Complete Genome Sequence of Detected from a Tea Plant in Japan.

We report the complete genome sequence of a Japanese isolate of (TPNRBV-J). The predicted TPNRBV-J genes have the same organization as those of a Chinese isolate, and the 5' termini of the segments have conserved nucleotide sequences.

Intra-strain biological and epidemiological characterization of plum pox virus.

Plum pox virus (PPV) is one of the most important plant viruses causing serious economic losses. Thus far, strain typing based on the definition of 10 monophyletic strains with partially differentiable biological properties has been the sole approach used for epidemiological characterization of PPV. However, elucidating the genetic determinants underlying intra-strain biological variation among populations or isolates remains a relevant but unexamined aspect of the epidemiology of the virus.

Complete Genome Sequence of Iris Severe Mosaic Virus Isolated in Japan.

The complete genome sequence of an iris severe mosaic virus isolate (ISMV) from in Japan was determined for the first time. According to sequence identity analyses, our specimen is closely related to isolates reported from China.

Distinct interacting core taxa in co-occurrence networks enable discrimination of polymicrobial oral diseases with similar symptoms.

Polymicrobial diseases, which can be life threatening, are caused by the presence and interactions of multiple microbes. Peri-implantitis and periodontitis are representative polymicrobial diseases that show similar clinical symptoms. To establish a means of differentiating between them, we compared microbial species and functional genes in situ by performing metatranscriptomic analyses of peri-implantitis and periodontitis samples obtained from the same subjects (n = 12 each).

A review of improved fixation methods for dental implants. Part II: biomechanical integrity at bone-implant interface.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to review the mechanical requirements of the tissue-implant interface and analyze related theories.

Study Selection: The osseointegration capacity of titanium implants has been investigated over the past 50 years. We considered the ultimate goal of osseointegration to which form a desirable interfacial layer and a bone matrix with adequate biomechanical properties.

Bone micro-fragility caused by the mimetic aging processes in α-klotho deficient mice: in situ nanoindentation assessment of dilatational bands.

The nanoscale structure-function relationship is a key determinant of bone toughness or micro-fragility. The loss of bone toughness during the aging process has been accepted based on empirical evidence, but this concept has not yet been fully supported by evidence at the material level. Here, we demonstrate a reduction in bone toughening mechanism in mimetic aged cortical bone obtained from α-klotho deficient (α-klotho(-/-)) mice and assessed by in situ dynamic mechanical analysis.

Strain-rate stiffening of cortical bone: observations and implications from nanoindentation experiments.

While bone mineralization is considered to be responsible for its stiffness, bone durability partially associated with the time-dependent viscoelasticity of matrix proteins is still poorly elucidated. Here we demonstrate a novel mechanism of highly mineralized bone durability almost independent of inherent viscoelastic behaviour along with a protocol for measuring the mechanical properties of mineralized tissues. Strain-rate nanoindentation tests showed substantial stiffening of the highly mineralized calvarial bone, whereas large creep or stress relaxation was observed during constant load or displacement tests, respectively.

Intraindividual variation in core microbiota in peri-implantitis and periodontitis.

The oral microbiota change dramatically with each part of the oral cavity, even within the same mouth. Nevertheless, the microbiota associated with peri-implantitis and periodontitis have been considered the same. To improve our knowledge of the different communities of complex oral microbiota, we compared the microbial features between peri-implantitis and periodontitis in 20 patients with both diseases.

Lysyl oxidase like-2 reinforces unsatisfactory ossification induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2: relating nanomechanical properties and molecular changes.

Unlabelled: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) is among the most popular anabolic agents and substantially increase bone volume related to enhanced osteoblast differentiation. Here we demonstrate a remarkable deterioration in the nanomechanical properties of mineralized tissue induced from osteoblasts solely by the function of BMP2. Mineralized tissue of primary osteoblasts cultured with BMP2 shows molecular features of both bone and cartilage, but depletion of lysyl oxidase family members leads to poor nanomechanical properties of the mineralized tissue.

Comparison of the prevalence of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains O157 and O26 between beef and dairy cattle in Japan.

With the aim of comparing the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 and O26 between beef and dairy cattle, we collected rectal content samples from 250 beef cattle on 25 beef farms and 250 dairy cows on 25 dairy farms from July through September 2011. STEC O157 was isolated from 16 beef cattle on 7 beef farms, while no STEC O157 was isolated from any dairy farms. This result suggests that the prevalence of STEC O157 is higher in beef cattle than in dairy cattle.

Comprehensive microbiological findings in peri-implantitis and periodontitis.

Aim: The microbial differences between peri-implantitis and periodontitis in the same subjects were examined using 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Materials And Methods: Subgingival plaque samples were taken from the deepest pockets of peri-implantitis and periodontitis sites in six subjects. The prevalence of bacteria was analysed using a 16S rRNA gene clone library and real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Prevalence and characterization of foodborne pathogens in dairy cattle in the eastern part of Japan.

To investigate the prevalence and characterization of foodborne pathogens [Campylobacter spp., Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp.] in dairy cows, rectal content grab samples were collected from 250 dairy cows reared on 25 dairy farms in eastern Japan from December 2010 through February 2011.

Nationwide survey of salmonella prevalence in environmental dust from layer farms in Japan.

A nationwide survey was conducted to determine Salmonella prevalence in airborne dust from layer farms. Of the 4,090 layer farms in Japan, 203 were surveyed and 48 (23.6%) of these were positive for Salmonella.

Pineal cystic germinoma with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells mimicking MR imaging findings of a pineal cyst.

We report a case of precocious puberty in a 4-year-old boy. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging suggested a pineal cyst with enhancement of the slightly thickened wall and focal wall irregularity. Three-dimensional constructive interference in a steady-state imaging revealed a focal lobulation and a nodule-like area in the lesion.

Oxidative stress is associated with adiposity and insulin resistance in men.

To investigate the direct relationship of oxidative stress with obesity and insulin resistance in men, we measured the plasma levels of 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) in 14 obese and 17 nonobese men and evaluated their relationship with body mass index; body fat weight; visceral, sc, and total fat areas, measured by computed tomography; and glucose infusion rate during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp study. Obese men had significantly higher plasma concentrations of 8-epi-PGF2alpha than nonobese men (P < 0.05).

Increased visceral fat and serum levels of triglyceride are associated with insulin resistance in Japanese metabolically obese, normal weight subjects with normal glucose tolerance.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between visceral adiposity or triglyceride (TG) metabolism and insulin resistance in metabolically obese, normal weight (MONW) Japanese individuals with normal glucose tolerance.

Research Design And Methods: We evaluated body fat areas, lipid profiles, and the glucose infusion rate (GIR) during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp study in 20 MONW subjects (BMI <25 kg/m(2)and visceral fat areas 100 cm(2)) with normal glucose tolerance. Body fat areas were measured by computed tomography scans.

Nitric oxide stimulates glucose transport through insulin-independent GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Objective: It is well known that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is expressed and that it modulates glucose transport in skeletal muscles. Recent studies have shown that adipose tIssues also express inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). In the present study, we investigated whether nitric oxide (NO) induces glucose uptake in adipocytes, and the signaling pathway involved in the NO-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.