[Analysis of the Influence of Temperature on the Retrieval of Ozone Vertical Profiles Using the Thermal Infrared CrIS Sounder].

Ozone is a particularly critical trace gas in the Earth's atmosphere, since this molecule plays a key role in the photochemical reactions and climate change. The TIR measurements can capture the variability of ozone and are weakly sensitive to the lowermost tropospheric ozone content but can provide accurate measurements of tropospheric ozone and higher vertical resolution ozone profiles, with the additional advantage that measurements are also possible during the night. Because of the influence of atmospheric temperature, the ozone profile retrieval accuracy is severely limited.

Plastid Phylogenomic Analyses Resolve Tofieldiaceae as the Root of the Early Diverging Monocot Order Alismatales.

The predominantly aquatic order Alismatales, which includes approximately 4,500 species within Araceae, Tofieldiaceae, and the core alismatid families, is a key group in investigating the origin and early diversification of monocots. Despite their importance, phylogenetic ambiguity regarding the root of the Alismatales tree precludes answering questions about the early evolution of the order. Here, we sequenced the first complete plastid genomes from three key families in this order:Potamogeton perfoliatus(Potamogetonaceae),Sagittaria lichuanensis(Alismataceae), andTofieldia thibetica(Tofieldiaceae).

1.89 kW all-fiberized and polarization-maintained amplifiers with narrow linewidth and near-diffraction-limited beam quality.

In this manuscript, we demonstrate high power, all-fiberized and polarization-maintained amplifiers with narrow linewidth and near-diffraction-limited beam quality by simultaneously suppressing detrimental stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and mode instability (MI) effects. Compared with strictly single frequency amplification, the SBS threshold is scaled up to 12 dB, 15.4 dB, and higher than 18 dB by subsequently using three-stage cascaded phase modulation systems.

BET Bromodomain Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy in Ovarian Cancer by Downregulating FoxM1.

Ovarian cancer is responsible for the highest mortality among all gynecologic malignancies, and novel therapies are urgently needed to improve patient outcome. Here we performed an integrative genomic analysis and identified the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) protein BRD4 as a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. Suppression of BRD4 using small-molecule BET inhibitors JQ1 and I-BET151, or dual kinase-bromodomain inhibitor volasertib, led to robust and broad antitumor effects across all subclasses of ovarian cancer.

High power broadband all fiber super-fluorescent source with linear polarization and near diffraction-limited beam quality.

In this manuscript, a high power broadband superfluorescent source (SFS) with linear polarization and near-diffraction-limited beam quality is achieved based on an ytterbium-doped (Yb-doped), all fiberized and polarization-maintained master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) configuration. The MOPA structure generates a linearly polarized output power of 1427 W with a slope efficiency of 80% and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 11 nm, which is power scaled by an order of magnitude compared with the previously reported SFSs with linear polarization. In the experiment, both the polarization extinction ratio (PER) and beam quality (M(2) factor) are degraded little during the power scaling process.

Forced Activation of Notch in Macrophages Represses Tumor Growth by Upregulating miR-125a and Disabling Tumor-Associated Macrophages.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) contribute greatly to hallmarks of cancer. Notch blockade was shown to arrest TAM differentiation, but the precise role and underlying mechanisms require elucidation. In this study, we employed a transgenic mouse model in which the Notch1 intracellular domain (NIC) is activated conditionally to define the effects of active Notch1 signaling in macrophages.

Multi-locus plastid phylogenetic biogeography supports the Asian hypothesis of the temperate woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae).

In this paper we investigate the biogeography of the temperate woody bamboos (Arundinarieae) using a densely-sampled phylogenetic tree of Bambusoideae based on six plastid DNA loci, which corroborates the previously discovered 12 lineages (I-XII) and places Kuruna as sister to the Chimonocalamus clade. Biogeographic analyses revealed that the Arundinarieae diversified from an estimated 12 to 14Mya, and this was followed by rapid radiation within the lineages, particularly lineages IV, V and VI, starting from c. 7-8Mya.

[Simulation of Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide Profiles Retrieval from AIRS Observations].

Nitrous Oxide is a very important greenhouse gases and ozone-depleting substances. Due to the limited observations, there are still many uncertainties to quantitatively describe the role of nitrous oxide played in both cases. We can retrieve the methane and carbon dioxide gas using thermal infrared satellite data AIRS, but it is rarely for the nitrous oxide retrieval.

Concomitant BET and MAPK blockade for effective treatment of ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, and it is imperative to develop new treatments to ameliorate patient survival. Using an anti-cancer drug library containing 180 small molecule inhibitors, we performed a high-content image-based screen and found that BET and MEK inhibitors are among the candidates which were able to effectively inhibit ovarian cancer cell growth. However, BET inhibition alone was largely cytostatic, possibly due to feedback activation of the MAPK pathway.

Complete Plastid Genome Sequencing of Four Tilia Species (Malvaceae): A Comparative Analysis and Phylogenetic Implications.

Tilia is an ecologically and economically important genus in the family Malvaceae. However, there is no complete plastid genome of Tilia sequenced to date, and the taxonomy of Tilia is difficult owing to frequent hybridization and polyploidization. A well-supported interspecific relationships of this genus is not available due to limited informative sites from the commonly used molecular markers.

Kilowatt-level fiber amplifier with spectral-broadening-free property, seeded by a random fiber laser.

In this Letter, we demonstrate a kilowatt (kW) level high-power fiber laser amplifier with a clear sign of spectral-broadening-free property. The high-power fiber lasing is realized by employing a master oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) configuration, seeded by a temporally stable random fiber laser (RFL) that utilizes Raman amplification and random distributed feedback from a long passive fiber. The output power reaches 1.

High-power near-infrared linearly-polarized supercontinuum generation in a polarization-maintaining Yb-doped fiber amplifier.

We report an all-fiber linearly-polarized (LP) supercontinuum (SC) source with high average power generated in a polarization-maintaining (PM) master-oscillation power-amplifier (MOPA). The experimental configuration comprises an LP picosecond pulsed laser and three PM Yd-doped fiber amplifiers (YDFA). The output has the average power of 124.

Stroma-associated master regulators of molecular subtypes predict patient prognosis in ovarian cancer.

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGS-OvCa) has the lowest survival rate among all gynecologic cancers and is hallmarked by a high degree of heterogeneity. The Cancer Genome Atlas network has described a gene expression-based molecular classification of HGS-OvCa into Differentiated, Mesenchymal, Immunoreactive and Proliferative subtypes. However, the biological underpinnings and regulatory mechanisms underlying the distinct molecular subtypes are largely unknown.

Kilowatt-level near-diffraction-limited and linear-polarized Ytterbium-Raman hybrid nonlinear amplifier based on polarization selection loss mechanism.

Ytterbium-Raman cascaded oscillators with linearly polarized output are designed and achieved based on polarization selection loss (PSL) mechanism for the first time. The 1120 nm laser cavity is designed with fully non polarization-maintained (NPM) fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and NPM active fiber while the 1080 nm laser cavity is designed based on polarization-maintained (PM) FBGs and PM active fiber. By using PSL mechanism in 1080 nm cavity, even with fully NPM 1120 nm cavity, both linear-polarized 1120 nm and 1080 nm lasers are achieved in the output port of the cascaded oscillators.

293 W, GHz narrow-linewidth, polarization maintaining nanosecond fiber amplifier with SBS suppression employing simultaneous phase and intensity modulation.

We present a new method of SBS suppression in fiber amplifier system by employing simultaneously phase and intensity modulation. In this way, a GHz narrow-linewidth polarization-maintaining (PM) all-fiber pulsed laser is obtained based on a master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) configuration. The pulsed seed is generated from a single-frequency continuous wave (CW) laser at 1064 nm by simultaneous modulation using an electro-optic intensity modulator (EOIM) and an electro-optic phase modulator (EOPM).

560 W all fiber and polarization-maintaining amplifier with narrow linewidth and near-diffraction-limited beam quality.

We present a narrow linewidth, all-fiber polarization-maintained amplifier chain seeded by a phase-modulated single-frequency laser, which is a narrow linewidth. Different from previous phase-modulation techniques, the phase-modulation signal is generated by simply imposing an excited signal to an acoustic-optical driven source. Theoretical simulation results show that this method can suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) to a better degree, and the output power can be boosted to about 1.

Evidence for horizontal transfer of mitochondrial DNA to the plastid genome in a bamboo genus.

In flowering plants, three genomes (nuclear, mitochondrial, and plastid) coexist and intracellular horizontal transfer of DNA is prevalent, especially from the plastid to the mitochondrion genome. However, the plastid genomes are generally conserved in evolution and have long been considered immune to foreign DNA. Recently, the opposite direction of DNA transfer from the mitochondrial to the plastid genome has been reported in two eudicot lineages.

Lin28B promotes melanoma growth by mediating a microRNA regulatory circuit.

It has been increasingly recognized that microRNAs (miRNAs) are often dysregulated in various human malignancies and can function as oncogenes or tumor-suppressors. However, the potential roles of miRNAs and components of the miRNA biogenesis pathway remain poorly defined in melanoma. Here, we systematically profiled miRNA expression in human melanocytes and melanoma cells, and identified a prominent function of miR-125a-5p in suppressing melanoma growth.

Experimental investigation of thermal effects and PCT on FBGs-based linearly polarized fiber laser performance.

We experimentally study the impacts of thermal effects and polarization crosstalk (PCT) on the performance of FBGs-based linearly polarized all-fiber laser. The mechanism that the thermal effects and PCT influence the performance of the laser is analyzed. Thermally-dependent reflection peaks of polarization maintaining (PM) fiber Bragg gratings are revealed to be the prime reason why temperature influences spectrum, output power, and polarization property of the laser.

1.5 kW ytterbium-doped single-transverse-mode, linearly polarized monolithic fiber master oscillator power amplifier.

A linearly polarized monolithic fiber laser based on a master oscillator power amplifier structure with a master oscillator and a one-stage power amplifier is reported. We design a homemade oscillator based on the theory that, in the coiled gain fiber, the higher modes and the polarized mode of the fundamental mode along the fast axis are suppressed effectively because of their obviously higher bend loss than that of the polarized mode of the fundamental mode along the slow axis. The oscillator operates at 1080 nm, launching a 30 W seed laser with a high polarization extinction ratio of 19 dB into the power amplifier via a mode field adapter.

Arsenic Trioxide Induces T Cell Apoptosis and Prolongs Islet Allograft Survival in Mice.

Background: T cell-mediated immune rejection is a key barrier to islet transplantation. Preliminary studies have shown that arsenic trioxide (As2O3) can inhibit T cell responses and prolong heart allograft survival. Here, we sought to investigate the possibility of using As2O3 to prolong islet allograft survival in an acute rejection model of Balb/c to C57B/6 mice.

Right hemicolectomy and multivisceral resection of right colon cancer: A report of 21 cases.

The long- and short-term outcomes in 21 patients with right colon cancer after right hemicolectomy and multivisceral resection surgery were investigated. Short-term therapeutic effects and long-term survival rate were retrospectively analyzed in patients with right colon cancer. These individuals underwent right hemicolectomy in combination with multivisceral resections including pancreatic head, duodenum, kidney, liver, gallbladder, and abdominal wall at the Department of General Surgery in the Henan Tumor Hospital between January 2003 and August 2014.

iPSC-MSCs Combined with Low-Dose Rapamycin Induced Islet Allograft Tolerance Through Suppressing Th1 and Enhancing Regulatory T-Cell Differentiation.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation is dramatically reduced after long-term in vitro culture, which limits their application. MSCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs-MSCs) represent a novel source of MSCs. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of iPSC-MSCs on diabetic mice.

Novel adaptive fiber-optics collimator for coherent beam combination.

In this manuscript, we experimentally validate a novel design of adaptive fiber-optics collimator (AFOC), which utilizes two levers to enlarge the movable range of the fiber end cap. The enlargement of the range makes the new AFOC possible to compensate the end-cap/tilt aberration in fiber laser beam combining system. The new AFOC based on flexible hinges and levers was fabricated and the performance of the new AFOC was tested carefully, including its control range, frequency response and control accuracy.

Investigation of the influence of mode-mismatch errors on active coherent polarization beam combining system.

In this manuscript, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the influence of mode mismatch errors on active coherent polarization beam combining (CPBC) system. Firstly, by incorporating a piezo-mounted mirror (PMM) to generate artificial tilt phase aberrations, we design an experimental system to theoretically and experimentally investigate the influence of mode-mismatch errors induced by tilt phase aberrations on the combining efficiency of CPBC system. Further, by employing a spatial light modulator (SLM) to impose higher-order phase aberrations, the impact of mode-mismatch errors induced by higher-order phase aberrations on the CPBC system is also studied specifically.