advances in legume–rhizobium symbiosis revealed that various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species including nitric oxide (NO) play important roles during this process. Nodule development occurs with a transition from a normoxic environment during the establishment of symbiosis to a microoxic environment in functional nodules.

Using an Oxygen Microsensor to Measure Oxygen Dynamics in Tomato Plants in Response to Pseudomonas syringae Infection.

Pathogen infection leads to induction of defense responses which includes modulation of gene expression and changes in metabolism plants. Despite of extensive research little is information known about the role of respiration and photosynthesis during pathogen infection in plants. Limited methods are available to measure oxygen dynamics in response to pathogen infection.