Advances and prospects of ergothioneine in the treatment of cognitive frailty.

Background: To review the biological functions of ergothioneine (ERGO), its correlation with plasma levels in cognitive frailty, and research progress in treating frailty and cognitive impairment, with the aim of providing a reference for ERGO application in cognitive frailty treatment.

Methods: A comprehensive review of existing literature on ERGO's chemical structure, sources, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and its role in cognitive frailty was conducted. Clinical trial data and metabolomic studies were also analyzed to understand ERGO's therapeutic potential.

Styryl lactone derivatives and aristolactam alkaloids from Miq. and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Two new styryl lactone derivatives, goniothapic acids A () and B (), and 18 known compounds, were isolated from the twig and leaf extracts of Miq. The structures of new compounds were characterised by spectroscopic methods and HRESITOFMS. Their absolute configuration was established by comparing the experimental and calculated ECD spectra.

Alkaloids and Styryl lactones from King and Their -Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity.

Gonioridleylactam (), a new compound, is a unique dimeric aristolactam isolated from the EtOAc extract of the twigs of King. The structure of gonioridleylactam () consists of two different aristolactams linked together with two methylenedioxy bridges at C-3/C-3' and C-4/C-4', generating a ten-membered ring of [1,3,6,8]tetraoxecine. A new natural product, gonioridleyindole (3-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-1-benz[]indole-4,9-dione, ), together with eight known compounds () were also isolated from this plant.

Dimeric aporphine alkaloids from the twigs of Trivalvaria costata (Hook.f. & Thomson) I.M.Turner.

A phytochemical investigation of the twig extract of Trivalvaria costata (Hook.f. & Thomson) I.

Rotenoids and isoflavones from the leaf and pod extracts of Millettia brandisiana Kurz.

Phytochemical investigations of the leaf and pod extracts of Millettia brandisiana Kurz led to the isolation and identification of four previously undescribed rotenoids, (-)-(6aS,12aS)-millettiabrandisins A-C and (-)-(6aS,12aS)-6-deoxyclitoriacetal, two previously undescribed isoflavones, millettiabrandisins D and E, and 20 known compounds. The structures of previously undescribed compounds were determined on the basis of NMR and MS data. The absolute configurations of (-)-(6aS,12aS)-millettiabrandisins A-C were determined from the comparison of their experimental and calculated ECD spectra.

Xanthones from the latex and twig extracts of Planch. ex T. Anderson (Clusiaceae) and their antidiabetic and cytotoxic activities.

A new geranylated xanthone, nigrolineaxanthone AA () together with 18 known compounds (-) were isolated from latex and twig extracts of Planch. ex T. Anderson.

Cytotoxic and α-glucosidase inhibitory metabolites from twigs and leaves of Phyllanthus mirabilis, a species endemic to limestone mountains.

The first investigation of Phyllanthus mirabilis Müll.Arg. led to the isolation of six undescribed compounds including two tyramine derivatives: phyllatyramines A and B; three butenolide analogues, phyllantenolide, phyllantenocoside-O-gallate and epi-phyllantenocoside-O-gallate; and a flavanonol gallate, (-)-taxifolin-3-O-gallate; as well as two first isolated natural products, phyllatyramine C and phyllantenocoside; together with twenty-three known compounds.

Antidiabetic and antimicrobial flavonoids from the twigs and roots of (Hassk.) Merr.

The phytochemical investigation of the twig and root extracts of (Hassk.) Merr. (Fabaceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of a new pterocarpan, erythrinocarpan (), along with 27 known compounds (-).

Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of antidiabetic compounds from leaf extract.

Roxb. ex Choisy (Clusiaceae) is a Thai local edible plant, which has been used for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of this study is to discover and identify bioactive compounds related to antidiabetic properties from the leaf extract of .

Phloroglucinol Benzophenones and Xanthones from the Leaves of and Their Nitric Oxide Production and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities.

Five new compounds-two phloroglucinol benzophenones, garciniacowones F () and G (), and three xanthones, garciniacowones H (), I (), and J ()-together with seven known xanthones (-) were isolated from the fresh leaves of . Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of NMR and MS data. Compounds and are phloroglucinol benzophenones containing a polyprenylated bicyclo[3.

Dasymaschalolactams A-E, Aristolactams from a Twig Extract of .

Five new aristolactam alkaloids (-), dasymaschalolactams A-E, and the first isolation of dasymaschalolactone () as a natural product, together with 19 known compounds (- and -) were isolated from the twig extract of . Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods as well as comparisons made from the literature. Compounds and showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC values of 4.

Inhibition of nitric oxide production by clerodane diterpenoids from leaves and stems of Esser.

Chromatographic separation of crude extracts from the leaves and stems of Esser led to the isolation of two new clerodane diterpenes crotonolide K () and furocrotinsulolide A acetate () and six known clerodane diterpenes (), together with twelve known compounds (-). Their structures were established from spectroscopic analysis. The clerodane diterpenoids - were evaluated for inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-activated RAW 264.

Uvarialuridols A-C, three new polyoxygenated cyclohexenes from the twig and leaf extracts of Uvaria lurida.

The first phytochemical investigation of Uvaria lurida resulted in the isolation and identification of three new polyoxygenated cyclohexenes, (+)-(1R,2S,3R,6S)-uvarialuridols A-C (1-3), together with 10 known compounds (4-13). All new structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and HRESIMS. The absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 5 were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu Kα radiation.