Phloroglucinol Benzophenones and Xanthones from the Leaves of and Their Nitric Oxide Production and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities.

Five new compounds-two phloroglucinol benzophenones, garciniacowones F () and G (), and three xanthones, garciniacowones H (), I (), and J ()-together with seven known xanthones (-) were isolated from the fresh leaves of . Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of NMR and MS data. Compounds and are phloroglucinol benzophenones containing a polyprenylated bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ring system, while compounds - are rare xanthones having farnesyl ( and ) and geranylgeranyl () units at C-8. Compounds , , , , , and exhibited inhibitory effects on NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells with IC values ranging from 5.4 to 18.6 μM. Compounds and had α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC values of 15.4 and 11.4 μM, respectively, which were more potent than that of the acarbose control.