Pyridoxine supplementation for levetiracetam-related neuropsychiatric adverse events in pediatric and adolescent epilepsy: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Levetiracetam commonly causes neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) in pediatric patients, including irritability and aggression. This study evaluated pyridoxine supplementation for reducing levetiracetam-related NPAEs in children and adolescents with epilepsy.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial at Phramongkutklao Hospital, Thailand (January-June 2024).

Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 3 With Two Novel Gene Mutations: A Case Report.

Pontocerebellar hypoplasia Type III (PCH3) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder linked to mutations in the gene, previously reported only in Omani populations. It presents with progressive microcephaly, intractable epilepsy, optic atrophy, and severe developmental delay. Here, we report the first documented case of PCH3 in an 8-year-old Thai girl with two novel truncation mutations.

National Multicenter Cohort Study: Adjunctive Cannabidiol-Enriched Cannabis Oil for Pediatric Drug-Resistant Epilepsy Treatment in Thailand.

Background: Several studies have reported the effectiveness and tolerability of cannabidiol (CBD)-enriched oil adjunctive treatment in children with drug-resistant epilepsy. This is the first multicenter cohort study of medical-grade CBD-enriched drugs in pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy in Thailand.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted across 19 Thai government hospitals between 2021 and 2023.

Efficacy of delivery of care with Tele-continuous EEG in critically ill patients: a multicenter randomized controlled trial (Tele-cRCT study) study.

Background: Continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) has been recommended in critically ill patients although its efficacy for improving patients' functional status remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of Tele-cEEG with Tele-routine EEG (Tele-rEEG), in terms of seizure detection rate, mortality and functional outcomes.

Methods: This study is a 3-year randomized, controlled, parallel, multicenter trial, conducted in eight regional hospitals across Thailand.

The development of Stereo-Electroencephalography (SEEG) in Southeast Asia and Oceania: Challenges to equity across the region.

Background: Invasive/ intracranial EEG forms an important component of assessment for epilepsy surgery in many patients with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy (DRE). Intracranial EEG has been poorly utilized though Southeast Asia (SEA) and Oceania. This study aimed to document the development of stereo-EEG (SEEG) across the region and highlight regional barriers to utilization and access.

Recurrent Rhabdomyolysis in a Medical Cadet during Military Training as a Rare Initial Presentation in Calpainopathy.

Rhabdomyolysis, an emergency medical condition linked to muscle necrosis and intracellular substances released into the bloodstream, significantly endangers military personnel in heat-stress conditions. Rhabdomyolysis can also be an initial presentation in inherited muscle disorders. This study reports a novel case of calpainopathy (LGMDR1) diagnosed in a 19-year-old male military cadet who initially presented with recurrent rhabdomyolysis during training, a rare presentation in LGMD patients.

Spinal muscular atrophy in an upper-middle-income nation before the advent of reimbursed disease-modifying therapies.

Objective: To elucidate the clinical characteristics and standard of care (SoC) of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients in Thailand, focusing on primary endpoints: age at death and a composite of death or tracheostomy need.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Setting: Seven tertiary centres across Thailand.

Feasibility of mobile phone application "Epilepsy care" for self-management of children and adolescents with epilepsy in Phramongkutklao hospital: A randomized controlled trial.

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder in children. Mobile applications have shown potential in improving self-management for patients with chronic illnesses. To address language barriers, we developed the first Thai version of the "Epilepsy care" mobile application for children and adolescents with epilepsy in Thailand.

Mitochondrial genome diversity of revealed by a fatal case of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis.

Introduction: () is a free-living amoeba that can cause rare yet fatal granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). However, efficacious treatment for GAE is currently unavailable, especially when genomic studies on are limited.

Methods: In this study, strain KM-20 was isolated from the brain tissue of a GAE patient, and its mitochondrial genome was assembled using high-coverage Nanopore long reads and Illumina short reads.

Clinical Outcomes and Diagnostic Consistency of Serum and CSF Tumor Markers in Pediatric Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors in Thailand: A Multicenter Study.

The diagnostic and treatment outcomes of intracranial germ cell tumors (ICGCTs) among low and middle income countries are limited. A total of 63 ICGCTs patients with a median age of 11.6 years were studied.

Standard and high dose ergocalciferol regimens for treatment of hypovitaminosis D in epileptic children and adolescents.

Objectives: Children with epilepsy are at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency. We aimed to compare the effect of two ergocalciferol regimens given for 90 days.

Methods: Epileptic patients aged 5-18 years who received at least one antiepileptic drug (AED) for more than 6 months and had serum 25-OHD <30 ng/mL were randomized to receive 20,000 IU/10 d (standard dose, n=41) or 60,000 IU/10 d (high dose, n=41) of oral ergocalciferol.

Survey of local cannabidiol use in parents of children with epilepsy in Thailand: the prevalence, perceptions, and knowledge.

Background: In 2019, Thailand legalized cannabidiol (CBD) for intractable epilepsy. The purpose of this study was to collect information regarding the experience and knowledge of CBD use in pediatric epilepsy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first CBD survey in pediatric epilepsy in Southeast Asia.

Determinants of seizure outcome after resective surgery following stereoelectroencephalography.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate seizure outcomes after resective epilepsy surgery following stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), including group characteristics, comparing surgical and nonsurgical groups and assess predictors of time to seizure recurrence.

Methods: Clinical and EEG data of 536 consecutive patients who underwent SEEG at Cleveland Clinic Epilepsy Center between 2009 and 2017 were reviewed. The primary outcome was defined as complete seizure freedom since the resective surgery, discounting any auras or seizures that occurred within the 1st postoperative week.

Hypovitaminosis D and risk factors in pediatric epilepsy children.

Background: Anti-seizure medication (ASM) treatment is one of the significant risk factors associated with abnormal vitamin D status in epilepsy patients. Multiple studies have shown that adult epilepsy patients can exhibit vitamin D deficiency. However, there are few reports investigating pediatric epilepsy patients.

Efficacy of oral perampanel in status epilepticus and acute repetitive seizures in children at a tertiary care hospital in Thailand.

Status epilepticus (SE) and acute repetitive seizure (ARS) are emergency conditions associated with significant morbidity and mortality in children. Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) need to terminate seizures to prevent brain damage and death. Common challenges that delay the management of SE and ARS in children at Phramongkutklao hospital are difficulty in accessing intravenous route for drug administration and inadequate number of intensive care units (which will be required in case of the use of adverse events to anesthetic ASMs).

From international guidelines to real-world practice consensus on investigations and management of status epilepticus in adults: A modified Delphi approach.

Objective: To establish a consensus which is practical and ready-to-use on investigations (ISE) and for management of status epilepticus (MSE) in adults using a modified Delphi approach.

Patients And Methods: A 4-round modified Delphi approach was used. First and second rounds were conducted using Google® survey with structured statements and 6-point Likert scale response.

A First Case Report of Subependymoma in Mutation-Associated Noonan Syndrome.

Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder in some cases caused by mutations. Since somatic mutations in are seen in several tumor types, NS which causes germline mutations are also increase the risk of hematologic malignancies and brain solid tumors. However, the report of brain tumors in Noonan syndrome remains rather rare.

X-Linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease: Initial Presentation with Intracranial Hemorrhage from Vitamin K Deficiency in Infant.

Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) is a life-threatening condition and can be found in children as early as neonatal period with early onset intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Here, we reported a 1-year-old boy who initially presented with intracranial hemorrhage secondary to vitamin K deficiency since 3 months of age and later found to have XL-CGD which was complicated by malabsorption due to severe vaccine-associated mycobacterial disease.

Effectiveness and Adverse Effect of Intravenous Lacosamide in Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus and Acute Repetitive Seizures in Children.

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) and acute repetitive seizures (ARS) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Due to the lack of randomized-controlled trials of intravenous antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in these conditions, trials of a new generation of AEDs in this aspect are needed. A prospective interventional study was conducted in children under 18 years of age with NCSE or ARS who either had contraindication to or were refractory to first-line AEDs and received intravenous lacosamide.