A randomised trial to assess the efficacy of add on therapy with aspirin or clopidogrel to the standard medical therapy alone in patients with tubercular meningitis: ACT TBM.

Background: Benefit of antiplatelet therapy for stroke prevention or treatment among patients of Tubercular meningitis (TBM) is uncertain. We hypothesised that add-on therapy with aspirin or clopidogrel to standard treatment will be safe and effective in reducing clinical stroke and/or cerebral infarction in patients with TBM.

Methods: This was a randomised, open-label, superiority trial with blinded outcome assessment.

Synthetic magnetic resonance-based relaxometry in differentiating central nervous system tuberculoma and glioblastoma.

Purpose: Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows reconstruction of multiple contrast-weighted images from a single acquisition of multiple delay multiple echo (MDME) sequence with quantitative relaxometry (longitudinal relaxation rate [R1], transverse relaxation rate [R2], and proton density [PD]) in a shorter acquisition time. We tried to explore synthetic MR-based relaxometry to differentiate central nervous system (CNS) tuberculomas from primary CNS neoplasm like glioblastoma.

Material And Methods: Ten cases of CNS tuberculoma and 14 cases of glioblastoma underwent pre- and post-contrast synthetic MRI.

Primary autoimmune hypothalamitis: management strategies and long-term outcomes in a tertiary care setting with a focused review of literature.

Background: Primary autoimmune hypothalamitis is an exceptionally rare inflammatory condition of the hypothalamus. Its etiology, clinical presentation, and management are not well established, with significant overlap and distinctions from hypophysitis.

Material And Methods: This study presents management and outcomes of patients with autoimmune hypothalamitis managed at a tertiary care centre.

The crucial role of cerebrospinal fluid cytology in the diagnosis and prognosis of medulloblastoma at M1 stage.

Introduction: Medulloblastoma is the most common pediatric malignant embryonal tumor of the cerebellum. In the absence of radiologically proven metastasis, lumbar puncture with cytological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is mandatory for identification of the M1 stage. This study aims to evaluate CSF cytomorphology and prognosis of the M1 stage.

Synthetic versus conventional MRI for ring-enhancing brain lesions: A pre- and post-contrast comparison.

Purpose: Synthetic MRI has potential to significantly reduce MR scan time by reconstructing multiple contrast images from a single acquisition. The aim of this study was to compare the image quality of both pre- and post-contrast synthetic MRI in subjects with ring-enhancing brain lesions with conventional images.

Methods: 50 patients with radiologically confirmed ring-enhancing brain lesions underwent TSE_MDME sequence before and after gadolinium administration along with conventional MRI sequences.

Ethics: The Elixir of Publications.

Scientific papers are the driving force for research, information dissemination, and policymaking that directly impacts society. Thus, ethical practices are the elixir of publications. Adherence to ethical practices promotes integrity in research and publication.

Synthetic MRI derived relaxometry parameters: a new insight into characterization of ring enhancing lesions of brain.

Background And Purpose: Synthetic MRI utilizes the quantitative relaxometry parameters to generate multiple contrast images through a single acquisition. We tried to explore the utility of synthetic MRI derived relaxometry parameters in evaluation of ring enhancing lesions of brain.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study.

Assessment of natural radioactivity in the Higher and Tethys Himalayan Rocks along Manali-Leh Highway, India.

The Higher and Tethys Himalayan region of NW-Himalaya is less explored from the natural radioactivity mapping assessment, though geologically and tectonically, this region is still active. The concentration of primordial radionuclides (Ra, Th, and  K) in rock samples of the Manali-Leh Highway region of the Himalayas is determined in the present study using the HPGe detector. The radiological hazard parameters are also estimated in terms of radium equivalent activity (Ra), annual effective dose (E and E), hazard indices (H, H, H, and H), and gamma absorbed dose rate.

Bone mineral density, turnover, and microarchitecture assessed by second-generation high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography in patients with Sheehan's syndrome.

Unlabelled: Sheehan's syndrome (SS) is a rare but well-characterized cause of hypopituitarism. Data on skeletal health is limited and on microarchitecture is lacking in SS patients.

Purpose: We aimed to explore skeletal health in SS with bone mineral density (BMD), turnover, and microarchitecture.

Sex differences in cognitive function among people with HIV-1 clade C infection in Northern India.

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) clade C is the most prevalent form of HIV-1 comprising nearly 46% of global infections and is the dominant subtype in India. Despite its predominance, the impact of HIV-1 clade C infection on cognitive function has been understudied in comparison with other subtypes, notably clade B, which is primarily found in Europe and North America. Few studies have assessed cognitive impairment in antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve men and women with HIV-1 clade C infection.

Clinicoradiological Profile of COVID-19-Associated Rhino-Orbital Cerebral Mucormycosis with a Focus on Computed Tomography: A Clinical Case Series and Review.

COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) has a rapidly evolving course with high morbidity and mortality. We describe imaging features of COVID-19-associated ROCM based on noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT). This retrospective single-center observational study included 50 patients with COVID-19 from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021 who subsequently developed ROCM confirmed by fungal culture studies.

Cranio-facial bones evaluation based on clinical CT data for sex determination in Northwest Indian population.

The skull and pelvis have been the first choice of bones for determination of unknown human remains. The goal of the present study was to derive discriminant function equations by using clinical CT scan data of cranio-facial bones for sex determination in Northwest Indian population. This study was conducted at Department of Radiology, by collecting the retrospective data of CT scan of 217 samples.

Heavy and less common metals in rainwater and the kinetics of the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide by oxygen in rainwater medium.

As a sequel to our recent study on the oxidation by O, i. e., autoxidation of dissolved hydrogen sulfide, HS, in aqueous medium, we present here the results of a similar study in rain water medium.

Radiological Parameters for Gamma Knife Radiosurgery.

Accurate lesion targeting is the essence of stereotactic radiosurgery. With the currently available imaging modalities, scanning has become quick and robust providing a high degree of spatial resolution resulting in optimal contrast between normal and abnormal tissues. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) forms the backbone of Leksell radiosurgery.

Role of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Characterization of Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy.

Background: To assess the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the characterization of mediastinal lymph nodes and compare them with morphological parameters.

Methods: A total of 43 untreated patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy underwent DW and T2 weighted MRI followed by pathological examination in the period from January 2015 to June 2016. The presence of diffusion restriction, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value, short axis dimensions (SAD), and T2 heterogeneous signal intensity of the lymph nodes were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and forward step-wise multivariate logistic regression analysis.

A comparative study of personality profile among violent and non-violent convicts: A cross sectional study.

The conviction-prone personality sees events as external forces and not according to their own or another's emotion, cognition, or inner forces. This study compared the personality traits and psychopathology of both violent and non-violent convicts. The total number of samples were 60 (30 violent and 30 non-violent) which were recruited from the Central jail of Jaipur (Rajasthan).

Advanced multiparametric MRI-based scoring for isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation prediction of gliomas.

Purpose: To propose an advanced multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based scoring system and evaluate its diagnostic accuracy with respect to the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status of gliomas.

Material And Methods: This prospective observational study included 50 consecutive patients with suspected gliomas, enrolled for pre-operative MRI. The exclusion criteria were previous surgery, biopsy, or chemo/radiotherapy and contraindications to the gadolinium-based contrasts or MRI acquisition.

Serum Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Is Elevated in Patients With Migraine and Ophthalmoplegia.

Background: There is ongoing debate about whether the oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), or abducens (VI) nerve paresis in patients with migraine is directly attributable to migraine (ophthalmoplegic migraine [OM]) or is due to an inflammatory neuropathy (recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy [RPON]). As migraine is associated with elevated serum calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels, we studied serum CGRP levels among patients with OM/RPON to determine whether they are elevated during and between attacks. This is the first study assessing CGRP levels in the serum of patients with OM/RPON.

Long-term hepatic and cardiac health in patients diagnosed with Sheehan's syndrome.

Purpose: Sheehan's syndrome (SS) is characterised by chronic pituitary insufficiency following a vascular insult to the pituitary in the peripartum period. There is a lack of substantial evidence on the long-term hepatic and cardiac consequences in these patients, following hormone replacement.

Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of SS were recruited for the study.

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders in North Indian Population: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center.

Introduction: To understand neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) better we need to study them in different populations. This prospective study was conducted to characterize clinical, serological, radiological, and therapeutic profile of NMOSDs in a North Indian population.

Materials And Methods: This study included 81 patients with NMOSDs.