Solitary Extraarticular Synovial Chondromatosis; Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation.

Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a locally aggressive neoplasm consisting of multiple hyaline cartilaginous nodules. This neoplasm typically manifests as multiple intra-articular calcified or uncalcified nodules, whereas the extraarticular form is particularly rare. We herein present a case of solitary extraarticular SC arising in the hand and correlate the imaging findings with pathologic findings.

Marked Improvements in Basal Interventricular Septal Hypertrophy After Aortic Root Replacement for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm.

Basal interventricular septum (IVS) hypertrophy (BSH) is characterized by a reduced aortoseptal angle and thickened basal IVS. The BSH shape suggests compression by the longitudinally elongated ascending aorta (pseudohypertrophy), further suggesting the possibility of surgical aortic wall shortening to improve the BSH. We report the case of a 77-year-old woman with an asymptomatic dissecting thoracic ascending aortic aneurysm and clear BSH.

Spontaneous rupture of an ovarian artery aneurysm complicated by postpartum hypertensive disorders of pregnancy after caesarean section: a case report and literature review.

Background: The spontaneous rupture of an artery aneurysm during the perinatal period is considered a serious complication associated with the physiological alteration by pregnancy and delivery. The rupture of an ovarian artery aneurysm is rare and leads to rapid retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Here, we report one case complicated by postpartum hypertensive disorder of pregnancy associated with massive bleeding into retroperitoneal cavity by the spontaneous rupture of ovarian artery aneurysm after caesarean section, and reviewed previous literature.

A Case of Nonsmoker Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis With Multiple Pulmonary Nodules Disappeared and Appeared.

We present a non-smoker woman in her 40s with PLCH who presented with atypical imaging findings of multiple pulmonary noncavitary nodules without air cysts with repeated waxing and waning.

Idiopathic dendriform pulmonary ossification as the phenotype of interstitial lung abnormalities: CT-pathologic correlation and prevalence.

Background And Purpose: Idiopathic dendriform pulmonary ossification (DPO) is mostly asymptomatic, and detected incidentally in lung CT. There have been no reports on the precise CT-pathologic correlation and the prevalence of idiopathic DPO. This study aimed to clarify the histological background and prevalence of idiopathic DPO.

Peritumoral Fat Content Identified Using Iterative Decomposition of Water and Fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least-squares Estimation (IDEAL) Correlates with Breast Cancer Prognosis.

Purpose: Adipocytes around aggressive breast cancer (BC) are less lipid different from naive adipocytes (cancer-associated adipocytes, CAAs), and peritumoral edema caused by the release of cytokines from CAAs can conduce to decrease the peritumoral fat proportion. The purpose of this study was to correlate peritumoral fat content identified by using iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL) with lymph node metastasis (LNM) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in BC patients and to compare with T2-weighted (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted images (DWI) analyses.

Methods: This retrospective study consisted of 85 patients who were diagnosed with invasive carcinoma of breast and underwent breast MRI, including IDEAL before surgery.

Feasibility of Breath-Hold Zero TE Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequence for Evaluation of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations After Embolotherapy.

We obtained breath-hold zero TE (ZTE) magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations before and after embolotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports of ZTE for the entire lung imaging in single breath-hold scan time such as 20 seconds. Breath-hold ZTE magnetic resonance imaging can be a useful technique for magnetic resonance-based follow-up of vascular lung diseases without using contrast media, reducing the undesired artifacts from metallic devices.

Primary Site Identification of Soft-Tissue Mass: Things to Know in MRI Assessment.

The spectrum of soft-tissue mass is varied, including neoplastic and nonneoplastic/inflammatory lesions. However, soft-tissue tumors have similar imaging findings and, therefore, the diagnosis of soft-tissue mass is challenging. Although careful assessment of the internal characteristics on imaging can often narrow the differential diagnoses, the differential diagnosis may be out of the question if identification of the soft-tissue mass origin is missed.

The effect of deep convolutional neural networks on radiologists' performance in the detection of hip fractures on digital pelvic radiographs.

Purpose: The purpose of our study is to develop deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) for detecting hip fractures using CT and MRI as a gold standard, and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of 7 readers with and without DCNN.

Methods: The study population consisted of 327 patients who underwent pelvic CT or MRI and were diagnosed with proximal femoral fractures. All radiographs were manually checked and annotated by radiologists referring to CT and MRI for selecting ROI.

Peritumoral Fat Content Correlates with Histological Prognostic Factors in Breast Carcinoma: A Study Using Iterative Decomposition of Water and Fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least-Squares Estimation (IDEAL).

Purpose: To correlate peritumoral fat content using iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL) with histologic prognostic factors in breast carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: This study consisted of 100 patients who were diagnosed with invasive carcinoma of breast and underwent breast MRI including IDEAL before surgery. The scan time of IDEAL fat fraction (FF) map imaging was 33 s.

CT temporal subtraction method for detection of sclerotic bone metastasis in the thoracolumbar spine.

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of a CT temporal subtraction (TS) method on radiologists' performance in sclerotic metastasis detection in the thoracolumbar spine.

Materials And Methods: 20 pairs (current and previous CTs) of standard-dose CT and their TS images in patients with sclerotic bone metastasis and 20 pairs (current and previous CTs) of those in patients without bone metastasis were used for an observer performance study. A total of 135 lesions were identified as the reference standard of actionable lesions (sclerotic metastasis newly appeared or increased in size or in attenuation).

Detection of lung carcinoma with predominant ground-glass opacity on CT using temporal subtraction method.

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of the CT temporal subtraction (TS) method for the detection of the lung cancer with predominant ground-glass opacity (LC-pGGO).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five pairs of CT and their TS images in patients with LC-pGGO (31 lesions) and 25 pairs of those in patients without nodules were used for an observer performance study. Eight radiologists participated and the statistical significance of differences with and without the CT-TS was assessed by JAFROC analysis.

Quantification of bone marrow fat content using iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL): reproducibility, site variation and correlation with age and menopause.

Objective: To determine the reproducibility of the quantitative chemical shift-based water-fat separation method with a multiecho gradient echo sequence [iteraterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation quantitation sequence (IDEAL-IQ)] for assessing bone marrow fat fraction (FF); to evaluate variation of FF at different bone sites; and to investigate its association with age and menopause.

Methods: 31 consecutive females who underwent pelvic iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation at 3-T MRI were included in this study. Quantitative FF using IDEAL-IQ of four bone sites were analyzed.

Prediction of Femoral Neck Strength in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus with Trabecular Bone Analysis and Tomosynthesis Images.

Purpose To determine trabecular bone analysis values by using tomosynthesis images in determining femoral neck strength in patients with diabetes mellitus and compare its parameters between vertebral compression fracture and nonfracture groups. Materials and Methods The institutional review board approved this study, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Forty-nine patients with diabetes mellitus were included.

Thin-section chest CT findings in polymyalgia rheumatica: a comparison between with and without rheumatoid arthritis.

We retrospectively compared the thin-section chest computed tomography (CT) findings between 25 patients of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 29 patients of PMR without RA. PMR patients showed high-frequency CT abnormalities (68.5%) regardless of the association with RA.

Definitive 3D-CRT for clinically localized prostate cancer: modifications of the clinical target volume following a prostate MRI and the clinical benefits.

Purpose: To evaluate the modifications of the tumor stage and clinical target volume following a prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the tumor (T) staging, and the clinical benefits for prostate cancer.

Methods: A total of 410 patients with newly diagnosed and clinically localized prostate cancer were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were treated with definitive three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT).

Gallbladder metastasis from renal cell carcinoma: a case report with review of the literature.

We experienced a rare case of gallbladder metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Ultrasound, computed tomographic, and magnetic resonance findings showed a hypervascular polypoid mass and correlated well with histopathologic findings. The mass showed high intensity on diffusion-weighted images, and the apparent diffusion coefficient was relatively low.