Prodigiosin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis through influencing amino acid metabolism in multiple myeloma.

The recurrence of drug-resistant and expensive treatment drugs are major causes of the low survival rate of multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Exploring a safe, effective, low-cost and novel drug treatment for MM is a promising strategy to relieve the burden of MM patients. In this study, we found that prodigiosin could inhibit MM cell proliferation and induce MM cell apoptosis, however, it had a lesser cytotoxic effect on normal B cells within the IC range of MM cells.

Targeting Enterobacter cloacae attenuates osteolysis by reducing ammonium in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM)-induced bone disease affects not only patients' quality of life but also their overall survival. Our previous work demonstrated that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in MM progression and drug resistance. However, the role of altered gut microbiota in MM bone disease remains unclear.

LGR4 promotes proliferation and homing via activation of the NF‑κB signaling pathway in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by clonal proliferation in the bone marrow (BM). Previously, it was reported that G‑protein‑coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) contributed to early hematopoiesis and was associated with poor prognosis in patients with MM. However, the mechanism of cell homing and migration, which is critical for MM progression, remains unclear.

Targeting gut microbial nitrogen recycling and cellular uptake of ammonium to improve bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma.

The gut microbiome has been found to play a crucial role in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), which is still considered incurable due to drug resistance. In previous studies, we demonstrated that intestinal nitrogen-recycling bacteria are enriched in patients with MM. However, their role in MM relapse remains unclear.

[Latest Findings on the Mechanism of the Interaction Between Multiple Myeloma Cells and Bone Marrow Microenvironment].

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells. The mechanisms of the pathogenesis and progression of MM include genetic abnormalities of the MM cells and the interaction between MM cells and bone marrow microenvironment (BMME). MM cells start malignant proliferation in BMME and contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of MM through direct or indirect interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix.

Identifying and tailoring C-N coupling site for efficient urea synthesis over diatomic Fe-Ni catalyst.

Electrocatalytic urea synthesis emerged as the promising alternative of Haber-Bosch process and industrial urea synthetic protocol. Here, we report that a diatomic catalyst with bonded Fe-Ni pairs can significantly improve the efficiency of electrochemical urea synthesis. Compared with isolated diatomic and single-atom catalysts, the bonded Fe-Ni pairs act as the efficient sites for coordinated adsorption and activation of multiple reactants, enhancing the crucial C-N coupling thermodynamically and kinetically.

Oxygen Vacancy-Mediated Selective C-N Coupling toward Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis.

The electrocatalytic C-N coupling for one-step urea synthesis under ambient conditions serves as the promising alternative to the traditional urea synthetic protocol. However, the hydrogenation of intermediate species hinders the efficient urea synthesis. Herein, the oxygen vacancy-enriched CeO was demonstrated as the efficient electrocatalyst with the stabilization of the crucial intermediate of *NO inserting into vacant sites, which is conducive to the subsequent C-N coupling process rather than protonation, whereas the poor selectivity of C-N coupling with protonation was observed on the vacancy-deficient catalyst.

Electrocatalytic C-N Coupling for Urea Synthesis.

The industrial urea synthesis consists of two consecutive processes, nitrogen + hydrogen → ammonia followed by ammonia + carbon dioxide → urea. The electrocatalytic coupling of carbon source (carbon dioxide) and nitrogen source (nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate) by skipping the ammonia synthetic process might be a promising alternative to achieve the efficient urea synthesis; in this case, two industrial steps with high energy consumption and high pollution are optimized into one renewable energy-driving electrocatalytic process. Herein, the progress of green urea synthesis is summarized, focusing on the electrocatalytic coupling of carbon source and nitrogen source for direct urea synthesis under ambient conditions.

Coupling Electrocatalytic Nitric Oxide Oxidation over Carbon Cloth with Hydrogen Evolution Reaction for Nitrate Synthesis.

NO is a harmful pollutant to the environment. The traditional removal of NO is hindered by the harsh operating conditions and sacrifice of value-added chemicals. Efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of NO was achieved over plasma-treated commercial carbon cloth, serving as a promising anode substitution reaction to couple with the hydrogen evolution reaction without consumption of hydrogen-containing resources.

Identifying the Geometric Site Dependence of Spinel Oxides for the Electrooxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural.

Co-based spinel oxides, which are of mixing valences with the presence of both Co and Co at different atom locations, are considered as promising catalysts for the electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Identifying the role of each atom site in the electroxidation of HMF is critical to design the advanced electrocatalysts. In this work, we found that Co in Co O is capable of chemical adsorption for acidic organic molecules, and Co play a decisive role in HMF oxidation.