Rehashing Our Insight of Seaweeds as a Potential Source of Foods, Nutraceuticals, and Pharmaceuticals.

In a few Southeast Asian nations, seaweeds have been a staple of the cuisine since prehistoric times. Seaweeds are currently becoming more and more popular around the world due to their superior nutritional value and medicinal properties. This is because of rising seaweed production on a global scale and substantial research on their composition and bioactivities over the past 20 years.

Characterization of plant growth-promoting, antifungal, and enzymatic properties of beneficial bacterial strains associated with pulses rhizosphere from Bundelkhand region of India.

The present study was conducted to characterize the native plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) from the pulse rhizosphere of the Bundelkhand region of India. Twenty-four bacterial isolates belonging to nineteen species (B. amyloliquefaciens, B.

Isolation and Measurement of Respiration and Structural Studies of Purified Mitochondria from Heterotrophic Plant Tissues.

Mitochondria are the power houses of eukaryotic cells. These organelles contain various oxidoreductase complexes. Electron transfer from different reducing equivalents channeled via these complexes drives proton translocation across the inner mitochondrial membrane, leading to ATP generation.

Plants Metabolome Study: Emerging Tools and Techniques.

Metabolomics is now considered a wide-ranging, sensitive and practical approach to acquire useful information on the composition of a metabolite pool present in any organism, including plants. Investigating metabolomic regulation in plants is essential to understand their adaptation, acclimation and defense responses to environmental stresses through the production of numerous metabolites. Moreover, metabolomics can be easily applied for the phenotyping of plants; and thus, it has great potential to be used in genome editing programs to develop superior next-generation crops.

Nitric oxide accelerates germination via the regulation of respiration in chickpea.

Seed germination is crucial for the plant life cycle. We investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in two chickpea varieties that differ in germination capacity: Kabuli, which has a low rate of germination and germinates slowly, and Desi, which shows improved germination properties. Desi produced more NO than Kabuli and had lower respiratory rates.

Current approaches to measure nitric oxide in plants.

Nitric oxide (NO) is now established as an important signalling molecule in plants where it influences growth, development, and responses to stress. Despite extensive research, the most appropriate methods to measure and localize these signalling radicals are debated and still need investigation. Many confounding factors such as the presence of other reactive intermediates, scavenging enzymes, and compartmentation influence how accurately each can be measured.

Senescent Hepatocytes in Decompensated Liver Show Reduced UPR and Its Key Player, CLPP, Attenuates Senescence In Vitro.

Background And Aims: Non-dividing hepatocytes in end-stage liver disease indicates permanent growth arrest similar to senescence. Identifying senescence in vivo is often challenging and mechanisms inhibiting senescence are poorly understood. In lower organisms mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR) helps in increasing longevity; however, its role in senescence and liver disease is poorly understood.

Variations in macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene are not associated with visceral leishmaniasis in India.

Background: The host genetic factors play important role in determining the outcome of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important host cytokine, which is a key regulator of innate immune system. Genetic variants in MIF gene have been found to be associated with several inflammatory and infectious diseases.

Nitrate nutrition influences multiple factors in order to increase energy efficiency under hypoxia in Arabidopsis.

Background And Aims: Nitrogen (N) levels vary between ecosystems, while the form of available N has a substantial impact on growth, development and perception of stress. Plants have the capacity to assimilate N in the form of either nitrate (NO3-) or ammonium (NH4+). Recent studies revealed that NO3- nutrition increases nitric oxide (NO) levels under hypoxia.

Isolation of Physiologically Active and Intact Mitochondria from Chickpea.

Chickpea is an important leguminous crop that belongs to Fabaceae family, highly valued for its nutritious seeds. Seeds contain reserve food for the developing embryos. Mitochondria are crucial organelle for generation of chemical energy in the form of ATP which is required for achieving metabolically active state; therefore, investigating mitochondrial function and respiration rate is crucial for exploring various metabolic and physio-biochemical changes that occur during seed germination.

Measurement of Respiration and Internal Oxygen in Germinating Cicer arietinum L. Seeds Using Optic Microsensor.

Internal oxygen concentrations vary in different tissues depending on tissue size, developmental stage, and their location. Respiratory rate of tissue also determines internal oxygen levels. For studying various signaling pathways it is essential to establish a correlation between respiration and internal oxygen.

In planta Transformed Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Plants, Overexpressing the SbNHX1 Gene Showed Enhanced Salt Endurance.

Cumin is an annual, herbaceous, medicinal, aromatic, spice glycophyte that contains diverse applications as a food and flavoring additive, and therapeutic agents. An efficient, less time consuming, Agrobacterium-mediated, a tissue culture-independent in planta genetic transformation method was established for the first time using cumin seeds. The SbNHX1 gene, cloned from an extreme halophyte Salicornia brachiata was transformed in cumin using optimized in planta transformation method.

Physio-Biochemical Composition and Untargeted Metabolomics of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Make It Promising Functional Food and Help in Mitigating Salinity Stress.

Cumin is an annual, aromatic, herbaceous, medicinal, spice plant, most widely used as a food additive and flavoring agent in different cuisines. The study is intended to comprehensively analyse physiological parameters, biochemical composition and metabolites under salinity stress. Seed germination index, rate of seed emergence, rate of seed germination, mean germination time, plant biomass, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased concomitantly with salinity.

An efficient method for Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation and plant regeneration in cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.).

Cumin is an annual herbaceous medicinally important plant having diverse applications. An efficient and reproducible method of Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation was herein established for the first time. A direct regeneration method without callus induction was optimised using embryos as explant material in Gamborg's B5 medium supplemented with 0.