Unraveling Genetic Versus Environmental Factors Determining Disease Course in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Population-Based Cohort Study in First- and Second-Generation Immigrants.

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) incidence in immigrants approximates that of the host country in progressive generations but less is known about their disease outcome. We investigate how the immigrant generation affects IBD outcomes.

Methods: In this population-based cohort study, the risks of first IBD-related hospitalization, first IBD-related surgery, need for advanced therapies, and perianal disease were compared between first- and second-generation immigrants (stratified into Western/non-Western) and native Danes, using Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs), correcting for sex, age at IBD diagnosis, and calendar year of IBD diagnosis.

Risk of cancer in patients with bile acid diarrhoea: a Danish nationwide matched cohort study.

Objective: Bile acid diarrhoea is a common cause of chronic diarrhoea. Increased levels of potentially carcinogenic bile acids in faeces, theoretically, may increase the risk of colorectal cancer in particular, but the long-term disease course is unknown. We aimed to investigate the overall and site-specific cancer risk in bile acid diarrhoea.

Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Risk of Immune Mediated Inflammatory Diseases.

Background & Aims: Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (anti-TNF) are effective therapies for several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). However, case reports have identified the paradoxical occurrence of IMIDs in patients treated with anti-TNF. We studied the risk of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and hidradenitis suppurativa after the initiation of anti-TNF therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Autoimmune diseases in microscopic colitis: A Danish nationwide case-control study.

Background: The association between autoimmune diseases and microscopic colitis remains uncertain.

Aims: To describe the association between autoimmune diseases and microscopic colitis by using a matched case-control design based on nationwide registry data.

Methods: All adult Danish patients with a diagnosis of microscopic colitis from 2001 to 2018 were identified from nationwide registries.

The effect of immunosuppressants on the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Background: Immunosuppression may worsen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We conducted a nationwide cohort study of the effect of exposure to immunosuppressants on the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Denmark.

Methods: We identified all SARS-CoV-2 test-positive patients from February 2020 to October 2020 and linked healthcare data from nationwide registers, including prescriptions for the exposure (immunosuppressant drugs).

All-cause and cause-specific mortality in microscopic colitis: a Danish nationwide matched cohort study.

Background: The long-term natural history of microscopic colitis remains uncertain.

Aim: To describe the mortality in a large unselected cohort of patients with microscopic colitis.

Methods: All Danish patients above 18 years with an incident diagnosis of microscopic colitis from 2001 to 2018 were identified from nationwide registries and compared to age- and sex-matched controls (variable 1:10 ratio).

Risk of acute arterial events associated with treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases: nationwide French cohort study.

Objective: Patients with IBD are at increased risk of acute arterial events. Antitumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents and thiopurines may, via their anti-inflammatory properties, lower the risk of acute arterial events. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of thiopurines and anti-TNFs on the risk of acute arterial events in patients with IBD.

Increased Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Families with Tonsillectomy: A Danish National Cohort Study.

Background: The possible etiologic link between tonsillectomy and inflammatory bowel diseases remains unclear. To investigate the hereditary component, we assessed the risk of inflammatory bowel disease after own tonsillectomy as well as after tonsillectomy among family members.

Methods: A nationwide Danish cohort of 7,045,288 individuals was established and linked to comprehensive national registers with data on kinship, tonsillectomy surgery, and diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease from all health sectors.

Differences in epidemiological features between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: The early life-programmed versus late dysbiosis hypothesis.

It is increasingly admitted that Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two entities of inflammatory bowel disease, are initiated and reactivated by environmental factors in genetically susceptible hosts, and result from aberrant immune response to specific intestinal microbes, in the context of altered composition of intestinal microbiota, called dysbiosis. We hypothesize that the role of the gut microbiota in Crohn's disease pathogenesis is linked to early-life abnormal crosstalk with the host immune system under construction. By contrast, in ulcerative colitis, the detrimental effect of intestinal dysbiosis could occur at any time of life, due to instant environment.

Increased risk of acute arterial events in young patients and severely active IBD: a nationwide French cohort study.

Objective: Magnitude and independent drivers of the risk of acute arterial events in IBD are still unclear. We addressed this question in patients with IBD compared with the general population at a nationwide level.

Design: Using the French National Hospital Discharge Database from 2008 to 2013, all patients aged 15 years or older and diagnosed with IBD were identified and followed up until 31 December 2013.

Comparison of Infliximab and Adalimumab in Biologic-Naive Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: A Nationwide Danish Cohort Study.

Background & Aims: This study compares the effectiveness and safety of infliximab and adalimumab in biologic-naive patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), in a nationwide register-based propensity score-matched cohort study.

Methods: From 1719 adults with UC, between ages 15 and 75 years in Denmark treated with either infliximab or adalimumab as their first biologic agent, we compared rates of all-cause hospitalization, UC-related hospitalization, major abdominal surgery, and serious infections after a variable 2:1 propensity score matching, accounting for baseline clinical characteristics, disease severity, health care utilization, and use of UC-related medications.

Results: As compared with infliximab-treated patients, adalimumab-treated patients had higher rate of all-cause hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR], 1.

Reduced risk of UC in families affected by appendicitis: a Danish national cohort study.

Objective: The possible aetiological link between appendicitis and UC remains unclear. In order to investigate the hereditary component of the association, we studied the risk of UC in family members of individuals with appendicitis.

Design: A cohort of 7.

Association between tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors and risk of serious infections in people with inflammatory bowel disease: nationwide Danish cohort study.

Objective: To investigate whether people with inflammatory bowel disease treated with tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors are at increased risk of serious infections.

Design: Nationwide register based propensity score matched cohort study.

Setting: Denmark, 2002-12.

Inflammatory bowel disease and risk of coronary heart disease.

Emerging data have shown consistent evidence of an association between inflammation and development of atherosclerosis. Systemic autoimmune diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation, and diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus are now commonly accepted to associate with development of cardiovascular disease, including coronary artery disease. However, the risk of cardiovascular disease in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic inflammatory disease of the gut, is still unclear and the magnitude of a potentially increased risk is continuously debated.

Colonoscopy surveillance for dysplasia and colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

The risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and dysplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been highly debated as risk estimates from different studies vary greatly. The present national Danish guideline on colonoscopy surveillance for dysplasia and colorectal cancer in patients with IBD is based on a thorough review of existing literature with particular focus on recent studies from Denmark revealing a lower risk of CRC than previously assumed. The overall risk of CRC in the Danish IBD population does not appear to be different from that of the background population; however, in some subgroups of patients the risk is increased.

Risk of infections associated with biological treatment in inflammatory bowel disease.

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors are biological agents introduced in the late 1990s for the treatment of different immune-mediated diseases as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. The most commonly used TNF-α antagonists are infliximab, adalimumab, and certolizumab pegol, and though highly effective in lowering inflammation, the efficacy must be weighed against the potential for adverse events. The treatment-induced immunosuppression is suspected to increase the risk of infections, including the risk of reactivation of latent tuberculosis, as the TNF-α cytokine plays an important role in the immune function.

Risk of cardiovascular disease in inflammatory bowel disease.

Abundant scientific evidence supporting an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and venous thromboembolic events, caused by an IBD related hypercoagulability, is acknowledged and thromboprophylactic treatment strategies are now implemented in the management of IBD patients. In contrary, the risk of arterial thromboembolic disease, as ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular events, and mesenteric ischemia in patients with IBD remains uncertain and the magnitude of a potentially increased risk is continuously debated, with ambiguous risk estimates among studies. The evident role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis forms the basis of a biological plausible link; the chronic systemic inflammation in IBD patients increases the risk of atherosclerosis and thereby the risk of thrombotic events.

Association between tumor necrosis factor-α antagonists and risk of cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Importance: A Cochrane review and network meta-analysis concluded that there is need for more research on adverse effects, including cancer, after treatment with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) antagonists and that national registries and large databases would provide relevant sources of data to evaluate these effects.

Objective: To investigate whether patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exposed to TNF-α antagonists were at increased risk of developing cancer.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Nationwide register-based cohort study in Denmark, 1999-2012.

Ehealth monitoring in irritable bowel syndrome patients treated with low fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols diet.

In the present study we report on changes in irritable bowel syndrome-severity scoring system (IBS-SSS) and irritable bowel syndrome-quality of life (IBS-QoL) in 19 IBS patients, aged 18 to 74 years (F/M: 14/5), during 12 wk registering their symptoms on the web-application (www.ibs.constant-care.